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Higher Type 1 Interferon Levels in Plasma of Asymptomatic HIV-2 than in HIV-1 Individuals

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2016年第1期6卷 15-23页

作者： Samuel V. Nuvor Hilton Whittle sarah rowland-jones Assan Jaye MRC Laboratories Fajara Banjul The Gambia School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK MRC Human Immunology Unit Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK Hospital A. le Dantec Laboratoire de Bacteriologie Virologie (LBV) Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

A number of cytokines are secreted during HIV infection that enhances both innate and adaptive immune responses. Interferon-α/β/γ, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 have been found to contribute to the development, maturation, differentiation and function of NK and other immune cells. The levels of IFN-α/β/γ, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 were compared in the plasma of 90 HIV-1 infected and 90 HIV-2 infected subjects by ELISA or Cytometric Beads Array assays. The HIV-infected subjects were stratified according to CD4+ T cell counts into three groups: >500, 200 - 500 and + T cell counts (p = 0.001). The levels of IFN-β were seen to differ between the two infections in patients from the category of medium CD4+ T cell counts: this was significantly increased in HIV-2 infected patients (p + T cell categories except for an increase in HIV-2 infected patients at low CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.02). The levels of these cytokines were similar in all HIV-1 subjects. Also, the level of IL-12p70 was similar between the two infections but significantly higher in HIV-2 at low compared to medium CD4+ T cells categories (p = 0.047). Similar to IFN-γ and IL-12p70, the levels of both IL-18 and IL-15 were found to be significantly higher in HIV-2 infected patients compared to HIV-1 at low CD4+ T cell counts (p < 0.05). These data show that there is variability in the levels of innate cytokines at different stages of HIV infection but the finding of increased IFN-α in HIV-2 infected asymptomatic subjects is consistent with the high innate NK respo

关键词： Type I Interferon HIV-I HIV-2 Cytokines Interleukins

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Greater Expansion of IFN-γ﹣CD4+NKT Cells in HIV-1 Compared with HIV-2-Infected Subjects with Preserved CD4+T Cell Counts

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第2期2卷 103-108页

作者： Samuel V. Nuvor Hilton Whittle sarah rowland-jones Assan Jaye MRC Laboratories Fajara Banjul The Gambia MRC Laboratories Fajara Banjul The Gambia London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK MRC Laboratories Fajara Banjul The Gambia MRC Human Immunology Unit Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK MRC Laboratories Fajara Banjul The Gambia School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana

Context: Human Natural Killer T cells are T lymphocytes that express an invariant αβ T cells receptors and NK cells receptors. They regulate innate and adaptive immune response but are susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Objective: We compare the frequency and the activity of NKT cells in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected individuals with CD4+ counts greater than 500/mm3 using flow cytometry after overnight stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Results: The frequency of NKT cells was similar between both groups and also to sero-negative control subjects. There were also no significant differences in the proportions of total NKT cells and the CD4+ NKT subset that secreted interferon gamma (IFN-γ) after polyclonal stimulation. However, there was a significantly higher frequency of IFN-γ﹣ CD4+ NKT cells in HIV-1-infected compared with HIV-2 infected subjects (p = 0.043). Conclusion: These data suggest there is no relationship between the functional activity of NKT cell subsets and the total NKT cell population in HIV infection. The expansion of IFN-γ﹣ CD4+ NKT cells in HIV-1 infection may serve as target for viral infection and may eventually result in their depletion during chronic infection.

关键词： NKT Cells HIV-1 HIV-2 IFN-g CD4 T Cells

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Differential Expressions of Selected Activating and Inhibitory Receptors on K562-Stimulated Natural Killer (NK) Cells in HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections

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World Journal of AIDS 2015年第1期5卷 21-29页

作者： Samuel V. Nuvor sarah rowland-jones Hilton Whittle Assan Jaye MRC Laboratories Fajara Banjul The Gambia School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana MRC Human Immunology Unit Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK Hopital A. Le Dantec Laboratoire de Bacteriologie Virologie (LBV) Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

Context: The functional activity of NK cells depends on the balance between the engagement of activating and inhibitory receptors on the cell surface with their ligands, which enables them to kill infected cells. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare expressions of selected activating and inhibitory receptors on stimulated NK cells in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Methods: PBMCs were analysed for activating (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46) and inhibitory (CD158a, CD158b, p70) receptor expressions in 30 HIV-1, 30 HIV-2 and 30 HIV uninfected healthy control (HC) subjects by flow cytometry after stimulating with K562 cells. Results: There was an expression of other receptors following an already in vitro engagement of NK cells with K562 cells. Higher expression of the activating receptors, NKp44 (p = 0.029) and NKp46 (p = 0.032) on NK cells from HIV-2 compared to HIV-1 infected individuals but similar NKp30 expression (p = 0.980). The levels of expression of inhibitory receptor CD158a were similar between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected subjects (p = 0.309) but there was significant up-regulation of inhibitory receptors p70 (p = 0.010) and CD158b (p = 0.05) in HIV-1 compared to HIV-2 subjects. Conclusion: Despite the in vitro engagement of NK cells with stimulating K562 cells, our data showed differential expressions of other selected activating and inhibitory receptors in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected subjects.

关键词： NK Cells HIV-1 HIV-2 IFN-γ CD4 T Cells

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中国HIV-1感染者病毒特异性细胞毒性T细胞定量研究

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首都医科大学学报 2006年第2期27卷 143-146页

作者：赵春惠徐克沂陈新月吴昊闫惠平张永宏伦文辉徐小宁 ndrew Mc Michael sarah rowland-jones 董涛首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院北京地坛医院英国牛津大学分子医学研究所

目的对8例HIV长期感染不进展(LTNP)及病程进展缓慢(SP)患者的病毒特异性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)特征进行研究。方法设立队列研究,从中随机选出8例患者(4例LTNPs,4例SP)。通过采用重叠肽技术组建HIV-1B亚型全序列肽段,组建成三维肽库进行ELIS... 详细信息

目的对8例HIV长期感染不进展(LTNP)及病程进展缓慢(SP)患者的病毒特异性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)特征进行研究。方法设立队列研究,从中随机选出8例患者(4例LTNPs,4例SP)。通过采用重叠肽技术组建HIV-1B亚型全序列肽段,组建成三维肽库进行ELISPOT分析8例患者的HIV-1特异性细胞免疫反应。结果在大多数患者中存在较强的T细胞反应,特别对HIV-1病毒的pol、gag、nef蛋白的免疫反应比其他蛋白强。结论病毒特异性CTL免疫反应在HIV-1 LTNPs有较强并且很广泛的反应,这对于有效抑制病毒在人体内的生存有可能起到很大的作用,很可能是这些LTNPs及SP病程进展缓慢的主要原因之一。

关键词：人类免疫缺陷病毒艾滋病病毒特异性细胞毒性T细胞 HIV-1长期感染不进展者

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Predictors of dominance rank and agonistic interactions in captive Livingstone's fruit bats

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 694-702页

作者： sarah Richdon Eluned Price Dominic Wormell Gareth jones Grainne McCabe School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK Bristol Zoological Society CliftonBristoiBS83HAUK Jersey Zoo La Profonde RueJerseyJE35BPUK

Male dominance hierarchies have been studied in many animals but rarely in bats(Chiroptera).The dominance rank of social animals may dictate access to resources and mates;therefore,it has important implications for an individual's fitness and is crucial for successful captive *** January and December 2018,at both Bristoi Zoo Gardens(Bristol,UK)and Jersey Zoo(Jersey,British Isles),we observed 19 male Livingstone's fruit bats Pteropus livingstonii using focal follows for 345 h overall,noting the outcome of all agonistic *** recorded instigators of interactions,along with winners and losers,and analyzed these data using the R-package"EloRating"to create Elo-rating temporal plots of dominance *** used generalized linear mixed models and multiple linear regression to analyze interaction data and test hypotheses regarding predictors of dominance rank,frequency of agonistic interaction,and choice of interaction *** was positively correlated with dominance rank up to around year 9,when an asymptote was *** ranked bats instigated the most agonistic interac-tions,and largely directed these interactions at bats with much lower rankings than *** were extremely stable throughout the data collection period at both *** conclude that Livingstone's fruit bats have a stable linear dominance hierarchy,with high-ranking,typ-ically older males instigating the most interactions with lowest ranking males to secure dominance *** study adds to the limited discourse on Pteropus social behaviors,indicating that some bat species may have social systems similar in complexity to some nonhuman primates.

关键词： bats Chiroptera captive Elo-rating social hierarchy

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康纳德·布莱克:传媒大亨沉浮记

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疯狂英语（初中天地） 2006年第4期 22-23页

作者： sarah rowland 丁薇

说到传媒大亨,康纳德·布莱克仅次于鲁珀特·默多克。他二十多岁时就开始收购加拿大的小报,到20世纪90年代时,他的企业集团霍林格国际公司控制了加拿大60％的报纸以及美国、英国、澳大利亚和以色列的几百份日报。

关键词：布莱克传媒大亨

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VETA:Visual eye-tracking analytics for the exploration of gaze patterns and behaviours

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Visual Informatics 2022年第2期6卷 1-13页

作者： sarah Goodwin Arnaud Prouzeau Ryan Whitelock-jones Christophe Hurter Lee Lawrence Umair Afzal Tim Dwyer Monash University ClaytonAustralia Inria&LaBRI(University of Bordeaux CNRSBordeaux-INP)BordeauxFrance ENAC UniversitédeToulouseToulouseFrance Swinburne University of Technology MelbourneAustralia

Eye tracking is growing in popularity for multiple application areas,yet analysing and exploring the large volume of complex data remains difficult for most *** present a comprehensive eye tracking visual analytics system to enable the exploration and presentation of eye-tracking data across time and space in an efficient *** application allows the user to gain an overview of general patterns and perform deep visual analysis of local gaze *** ability to link directly to the video of the underlying scene allows the visualisation insights to be verified on the *** system was motivated by the need to analyse eye-tracking data collected from an‘in the wild’study with energy network operators and has been further evaluated via interviews with 14 eye-tracking experts in multiple *** suggest that,thanks to state-of-the-art visualisation techniques and by providing context with videos,our system could enable an improved analysis of eye-tracking data through interactive exploration,facilitating comparison between different participants or conditions,thus enhancing the presentation of complex data analysis to *** research paper provides four contributions:(1)analysis of a motivational use case demonstrating the need for rich visual-analytics workflow tools for eye-tracking data;(2)a highly dynamic system to visually explore and present complex eye-tracking data;(3)insights from our applied use case evaluation and interviews with experienced users demonstrating the potential for the system and visual analytics for the wider eye-tracking community.

关键词： Eye tracking Visual analytics Spatial-temporal visualisation

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Impact of postoperative intravenous fluid administration on complications following elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 402-407页

作者： Daniel Martin Panagis M.Lykoudis Gabriel jones David Highton Alan Shaw sarah James Qiang Wei Giuseppe Fusai Division of Surgery&Interventional Science University College LondonGower StBloomsburyLondonWC1E 6BTUK Free Perioperative Research Group Royal Free HospitalPond stLondonNW3 2QGUK Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Royal Free HospitalPond stLondonNW3 2QGUK King’s College Hospital Denmark HillLondon SE5 9RSUK Neurocritical Care Unit the National Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryQueen SquareLondonWC1N 3BGUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine Keppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine79 Qingchun RoadHangzhou 310003China

Background: The impact of perioperative intravenous fluid administration on surgical outcomes has been documented in literature, but not specifically studied in the context of hepato-pancreato-biliary(HPB) surgery. This study aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative intravenous fluid administration on intensive care unit(ICU), in this subgroup of patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort of 241 HPB patients was assessed, focusing on intravenous fluid administration in ICU, during the first 24 h. Intravenous fluid variables were compared to hospital stay and postoperative complications. Data were assessed using Spearman's correlation test for bivariate correlations and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results: The median volume of intravenous fluid administered in the first 24 h postoperatively was 4380 mL, of which 2200 mL was crystalloid, 1500 mL colloid and 680 mL "other" fluid. Patients with one or more complications had a higher median total intravenous fluid input(4790 vs. 4300 mL), higher colloid volume(20 0 0 vs. 150 0 mL), lower urine output(1595 vs. 1900 mL) and greater overall fluid balance( + 3040 vs. + 2553 mL) than those without complications. There were correlations between total intravenous fluid volume administered( r = 0.278, P < 0.001), intravenous colloid input( r = 0.278, P < 0.001), urine output( r =-0.295, P < 0.001), positive fluid balance( r = 0.344, P < 0.001) and length of hospital stay. Logistic regression model was constructed to predict the occurrence of one or more complications; total intravenous fluid volume and overall fluid balance were both independent significant predictors(OR = 2.463, P = 0.007; OR = 1.001, P = 0.011; respectively). Conclusions: Administration of high volumes of intravenous fluids in the first 24 hours post-HPB surgery, along with higher positive fluid balance is associated with a higher rate of complications and longer hospital stay. Moreover, lower urine output is associated

关键词： Intravenous fluids Hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery Postoperative outcome

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Asian Music Industry-piracy and potential

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上海商业 2003年第6期 80-83页

作者： sarah jones

The musicindustry isexpanding rapidlyand promotion ofAsian music mustsurely be a potentialgoldmine, ready tobe explored.

关键词： been in as is were of

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Data Management Planning:How Requirements and Solutions are Beginning to Converge

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Data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 208-219,314,315,316页

作者： sarah jones Robert Pergl Rob Hooft Tomasz Miksa Robert Samors Judit Ungvari Rowena I.Davis Tina Lee Digital Curation Centre University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQScotlandUK Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Information Technology(FIT CTU)16000 Prague 6Czech Republic Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of SciencesCzech Republic Dutch Techcentre for Life Sciences Utrecht 3521 ALThe Netherlands Technische Universität Wien Wien 1040Austria Belmont Forum Western Australia WA 6105Australia

Effective stewardship of data is a critical precursor to making data *** goal of this paper is to bring an overview of current state of the art of data management and data stewardship planning solutions(DMP).We begin by arguing why data management is an important vehicle supporting adoption and implementation of the FAIR principles,we describe the background,context and historical development,as well as major driving forces,being research initiatives and *** we provide an overview of the current leading DMP tools in the form of a table presenting the key ***,we elaborate on emerging common standards for DMPs,especially the topic of machine-actionable *** sound DMP is not only a precursor of FAIR data stewardship,but also an integral part of it,we discuss its positioning in the emerging FAIR tools *** building and training activities are an important ingredient in the whole *** not being the primary goal of this paper,we touch also the topic of research workforce support,as tools can be just as much effective as their users are competent to use them *** conclude by discussing the relations of DMP to FAIR principles,as there are other important connections than just being a precursor.

关键词： FAIR Data management Data stewardship Machine-actionable DMP tools

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