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Neural plasticity and adult neurogenesis: the deep biology perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 201-205页

作者： Anna maria Colangelo Giovanni Cirillo Lilia Alberghina Michele Papa Hans V.Westerhoff Laboratory of Neuroscience "R.Levi-Montalcini" Dept.of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano-Bicocca SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology University of Milano-Bicocca NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience University of Milano-Bicocca Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Network Department of Public Medicine University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization University of Amsterdam Molecular Cell Physiology VU University Amsterdam and Infrastructure Systems Biology at NL (ISBE.NL) Amsterdam NL and Systems Biology School for Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science University of Manchester

The recognition that neurogenesis does not stop with adolescence has spun off research towards the reduction of brain disorders by enhancing brain regeneration. Adult neurogenesis is one of the tougher problems of developmental biology as it requires the generation of complex intracellular and pericellular anatomies, amidst the danger of neuroinflammation. We here review how a multitude of regulatory pathways optimized for early neurogenesis has to be revamped into a new choreography of time dependencies. Distinct pathways need to be regulated, ranging from neural growth factor induced differentiation to mitochondrial bioenergetics, reactive oxygen metabolism, and apoptosis. Requiring much Gibbs energy consumption, brain depends on aerobic energy metabolism, hence on mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial fission and fusion, movement and perhaps even mitoptosis, thereby come into play. All these network processes are interlinked and involve a plethora of molecules. We recommend a deep thinking approach to adult neurobiology.

关键词： neurogenesis adult brain neuroregeneration neuron differentiation nerve growth factor energy homeostasis mitochondria deep biology systems biology

The interplay of nurse and target plant traits influences magnitude and direction of facilitative interactions under different combinations of stress and disturbance intensities in Andean dry grassland

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第3期9卷 296-310页

作者： Andrea Catorci Luca Malatesta Jose Luis Velasquez Federico maria Tardella Horacio Zeballos School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerinovia Pontoni 5CamerinoMCItaly School of Advanced Studies PhD Course in Environmental Sciences and Public Health University of Camerinovia Lili 55CamerinoMCItaly Centro de Estudios y Promoción del desarrollo(desco) Málaga Grenet 678ArequipaPeru Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza Territorio Yenergia RenovablesPontificia Universidad Católica del Perù.Av.Universitaria 1801San Miguel 32LimaPerù

Aims Facilitation is a key process in vegetation dynamics,driving the response to natural and anthropogenic *** harsh-grazed systems,palatable plants mainly survive when nested under unpalatable tussocks and *** magnitude and direction of positive interactions are driven by resource availability,extent of herbivory and type of nurse *** hypothesized that different combinations of disturbance and environmental stress affect community composition in the dry Puna(southern Peruvian Andes)by modifying nurse types and plant interactions in magnitude and specific *** investigated whether different combinations of stress and disturbance influence species richness,type and frequency of occurrence of nurse and beneficiary species and magnitude and patterns of plant interactions;whether nurse species influence these interactions and target species change their interactions under different combinations of stress and disturbance and whether plant functional traits differ in the studied communities and influence the pattern of spatial *** We selected three plant communities subject to different precipitation and management regimes:in each we laid a number of transects proportional to its *** collected include species presence/absence,type of spatial interactions with nurse species and functional *** calculated species richness and rarefaction patterns,described the patterns of plant-plant spatial interactions and investigated the associations between nurse and other species in the three communities using indicator species analysis(ISA).We performed ISA and correlation analysis to investigate whether plant functional traits influenced facilitative *** Findings We found that different combinations of stress and disturbance shaped a complex set of responses,including changes in the nurse species *** composition influenced magnitude and direction of plant interactions under different stress

关键词： dry Puna facilitation functional traits nurse and beneficiary species species-specific interaction stress-gradient hypothesis

Functional Analysis of Semi-conserved Transit Peptide Motifs and Mechanistic Implications in Precursor Targeting and Recognition

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Molecular Plant 2016年第9期9卷 1286-1301页

作者： Kristen Holbrook Chitra Subramanian Prakitchai Chotewutmontri L. Evan Reddick sarah Wright Huixia Zhang Lily Moncrief Barry D. Bruce department of Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program in Plant Physiology and Genetics Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology department of Botany department of BotanyUniversity of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Present address: department of Infectious Disease St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA Present address: Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA present address: department of Microbiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas TX 75390 USA Present address: Albert R. Mann Library Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA present address: U.S. Food and Drug Administration 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Silver Spring MD 20993 USA

Over 95% of plastid proteins are nuclear-encoded as their precursors containing an N-terminal extension known as the transit peptide （TP）. Although highly variable, TPs direct the precursors through a conserved, posttranslational mechanism involving translocons in the outer （TOC） and inner envelope （TOC）. The organelle import specificity is mediated by one or more components of the Toc complex. However, the high TP diversity creates a paradox on how the sequences can be specifically recognized. An emerging model of TP design is that they contain multiple loosely conserved motifs that are recognized at different steps in the targeting and transport process. Bioinformatics has demonstrated that many TPs contain semiconserved physicochemical motifs, termed FGLK. In order to characterize FGLK motifs in TP recognition and import, we have analyzed two well-studied TPs from the precursor of RuBisCO small subunit （SStp） and ferredoxin （Fdtp）. Both SStp and Fdtp contain two FGLK motifs. Analysis of large set mutations （-85） in these two motifs using in vitro, in organello, and in vivo approaches support a model in which the FGLK domains mediate interaction with TOC34 and possibly other TOC components. In vivo import analysis suggests that multiple FGLK motifs are functionally redundant. Furthermore, we discuss how FGLK motifs are required for efficient precursor protein import and how these elements may permit a convergent function of this highly variable class of targeting sequences.

关键词： chloroplast biology protein translocation Toc34 transit peptide cell biology

Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第30期27卷 4999-5018页

作者： Eleni Rebelos Patricia Iozzo maria Angela Guzzardi Maurizia Rossana Brunetto Ferruccio Bonino Turku PET Centre University of TurkuTurku 20500Finland Institute of Clinical Physiology National Research CouncilPisa 56124Italy Hepatology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Pathology of Hepatitis Pisa University HospitalPisa 56121Italy department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of PisaPisa 56121Italy Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging National Research CouncilNapoli 80145Italy

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),formerly named“nonalcoholic fatty liver disease”occurs in about one-third of the general population of developed countries worldwide and behaves as a major morbidity and mortality risk factor for major causes of death,such as cardio-vascular,digestive,metabolic,neoplastic and neuro-degenerative ***,progression of MAFLD and its associated systemic complications occur almost invariably in patients who experience the additional burden of intrahepatic and/or systemic inflammation,which acts as disease *** review is focused on the new knowledge about the brain-gut-liver axis in the context of metabolic dysregulations associated with fatty liver,where insulin resistance has been assumed to play an important *** emphasis has been given to digital imaging studies and in particular to positron emission tomography,as it represents a unique opportunity for the noninvasive in vivo study of tissue *** exhaustive revision of targeted animal models is also provided in order to clarify what the available preclinical evidence suggests for the causal interactions between fatty liver,dysregulated endogenous glucose production and insulin resistance.

关键词： Metabolic associated fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Endogenous glucose production Insulin resistance Steatohepatitis Inflammation

爆炸分离冲击仿真分析以及冲击响应谱低频调节试验方法

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环境技术 2024年第1期42卷 54-61页

作者：全鑫宁薇薇王得旗天津航天瑞莱科技有限公司绵阳621000

本文介绍了爆炸分离冲击试验工程中所遇到的问题以及对试验件造成的影响,通过分析级间分离实测数据与工程试验测试数据的差别,找出优化试验系统的方法。通过仿真软件对2种火工爆炸分离冲击环境模型进行数值模拟,对2种仿真试验结果进行... 详细信息

本文介绍了爆炸分离冲击试验工程中所遇到的问题以及对试验件造成的影响,通过分析级间分离实测数据与工程试验测试数据的差别,找出优化试验系统的方法。通过仿真软件对2种火工爆炸分离冲击环境模型进行数值模拟,对2种仿真试验结果进行比对。试验结果表明通过增加试验系统的配重质量,可以有效降低爆炸分离冲击响应谱的低频量级,以达到试验控制的目的,能有效、真实地模拟级间分离的爆炸冲击环境。

关键词：爆炸分离冲击试验仿真分析低频量级方法试验结果

Cardiovascular risk after orthotopic liver transplantation, a review of the literature and preliminary results of a prospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第40期22卷 8869-8882页

作者： Giuseppina Pisano Anna L Fracanzani Lucio Caccamo maria F Donato Silvia Fargion Unit of Internal Medicine Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Ca’ Granda IRCCS Foundation Policlinico Hospital University of Milan Unit of Hepatic Surgery Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Ca’ Granda IRCCS Foundation Policlinico Hospital University of Milan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Ca’ Granda IRCCS Foundation Policlinico Hospital University of Milan

Improved surgical techniques and greater efficacy of new anti-rejection drugs have significantly improved the survival of patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT). This has led to an increased incidence of metabolic disorders as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as causes of morbidity and mortality in OLT patients. In the last decade, several studies have examined which predisposing factors lead to increased cardiovascular risk(i.e., age, ethnicity, diabetes, NASH, atrial fibrillation, and some echocardiographic parameters) as well as which factors after OLT(i.e., weight gain, metabolic syndrome, immunosuppressive therapy, and renal failure) are linked to increased cardiovascular mortality. However, currently, there are no available data that evaluate the development of atherosclerotic damage after OLT. The awareness of high cardiovascular risk after OLT has not only lead to the definition of new but generally not accepted screening of high risk patients before transplantation, but also to the need for careful patient follow up and treatment to control metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies after transplant. Prospective studies are needed to better define the predisposing factors for recurrence and de novo occurrence of metabolic alterations responsible for cardiovascular damage after OLT. Moreover, such studies will help to identify the timing of disease progression and damage,which in turn may help to prevent morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular diseases. Our preliminary results show early occurrence of atherosclerotic damage, which is already present a few weeks following OLT, suggesting that specific, patient-tailored therapies should be started immediately post OLT.

关键词： Orthotopic liver transplant Cardiovascular risk Atherosclerosis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Intima-media thickness Epicardial fat thickness Diastolic dysfunction

Early osmotic adjustment responses in drought-resistant and drought-sensitive oilseed rape

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第8期56卷 797-809页

作者： sarah Hatzig L.Irina Zaharia Suzanne Abrams Marie Hohmann Laurie Legoahec Alain Bouchereau Nathalie Nesi Rod J.Snowdon department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University National Research Council of Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan UMR 1349 INRA-AgroCampus Ouest-Université de Rennes 1 Joint Laboratory for Genetics Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP) Bat.301 BP 35327 35653 Le Rheu Cedex France

The impact of osmotic stress on growth, physiolo- gy, and metabolism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） was investigated by detailed analysis of biomass traits, hormone metabolites and osmolytes in two genetically unrelated drought-tolerant genotypes and two unrelated drought-sensitive genotypes. Seedlings were grown in vitro under controlled conditions and osmotic stress was simulated by applying a gradual treatment with polyethylene glycol （PEG 6ooo）, followed by hypo-osmotic treatment of variants used for metabolite determination. The results provide a basis for the identification of reliable selection criteria for drought resistance in oilseed rape. The in vitro cultivation system established during this study enabled effective discrimination of early osmotic stress responses between drought-resistant and -susceptible oilseed rape genotypes that also show large differences in relative seed yield under drought conditions in the field. Clear physiological and metabolic differences wereobserved between the drought-resistant and drought-sensitive genotypes, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is a key component of drought response in oilseed rape. Unexpected- ly, however, the drought-resistant genotypes did not show typical hormonal adjustment and osmolyte accumulation, suggesting that they possess alternative physiological mech- anisms enabling avoidance of stress symptoms.

关键词： Abscisic acid Brassica napus drought hormones metabolites

The Utilization of Low Frequency Raman Spectra of Gases for the Study of Molecules with Large Amplitude Vibration

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光散射学报 2009年第3期21卷 201-215页

作者： James R.Durig sarah Xiao-hua Zhou Joshua Klaassen Arindam Ganguly University of Missouri-Kansas City

The utilization of the Raman spectra of the low frequency bending mode for three quasi-linear molecules: disiloxane,(SiH3)2O;methylisocyanate,CH3NCO;and dimethylisocyanate,(CH3)2SiHNCO for observing the low frequency anharmonic bending vibration is demonstrated which is superior to the corresponding far infrared *** the observed frequencies from the Raman spectra the potential function governing the heavy atom motion to linearity has been obtained from which the barrier has been *** experimental values are compared to the ab initio predicted *** low frequency Raman spectra of the ring puckering vibration of chlorocyclobutane,c-C4H7Cl,bromocyclobutane,c-C4H7Br,and aminocyclobutane,c-C4H7NH2,have been utilized to obtain the potential function governing the ring inversion for these *** determined barriers to planarity are compared to those obtained from MP2(full) ab initio and density functional theory B3LYP calculations by utilizing a variety of basis *** all of these studies it is shown that the Raman spectra are superior to the infrared spectra for determining the frequencies of the excited state transitions.

关键词：硅氧烷远红外光谱拉曼光谱密度泛函理论

Individualization of chronic hepatitis C treatment according to the host characteristics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第11期20卷 2839-2853页

作者： Nikolaos K Gatselis Kalliopi Zachou Asterios Saitis maria Samara George N Dalekos department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of Thessaly41110 LarissaGreece department of Pathology School of MedicineUniversity of Thessaly41110 LarissaGreece

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is a global health problem that affects more than 170 million people *** is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,making the virus the most common cause of liver failure and *** standardof-care treatment for chronic hepatitis C(CHC)has been changed during the last decade and direct acting antiviral drugs have already been ***,understanding of the pathogenesis of CHC has evolved rapidly during the last years and now several host factors are known to affect the natural history and response to *** genome-wide association studies have shown the important role of interleukin-28B and inosine triphosphatase in HCV *** present review article attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the role of host factors towards individualization of HCV treatment.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus host factors Interleukin 28B Inosine triphosphatase Single nucleotide polymorphism