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Factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse among male students who have sex with men in three Northern regions of China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第14期132卷 1639-1644页

作者： De-Chuan Zhang Zun-You Wu sarah Robbins scott Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui 230032China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Background:Unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) has previously been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) *** students who have sex with men (SMSM) are at increased exposure to experience *** aim of this study was to investigate the status of UAI and related factors among SMSM in three northern regions of ***:From November 2018 to January 2019,SMSM,18 years or older,studying or living in Beijing,Tianjin,or Shijiazhuang,who had anal sex in the past 6 months were recruited by community-based organizations to participate in an unmatched,casecontrol *** demographic and behavioral information were collected via self-administrated electronic questionnaires and factors related to UAI were assessed using uni-and multivariate logistic regression ***:Among the 511 SMSM included in the study,210 (41.1%) reported UAI in the past 6 *** who had sexual partners at least 10 years older than themselves (odds ratio [OR]=2.277,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.380-3.756),used vacant capsules before sexual activity (OR =3.858,95 % CI:1.472-10.106),had a self-perceived moderate-HIV risk (OR =2.128,95 %CI:1.403-3.227),and unprotected,first anal intercourse (OR =2.236,95 % CI:1.506-3.320) had increased odds of ***:Factors associated with increased odds of engaging in UAI in the past 6 months among SMSM included having older sexual partners,using vacant capsules,having a self-perceived moderate risk of HIV,and unprotected,first anal *** education on risk reduction,including improving condom decision making in age-discordant relationships could help address the sexual risk behaviors among SMSM.

关键词： Students Men who have sex with men Unsafe Sex China

Risks and challenges of HIV infection transmitted via blood transfusion

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Biosafety and Health 2019年第3期1卷 124-128页

作者： sarah Robbins scott Zunyou Wu National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention155 Changbai RoadBeijing 102206China

Promoting biosafety regulations and techniques supports human health and protects individuals and groups from harmful *** attention should be paid to those potential infectious hazards associated with blood and other bodily fluids,especially those highly transmitted infectious diseases,such as human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),one of the largest global health *** innovative and adaptive screening and laboratory techniques to reduce the possibility of HIV transmission are integral to managing the *** review here the evolution and success of blood screening techniques for HIV,along with current issues that still need to be *** academic articles and media reports about nosocomial HIV transmission events since 1981 were reviewed to identify current blood screening and transfusion safety trends across the globe,along with specific recommendations from the Chinese *** most initial screening was limited only to antibody and antigen testing,newer screening tests(such as nucleic acid testing),coupled with risk-based screening of donors,have led to reduced risk of HIV transmission and continues to reduce the“window period,”when an HIV-positive individual may test negative though they have been *** examination of current guidelines and regulations across the globe are discussed,in order to understand where critical gaps in screening may *** examination of this data,it is evident that huge strides have been made since the beginning of the epidemic;however improved technical training of staff and streamlined testing guidelines could help promote efficient screening of HIV,while also supporting those providing care.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Blood screening Nosocomial transmission Transfusion-transmitted infection

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患者版指南发展现状与研究前景

中国循证医学杂志 2023年第2期23卷 221-226页

作者：晏利姣梁士兵余泽宇陈薇 sarah scott 刘建平北京中医药大学循证医学中心北京100029 英国国立健康与照护卓越研究院曼彻斯特M14BT

随着患者版指南在国内外逐渐被重视和开发,相关研究不断增多。为使国内学者更好地了解该领域的最新动态,促进患者版指南发展,本文对患者版指南的概念、制订现状、制订方法等进行了总结并分析不足。最后,基于患者版指南现状,为推动患者... 详细信息

随着患者版指南在国内外逐渐被重视和开发,相关研究不断增多。为使国内学者更好地了解该领域的最新动态,促进患者版指南发展,本文对患者版指南的概念、制订现状、制订方法等进行了总结并分析不足。最后,基于患者版指南现状,为推动患者版指南的发展提出以下三点对策:患者版指南的概念有待进一步明确;建立患者版指南传播平台,使患者版指南发挥其价值;使用标准的患者版指南制订方法,确保患者版指南质量。

关键词：患者版指南医患决策共同决策患者参与

Multidimensional Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer in Beijing,China:A Case-Control Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第10期33卷 785-790页

作者： LI Ai Hua YE Yan CHEN Jun SUN Zhi Feng YUN Shui Ying TIAN Xing Kuan HU Zai Fang sarah Robbins scott YU Gui Xin HU Li WANG Zi Huan SUN Li Geng SHEN Zhuang Institute for Occupational Health Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control&Center of Preventive Medical ResearchBeijing 100013China University of California Los Angeles 90024CaliforniaUSA Department of Occupational Health Dongcheng Center for Diseases Prevention and ControlBeijing 100009China Department of Occupational Diseases and Environment Health Shijingshan Center for Diseases Prevention and ControlBeijing 100050China Department of Integrated Evaluation Mentougou Center for Diseases Prevention and ControlBeijing 102300China Department of Occupational Health Shunyi Center for Diseases Prevention and ControlBeijing 101300China The National Center for AIDS Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide[1].In 2018,2.09 million new breast cancer cases were identified globally,accounting for 11.6% of all cancers in that year[2].The breast cancer incidence in... 详细信息

关键词： Breast cancer Cancer

HIV care continuum among newly diagnosed student and non-student youths between 2012 and 2016 in Hangzhou, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第12期132卷 1420-1428页

作者： Yan Luo Hong Wu Xing-Liang Zhang Xi-Ting Li sarah Robbins scott Jun-Fang Chen Zun-You Wu Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention HangzhouZhejiang 310021China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Background: Youths are disproportionally affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We aimed to assess antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and viral suppression rates among student and non-student youths in Hangzhou, China. Methods: Data were taken from the Chinese HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome Comprehensive Response Information Management System. Youths aged 15 to 24 years who were newly diagnosed with HIV between 2012 and 2016 and were living in Hangzhou were included in the study. Comparisons between student and non-student youths were made for ART initiation within 30 days, 90 days, and 12 months of HIV diagnosis, and the viral suppression rate at 12 months of HIV diagnosis and at 12 months of ART initiation. Results: A total of 707 cases met inclusion criteria, 29.6% of which were students and 70.4% were non-student youths. The student group had a higher proportion of ART initiation compared with the non-student group within 30 days of diagnosis (45.5% vs. 37.0%, P = 0.044), and a slightly higher but not statistically significant proportion at 90 days (67.0% vs. 62.7%), and 12 months (83.7% vs. 78.5%) of HIV diagnosis. ART initiation within 30 days improved from 90% in 2016. A smaller proportion of students experienced viral suppression compared with the non-student group (9.6% vs. 17.1%, P = 0.011) at 12 months after HIV diagnosis, but the suppression rate was similar at 12 months of ART initiation (69.9% vs. 71.1%, P = 0.743). Conclusions: ART initiation in both student and non-student youths has significantly improved between 2012 and 2016. However, the viral suppression rate remained unacceptably low at 12 months of HIV diagnosis in both student and non-student groups. Specific intervention strategies must be taken to address this challenge.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Antiretroviral therapy Viral suppression Student Non-student Youths

A community-based comprehensive intervention to reduce syphilis infection—among low-fee female sex workers in China:a matched-pair,community-based randomized study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 51-60页

作者： Wei Dong Chu Zhou Ke-Ming Rou Zun-You Wu Jun Chen sarah Robbins scott Man-Hong Jia Yue-Jiao Zhou Xi Chen Division of HIV Prevention National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention155 Changbai RoadBeijing 102206China Department of Epidemiology UCLA Fielding School of Public HealthLos AngelesUSA Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionKunmingChina Institute of AIDS Control and Prevention Guangxi Zhuang Autonom ous Region for Disease Control and PreventionNanningChina Division of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangshaChina

Background:Low-fee female sex workers(FSWs)are at high risk of acquiring and spreading human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)in *** is an urgent need to develop comprehensive intervention measures targeted towards low-fee FSWs to reduce HIV/STD ***,this study aimed to reduce HIV/STD infections among low-fee FSW through a matched-pair,comiDunity-based randomized intervention trial carried out in 12 cities in three provinces in ***:Four cities from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,four from Yunnan Province,and four from Hunan Province were paired and participants received either the intervention package(including condom promotion,HIV and syphilis testing,reimbursement for syphilis treatment costs,and free anti-retroviral therapy or the current standard of ***-based,convenience sampling was used to recruit FSWs.A face-to-face interview and HIV and syphilis blood testing was conducted at baseline and follow-up intervals of 24 *** linear mixed models(GLMM)were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention package on reducing HIV/STD infection in the ***:A total of 1024 eligible FSWs were enrolled in the baseline survey and 843 in the *** results showed that syphilis infeaion was reduced by 49%in the intervention group compared to the current standard of care group(P=0.0378,OR=0.51;95%CI:0.27-0.96).FSWs aged 35 years or older were 2.38 times more likely to get syphilis infection compared to those younger than 35 years old(P<0.0001,OR=2.38,95%CI:1.55-3.65).The risk of syphilis infection among more educated FSWs was 0.43 times less than those with lower levels of education(P<0.05,OR=0.43,95%CI:0.63-0.93).Conclusions:This study demonstrates that comprehensive interventions can lead to significant declines in syphilis infection amongst low-tier *** both behavioral and biomedical intervention measures should be considered when developing programs for low-fee FS

关键词： China Female sex workers Human immunodeficiency virus Syphilis

Widespread incomplete lineage sorting and introgression shaped adaptive radiation in the Gossypium genus

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 185-197页

作者： Yanchao Xu Yangyang Wei Zhongli Zhou Xiaoyan Cai scott ABoden Muhammad Jawad Umer Luqman BSafdar Yuling Liu Dingsha Jin Yuqing Hou Yuhong Wang sarah Brooke Wall Kunbo Wang Shuxun Yu Baohong Zhang Renhai Peng Fang Liu National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyang 455000China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 40070China College of Biology and Food Engineering Anyang Institute of TechnologyAnyang 455000China National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya) Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572024China School of Agriculture Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Sanya Institute Hainan Academy of Agricultural SciencesSanya 572000China Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA School of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Cotton(Gossypium)stands as a crucial economic crop,serving as the primary source of naturalfiber for the textile ***,the evolutionary mechanisms driving speciation within the Gossypium genus remain *** this investigation,we leveraged 25 Gossypium genomes and introduced four novel assem-blies—***,***,***,and ***(Gklo)—to delve into the speciation history of this ***,we encountered intricate phylogenies potentially stemming from *** complexities are further compounded by incomplete lineage sorting(ILS),a factor likely to have been instrumental in shaping the swift diversification of *** focus subsequently shifted to the rapid radiation episode during a concise period in Gossypium *** a recently diverged lineage comprising ***,Gklo,and ***,we constructed afinely detailed ILS ***,this analysis revealed the non-random distribution of ILS regions across the reference Gklo ***,we identified signs of robust natural selection influencing specific ILS *** variations per-taining to speciation emerged between the closely related sister species Gklo and ***-mately 15.74%of speciation structural variation genes and 12.04%of speciation-associated genes were esti-mated to intersect with ILS *** enrich our understanding of the role of ILS in adaptive radiation,shedding fresh light on the intricate speciation history of the Gossypium genus.

关键词： cotton speciation Gossypium genus incomplete lineage sorting ILS phylogenetic analysis gene tree resolution

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白炭黑填充轿车轮胎胎面胶性能优化

现代橡胶技术 2020年第1期46卷 32-40页

作者：朱永康(编译) Christine Domer scott sarah Keegan Moss 不详

与传统补强炭黑相比,采用沉淀法白炭黑可改善轿车子午线轮胎胎面胶的实验室预测值。通过增大0℃下的tanδ值(0℃tanδ)可改善湿路面牵引性;减小60℃下的tanδ值可改善滚动阻力。为了保持耐磨性,白炭黑应分散至与炭黑分散度相近的程度,... 详细信息

与传统补强炭黑相比,采用沉淀法白炭黑可改善轿车子午线轮胎胎面胶的实验室预测值。通过增大0℃下的tanδ值(0℃tanδ)可改善湿路面牵引性;减小60℃下的tanδ值可改善滚动阻力。为了保持耐磨性,白炭黑应分散至与炭黑分散度相近的程度,但尚需与双官能有机硅烷偶联剂有效地发生反应。由于欧洲轮胎标签法已经生效,要求所有轮胎都必须标明滚动阻力、湿路面牵引性和噪音级别,轮胎胎面胶使用白炭黑的情况有望进一步增多。我们通过改变4个自变量对一种典型轿车子午线轮胎(PCR)胎面胶配方进行了研究。这些自变量分别为:(1)在一段混炼分别添加SSBR和所有TDAE操作油,SSBR为充油溶聚丁苯橡胶(OE-SSBR);(2)白炭黑具有相似的CTAB表面积,但其形态不同;(3)用1.5升具有双翼切向式转子的本伯里氏密炼机和带啮合式转子的1升新密炼机进行混炼;(4)用啮合式转子密炼机混炼进行三段和四段混炼,另外用本伯里氏密炼机增加四段和五段混炼。为了评估胶料性能,对胶料硫化性能、硫化胶物理性能和动态性能进行了测定。用100倍的光学照片和放大1 000倍的扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)照片进行定量分析白炭黑(特别是>~1μm的聚集体)的分散性,因为提高分散性能可减少胎面磨耗。统计分析表明,SSBR是最重要的变量。用OE-SSBR通常会获得较高的平均值,包括M300/M100比(补强指数)、-30℃下的E′(转弯系数预测值)和0℃下的tanδ(湿路面牵引性预测值)。此外,将一段混炼OE-SSBR所得的卸料作为最初的批量胶。对于M300/M100比或分散特性,白炭黑的形态并不那么重要,但观察到配合喷雾干燥的微粒高分散性白炭黑可使一段混炼卸料温度平均降低9.3℃,这表明最佳混炼室容量因白炭黑的形态不同而异。因此,优化密炼机的填充系数对提高分散性,使产量最大化十分重要。采用啮合式转子密炼机时,M300/M100比具有定量相关系数(R2=0.965),但采用切向式转子密炼机时只有定量关系(R2=0.853)。从统计学角度看,白炭黑分散特性与4个变量之间无明显相关性。按100、500和1 000放大倍率的扫描式电子显微镜(SEM)分析,应可提供更为详细的白炭黑聚集体/附聚体群图像,从而提供白炭黑-有机硅烷和聚合物偶联反应的效率。

关键词：轿车轮胎胎面胶配方白炭黑性能

无拘无束的建筑:以亲生物设计连接城市儿童早教中心与自然

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世界建筑 2020年第8期 10-17,F0003页

作者：萨拉·斯科特庞凌波(译) 斯科特与赖兰建筑事务所

在目前的早期教育中,儿童在户外、在自然环境中玩耍是一种理想状态,这是相当普遍的观念。儿童能够接触到大自然的重要性为很多基于发展心理学和“最佳实践”游戏空间设计的研究所支持,它们证实了户外环境比室内更健康、更刺激、更有趣[1... 详细信息

在目前的早期教育中,儿童在户外、在自然环境中玩耍是一种理想状态,这是相当普遍的观念。儿童能够接触到大自然的重要性为很多基于发展心理学和“最佳实践”游戏空间设计的研究所支持,它们证实了户外环境比室内更健康、更刺激、更有趣[1-3]。全球范围内户外教育的增长亦是一种佐证(图1)。

关键词：早期教育户外教育户外环境空间设计最佳实践全球范围自然环境心理学