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What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： sarah p f bonny Graham E Gardner David W pethick Jean-franois Hocquette School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artificial meat in vitro meat meat industry consumer satisfaction sustainable production

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Educated consumers don't believe artificial meat is the solution to the problems with the meat industry

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 273-284页

作者： Aurélie Hocquette Carla Lambert Clémentine Sinquin Laure peterolff Zoé Wagner sarah p f bonny André Lebert Jean-franois Hocquette france Business School (fBS) 4 Boulevard Trudaine Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63037 France Clermont Université Polytech 24 avenue des Landais Aubière Cedex 61177 France School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les Herbivores Saint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les Herbivores Saint Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The production of in vitro meat by cell culture has been suggested by some scientists as one solution to address the major challenges facing our society. firstly, consumers would like the meat industry to reduce potential discomfort of animals on modern farms, or even to avoid killing animals to eat them. Secondly, citizens would like meat producers to reduce potential environmental deterioration by livestock and finally, there is a need to reduce world hunger by increasing protein resources while the global population is predicted to grow rapidly. According to its promoters, artificial meat has a potential to make eating animals unnecessary, to reduce carbon footprint of meat production and to satisfy all the nutritional needs and desires of consumers and citizens. To check these assumptions, a total of 817 educated people（mainly scientists and students） were interviewed worldwide by internet in addition to 865 french educated people. We also interviewed 208 persons（mainly scientists） after an oral presentation regarding artificial meat. Results of the three surveys were similar, but differed between males and females. More than half of the respondents believed that ＂artificial meat＂ was feasible and realistic. However, there was no majority to think that artificial meat will be healthy and tasty, except respondents who were in favour of artificial meat. A large majority of the respondents believed that the meat industry is facing important problems related to the protection of the environment, animal welfare or inefficient meat production to feed humanity. However, respondents did not believe that artificial meat will be the solution to solve the mentioned problems with the meat industry, especially respondents who were against artificial meat. The vast majority of consumers wished to continue to eat meat even they would accept to consume less meat in a context of increasing food needs. Only a minority of respondents（from 5 to 11%） would recommend or accept to eat

关键词： meat production artificial meat consumers' responses

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Update of Meat Standards Australia and the cuts based grading scheme for beef and sheepmeat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1641-1654页

作者： sarah p.f.bonny Rachel A.O'Reilly David W.pethick Graham E.Gardner Jean-francois Hocquette Liselotte pannier School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Clermont Université INRAVetAgro SupUMR1213Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genes Champanelle F-63122France

Changing markets and evolving consumer demand present new challenges for the beef and sheep industries. In response, the industry has been investing in innovations to deliver new products and management systems to consumers. One such innovation is the Meat Standards Australia（MSA） system. This system is a Total Quality Management System, aimed at delivering an eating quality guarantee to consumers, and through this adding value to the entire supply chain. At present, it is well developed for beef and still evolving for sheepmeat. MSA has identified Critical Control points（CCps） in the production, pre-slaughter, processing and value-adding aspects of the supply chain that impact on consumer palatability through the large-scale taste testing of meat by untrained consumers. These CCps are used as either（1） mandatory criteria determining eligibility for grading, and（2） inputs in a model predicting the palatability of individual combinations of muscle and different cooking methods. Through the prediction of palatability, MSA increases consumer satisfaction and is used to provide assurance for branded products and new marketing innovations in Australia and internationally. This has added significant value to the Australian beef industry, with several retail examples demonstrating consumer willingness to pay more for premium quality beef and sheepmeat products based on the MSA grading scores. This price differential at retail allows the value of the carcass to be calculated based on the eating quality as well as the volume produced, thereby delivering a financial reward for farmers producing high quality carcasses. The continuous quality scale of MSA allows producers to realise the financial gain of incremental improvements in quality, as well as the precise economic weights associated with traits such as marbling, ossification score, or breed. The use of MSA in this fashion has underpinned a new and innovative supply chain where the pricing is transparent and allows produ

关键词： eating quality consumer beef sheep Meat Standards Australia international cut

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Multifunctional feCo-Graphitic Carbon Nanocrystals for Combined Imaging, Drug Delivery and Tumor-Specific photothermal Therapy in Mice

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Nano Research 2011年第12期4卷 1248-1260页

作者： sarah p. Sherlock Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

Ultrasmall feCo-graphitic carbon shell nanocrystals （feCo/GC） are promising multifunctional materials capable of highly efficient drug delivery in vitro and magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. In this work, we demonstrate the use of feCo/GC for highly effective cancer therapy through combined drug delivery, tumor-selective near-infrared photothermal therapy, and cancer imaging of a 4T1 syngeneic breast cancer model. The graphitic carbon shell of the ~4 nm feCo/GC readily loads doxorubicin （DOX） via π-π stacking and absorbs near-infrared light giving photothermal heating. When used for cancer treatment, intravenously administrated feCo/GC-DOX led to complete tumor regression in 45% of mice when combined with 20 min of near-infrared laser irradiation selectively heating the tumor to 43-45 ℃. In addition, the use of feCo/GC-DOX results in reduced systemic toxicity compared with free DOX and appears to be safe in mice monitored for over 1 yr. feCo/GC-DOX is shown to be a highly integrated nanoparticle system for synergistic cancer therapy leading to tumor regression of a highly aggressive tumor model.

关键词： Nanocrystals photothermal therapy doxorubicin hyperthermia magnetic resonance imaging

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Geoengineering Research Moves from Laboratory to field

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 3-5页

作者： sarah C.p.Williams Senior Technology Writer

In March 2023,a converted bomber took off from Eielson Air force Base in Alaska,USA,carrying a payload of delicate scientific instruments(fig.1).Operated by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),the flight aimed to collect a plethora of information about the Earth’s *** exploration sounds routine,but the mission’s goal is unusual for a government entity:to inform policy decisions surrounding large-scale,deliberate interventions to alter the stratosphere for climate change mitigation[1].The approach of deflecting sunlight to cool the planet,called solar radiation management or solar geoengineering,was long considered a fringe *** with recent funding and attention from government agencies like NOAA,the approach is moving mainstream.

关键词： Earth planet payload

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Leveraging ROTI map derived from Indonesian GNSS receiver network for advancing study of Equatorial plasma Bubble in Southeast/East Asia

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Earth and planetary physics 2025年第1期9卷 101-116页

作者： prayitno Abadi Ihsan N.Muafiry Teguh N.pratama Angga Y.putra Suraina Gatot H.pramono Sidik T.Wibowo febrylian f.Chabibi Umar A.Ahmad Wildan p.Tresna Asnawi Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia School of Electrical Engineering Telkom UniversityBandungIndonesia Directorate of Laboratory Management facilities and Science and Technology park Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)PontianakIndonesia Geophysics Laboratory Master Program in PhysicsUniversitas Gadjah Mada(UGM)YogyakartaIndonesia Research Center for Space Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)BandungIndonesia Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG) JakartaIndonesia Research Center for photonics Indonesian National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Tangerang SelatanIndonesia Department of Earth and planetary Sciences Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial plasma Bubble(EpB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EpB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning *** by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude ***-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EpB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast *** provide a practical tool for EpB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this *** generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific *** preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are ***,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EpB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther ***,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East *** have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,*** observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities *** sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EpB studies,enhancing the understanding of EpB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionosphe

关键词： Equatorial plasma Bubble(EpB) GNSS receivers’network Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS) ionospheric map Rate of TEC change index(ROTI)map

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first pig-to-Live Human Xenotransplant produces Mixed Results

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 6-8页

作者： sarah C.p.Williams 无

On 7 January 2022,a 57-year-old man with terminal heart disease became the first living human to receive a genetically modified pig organ—a heart—transplanted into his chest during a 8 h surgery at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore,MD,USA(fig.1)[1].The pig heart,provided by the biotechnology company Revivicor(Blacksburg,VA,USA),had ten gene modifications intended to boost the chances of a successful pig-to-human transplant.

关键词： Maryland Human boost

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CO_2 adsorption using TiO_2 composite polymeric membranes:A kinetic study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第9期27卷 163-171页

作者： sarah Hafeez X.fan Arshad Hussain C.f.Martín School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) National University of Sciences & Technology Institute for Materials and processes School of Engineering University of Edinburgh University of Aberdeen School of Engineering Fraser Noble Building King's College

CO2is the main greenhouse gas which causes global climatic changes on larger scale. Many techniques have been utilised to capture CO2. Membrane gas separation is a fast growing CO2 capture technique, particularly gas separation by composite membranes. The separation of CO2 by a membrane is not just a process to physically sieve out of CO2 through the controlled membrane pore size. It mainly depends upon diffusion and solubility of gases, particularly for composite dense membranes. The blended components in composite membranes have a high capability to adsorb CO2. The adsorption kinetics of the gases may directly affect diffusion and solubility. In this study, we have investigated the adsorption behaviour of CO2 in pure and composite membranes to explore the complete understanding of diffusion and solubility of CO2 through membranes. pure cellulose acetate（CA） and cellulose acetatetitania nanoparticle（CA-TiO2） composite membranes were fabricated and characterised using SEM and fTIR analysis. The results indicated that the blended CA-TiO2 membrane adsorbed more quantity of CO2 gas as compared to pure CA membrane. The high CO2 adsorption capacity may enhance the diffusion and solubility of CO2 in the CA-TiO2 composite membrane, which results in a better CO2 separation. The experimental data was modelled by pseudo first-order, pseudo second order and intra particle diffusion *** to correlation factor R2, the pseudo second order model was fitted well with experimental data. The intra particle diffusion model revealed that adsorption in dense membranes was not solely consisting of intra particle diffusion.

关键词： Global warming Cellulose acetate Gas adsorption pseudo order models CO2 Ti O2

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Comparative analysis of the biodiversity of fungal endophytes in insect-induced galls and surrounding foliar tissue

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fungal Diversity 2014年第3期66卷 89-97页

作者： sarah p.Lawson Natalie Christian patrick Abbot Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Department of Biology Indiana University1001 E.3rd St.BloomingtonIN 47405-7005USA

Insect-induced galls are abnormal plant growths that can provide food and shelter to their inhabitants,resulting in stressed plant tissue that may alter the conditions for the colonization or proliferation of endophytic *** investigated the effect gall formation has on fungal endophyte communities and *** three closely-related gallforming aphid species that specialize on poplars,we characterized fungal endophyte diversity in galls and surrounding petiole and leaf lamina tissue.A total of 516 fungal endophyte samples were isolated from 272 tissue samples(32 leaves,31 petioles,and 209 galls),resulting in 23 distinct *** sharing a common host plant and often forming spatially contiguous galls,the endophyte profiles within the galls of each aphid species were distinct,not only from the galls of the other species,but also from surrounding plant *** results suggest that insect galls can affect the composition of fungal endophyte species in plant tissues,by altering either the colonization or proliferation of their endophytic ***,fungal endophytes may be important in the ecology and evolution of insect galls.

关键词： Insect-induced galls fungal endophytes fungal endophyte-insect interactions pemphigus aphids poplar trees

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Chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from horses using a magnetic 3D cell culture system

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第6期13卷 645-658页

作者： Joice fülber fernanda R Agreste sarah R T Seidel Eric D p Sotelo Ângela p Barbosa Yara M Michelacci Raquel Y A Baccarin Departamento de Clínica Médica Medicina Veterinária e ZootecniaUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 05506-270Brazil Departamento de Bioquímica Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo 04044-020Brazil

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)represent a promising therapy for the treatment of equine joint diseases,studied due to their possible immunomodulatory characteristics and regenerative ***,the source of most suitable MSCs for producing cartilage for regenerative processes in conjunction with biomaterials for an enhanced function is yet to be *** To compare the chondrogenicity of MSCs derived from synovial fluid,bone marrow,and adipose tissue of horses,using the aggrecan *** MSCs from ten horses were cultured,phenotypic characterization was done with antibodies CD90,CD44 and CD34 and were differentiated into *** 3D cell culture system in which biocompatible nanoparticles consisting of gold,iron oxide,and poly-L-lysine were added to the cells,and they were forced by magnets to form one *** microspheroids were exposed to a commercial culture medium for 4 d,7 d,14 d,and 21 *** extraction was performed,and aggrecan was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** sulfate and aggrecan in the microspheroids were identified and localized by *** All cultured cells showed fibroblast-like appearance,the ability to adhere to the plastic surface,and were positive for CD44 and CD90,thus confirming the characteristics and morphology of *** soluble protein concentrations were higher in the microspheroids derived from adipose *** aggrecan concentration and the ratio of aggrecan to soluble proteins were higher in microspheroids derived from synovial fluid than in those derived from bone marrow,thereby showing chondrogenic *** from all sources expressed aggrecan and keratan sulfate when observed using confocal immunofluorescence *** sources of MSCs can synthesize aggrecan,however,MSCs from synovial fluid and adipose tissue have demonstrated better biocompatibility in a 3D environment,thus suggesting chondrogenic superiority

关键词： Cellular therapy Chondrocytes Aggrecan Keratan sulfate

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