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Ethical decision-making in older drivers during critical driving situations: An online experiment

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第1期7卷 30-37页

作者： Amandeep Singh sarah Yahoodik Yovela Murzello Samuel Petkac Yusuke Yamani Siby Samuel Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Department of Psychology Old Dominion UniversityNorfolk 23529USA

The present study examined the impact of aging on ethical decision-making in simulated critical driving scenarios.204 participants from North America,grouped into two age groups(18–30 years and 65 years and above),were asked to decide whether their simulated automated vehicle should stay in or change from the current lane in scenarios mimicking the Trolley *** participant viewed a video clip rendered by the driving simulator at Old Dominion University and pressed the space-bar if they decided to intervene in the control of the simulated automated vehicle in an online *** hierarchical models were used to analyze participants’responses,response time,and acceptability of utilitarian ethical *** results showed significant pedestrian placement,age,and time-to-collision(TTC)effects on participants’ethical *** pedestrians were in the right lane,participants were more likely to switch lanes,indicating a utilitarian approach prioritizing pedestrian *** participants were more likely to switch lanes in general compared to older *** results imply that older drivers can maintain their ability to respond to ethically fraught scenarios with their tendency to switch lanes more frequently than younger counterparts,even when the tasks interacting with an automated driving *** current findings may inform the development of decision algorithms for intelligent and connected vehicles by considering potential ethical dilemmas faced by human drivers across different age groups.

关键词： ethical decision making age-differences utilitarianism moral dilemmas driver behavior simulated driving bayesian hierarchical model

Probing the Galactic Halo with RR lyrae Stars. VI. The Radial Velocity Curve Templates of RRc Stars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 121-137页

作者： Yue Huang Min Fang Gaochao liu Xianzhong Zheng sarah Ann Bird Yang Huang Jianrong Shi Jiangtao Wang Huawei Zhang Haijun Tian Haotong Zhang College of Science China Three Gorges University Center for Astronomy and Space Sciences China Three Gorges University Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking University Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University School of Sciences Hangzhou Dianzi University

We present radial velocity（RV） curve templates of RR lyrae first-overtone（RRc） stars constructed with the Mg I b triplet and Hα lines using time-domain Medium-Resolution Survey spectra of seven RRc stars from large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（lAMOST） Data Release 9. Additionally, we derive the relation between the stellar RV curve amplitudes and g-band light curve amplitudes from Zwicky Transient Facility（ZTF）public survey. For those RRc stars without ZTF g-band light curves, we provide the conversions from the light curve amplitudes in ZTF r-and i-bands, Gaia G-band, and V-band from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae to those in ZTF g-band. We validate our RV curve templates using the RRc star SV Scl and find the uncertainties of systemic RV are less than 2.11 km s-1and 6.08 km s-1based on the Mg I b triplet and Hα lines,respectively. We calculate the systemic RVs of 30 RRc stars using the RV curve templates constructed with the Mg I b triplet and Hα lines and find the systemic RVs are comparable with each other. This RV curve template will be particularly useful for obtaining the systemic RV of RRc using the lAMOST spectroscopy.

关键词： Stars stars: variables: RR lyrae techniques: radial velocities

Protein-S-100-beta is increased in patients with decompensated cirrhosis admitted to ICU

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 222-230页

作者： Nicolas Weiss Simona Tripon Maxime Mallet Françoise Imbert-Bismut Mehdi Sakka Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot Philippe Sultanik sarah Mouri Marika Rudler Dominique Thabut Sorbonne Université AP-HP.Sorbonne UniversitéHôpital de la Pitié-SalpêtrièreDépartement de NeurologieUnitéde Médecine Intensive RéanimationàOrientation NeurologiqueParisFrance Brain liver Pitié-Salpêtrière(BlIPS)Study Group INSERM UMR_S 938Centre de recherche Saint-AntoineMaladies métaboliquesBiliaires et Fibro-Inflammatoire du FoieInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition(ICAN)ParisFrance Groupe de Recherche Clinique en REanimation et Soins intensifs du Patient en Insuffisance Respiratoire aiguE(GRC-RESPIRE)Sorbonne Université ParisFrance Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP.Sorbonne UniversitéHôpital de la Pitié-SalpêtrièreService d'hépato-GastroentérologieUnitéde Soins Intensifs d'HépatologieParisFrance Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP.Sorbonne UniversitéService de Biochimie MétaboliqueHôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles FoixDMU BioGeMParis F-75013France UniversitéParis Cité UFR de PharmacieCNRSInsermUTCBSParisFrance

Background Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is highly prevalent in patients with liver *** pathophysiology of HE is centered on the synergic role of hyperammonemia and systemic ***,some data suggest altered functioning of the blood–brain barrier(BBB).Assessing BBB function is challenging in clinical practice and at the ***-S-100 Beta(PS100-Beta)could be a useful peripheral marker of BBB permeability in *** study aimed to assess plasmatic PS100-Beta levels in a prospective cohort of patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)with decompensated cirrhosis with and without overt *** We retrospectively evaluated a prospective cohort of cirrhotic patients admitted to the ICU from October 2013 to September 2015 that had an available plasmatic PS100-Beta *** with previous neurological impairment or limitation of intensive or resuscitative measures were *** HE was defined as West-Haven grades 2 to *** patients were compared to a control cohort of outpatient clinic cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients explored for isolated elevation of liver *** ICU discharge,the patients were followed for at least 3 months for the occurrence of overt *** outcomes(liver transplantation or death)were *** ability of PS100-Beta–in combination with other factors–to predict overt HE was evaluated in a multivariate analysis using logistic *** ratios were used to determine the effects and calculate odds ratios(OR).Survival analysis was performed by using the Kaplan–Meier method and survival between groups was compared using a log-rank *** A total of 194 ICU patients and 207 outpatients were included in the *** levels of plasmatic PS100-Beta were detected in the ICU decompensated cirrhotic patients compared with the outpatients([0.15±0.01]mg/l vs.[0.08±0]mg/l,Plevels of PS100-Beta([0.19±0.03]mg/l)compared with the

关键词： Cirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy Blood-brain barrier PS100-Beta liver disease

Towards an actionable One Health approach

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-6页

作者： Zhang Xiao-Xi lederman Zohar Han le-Fei Schurer Janna M. Xiao li-Hua Zhang Zhi-Bing Chen Qiu-lan Pfeiffer Dirk Ward Michael P. Sripa Banchob Gabri?l sarah Dhama Kuldeep Acharya Krishna Prasad Robertson lucy J. Deem Sharon l. Aenishaenslin Cécile Dantas-Torres Filipe Otranto Domenico Grace Delia Wang Yang li Peng Fu Chao Poeta Patrícia Rahman Md. Tanvir Kassegne Kokouvi Zhu Yong-Zhang Yin Kun liu Jiming Wang Zhao-Jun Guo Xiao-Kui Gong Wen-Feng Schwartl?nder Bernhard Ren Ming-Hui Zhou Xiao-Nong School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Institute of One Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People’s Republic of China Medical Ethics and Humanities Unit Hong Kong University Hong Kong People’s Republic of China Center for One Health University of Global Health Equity Butaro Rwanda College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Guangzhou People’s Republic of China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan University Haikou Hainan People’s Republic of China Branch of animal and vector-borne diseases Division of Infectious Disease Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing People’s Republic of China Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR People’s Republic of China Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences Royal Veterinary College London United Kingdom Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden Australia Tropical Disease Research Center Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses Department of translational physiology infectiology and public health Chair Faculty Committee on Internationalisation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India Department of livestock Services Animal Quarantine Office-Kathmandu Budhanilkantha Kathmandu Nepal Parasitology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences ?s Norway One Government Drive Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine St. Louis USA Groupe de Recherche en épidémi

Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest *** text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One Health *** By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One Health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One Health.

关键词： One Health Global Health One Health Action Commission Research agenda

Microbial community coalescence and nitrogen cycling in simulated mortality decomposition hotspots

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Ecological Processes 2023年第3期12卷 172-188页

作者： sarah W.Keenan Alexandra l.Emmons Jennifer M.DeBruyn Department of Geology and Geological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Department of Anthropology University of Tennessee Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee

Background The pulsed introduction of dead plant and animal material into soils represents one of the primary mechanisms for returning organic carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) compounds to biogeochemical cycles. Decomposition of animal carcasses provides a high C and N resource that stimulates indigenous environmental microbial communities and introduces non-indigenous, carcass-derived microbes to the environment. However, the dynamics of the coalesced microbial communities, and the relative contributions of environment-and carcass-derived microbes to C and N cycling are unknown. To test whether environment-derived, carcass-derived, or the combined microbial communities exhibited a greater influence on C and N cycling, we conducted controlled laboratory experiments that combined carcass decomposition fluids and soils to simulate carcass decomposition hotspots. We selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities and create different combinations of environment-and carcass-derived communities and incubated the treatments under three temperatures(10, 20, and 30 ℃).Results Carcass-derived bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios, albeit at low abundances. Mixed communities had higher respiration rates at 10 and 30 ℃ compared to soil or carcass communities alone. Interestingly, at higher temperatures, mixed communities had reduced diversity, but higher respiration, suggesting functional redundancy. Mixed communities treatments also provided evidence that carcass-associated microbes may be contributing to ammonification and denitrification, but that nitrification is still primarily carried out by native soil *** Our work yields insight into the dynamics of microbial communities that are coalescing during carcass decomposition, and how they contribute to recycling carcasses in terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carcass decomposition Microcosm Nitrogen Carbon Biogeochemical cycling Coalescence

TDP-43 dysregulation and neuromuscular junction disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 46-69页

作者： sarah lépine Maria José Castellanos-Montiel Thomas Martin Durcan The Neuro’s Early Drug Discovery Unit(EDDU) Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological Institute-HospitalMcGill University3801 University StreetMontrealQC H3A 2B4Canada Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University3605 De La MontagneMontrealQC H3G 2M1Canada

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(AlS)is a disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron(MN)loss with a signature feature of cytoplasmic aggregates containing TDP-43,which are detected in nearly all *** in the gene that encodes TDP-43(TARBDP)are known to result in both familial and sporadic *** AlS,disruption of neuro-muscular junctions(NMJs)constitutes a critical event in disease pathogenesis,leading to denervation atrophy,motor impairments and *** defects and impaired synaptic transmission at NMJs have been reported in several TDP-43 animal models and in vitro,linking TDP-43 dysregulation to the loss of NMJ integrity in *** the lens of the dying-back and dying-forward hypotheses of AlS,this review discusses the roles of TDP-43 related to synaptic function,with a focus on the potential molecular mechanisms occurring within MNs,skeletal muscles and glial cells that may contribute to NMJ disruption in AlS.

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Denervation Neuromuscular junction TDP-43 Dying-back Dying-forward

Prenatal multiple micronutrient-fortified balanced energy-protein supplementation and newborn telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content: a randomized controlled efficacy trial in rural Burkina Faso

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Giles T.Hanley-Cook Yuri Bastos-Moreira Dries S.Martens Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg laeticia Celine Toe Brenda de Kok lionel Ouédraogo Alemayehu Argaw Kokeb Tesfamariam Patrick Kolsteren lieven Huybregts Tim S.Nawrot sarah De Saeger Marthe De Boevre Carl lachat Department of Food Technology Safety and Health Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health MYTOXSOUTH~(?) Coordination Unit Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ghent University Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Unité Nutrition et Maladies Métaboliques Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre Muraz Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health MYTOXSOUTH? Coordination Unit Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ghent University Nutrition Diets and Health Unit Department of Food and Nutrition Policy International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Department of Public Health & Primary Care University of leuven Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Doornfontein Campus

Background: Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes. The effect on markers of health and disease， such as offspring telomere length (Tl) and mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) is unknown. Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient (MMN)-fortified balanced-energy protein (BEP) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation on newborn Tl as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome. Design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso， among pregnant females (15-40 years old) enrolled at ly (control) throughout pregnancy. Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention group infants， respectively. Average relative Tl and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. linear regression models were fitted to assess Tl and mtDNAc differences across trial arms. Results: We found that a combined daily MMN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn Tl [β = -0.010 (95% CI: -0.057， 0.036); P = 0.662] or mtDNAc [β = 0.065 (95% CI: -0.203， 0.073); P = 0.354]， as compared to an IFA tablet alone. These findings were confirmed (P > 0.05) by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment. Exploratory analyses indicated higher， but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age， low birthweight， or preterm. Conclusions: Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative Tl or mtDNAc.

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Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on fracture healing in children:A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期13卷 494-502页

作者： sarah Stroud Toshali Katyal Alex l Gornitzky Ishaan Swarup Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan Francisco Benioff Children’s HospitalCA 94143United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital OaklandOaklandCA 94609United States

BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the United *** they are safe and effective means of analgesia for children with broken bones,there is considerable variation in their clinical use due to persistent concerns about their potentially adverse effect on fracture *** To assess whether NSAID exposure is a risk factor for fracture nonunion in *** We systematically reviewed the literature reporting the effect of NSAIDs on bone *** included all clinical studies that reported on adverse bone healing complications in children with respect to NSAID *** outcomes of interest were delayed union or *** quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for non-randomized studies.A final table was constructed summarizing the available *** A total of 120 articles were identified and screened,of which 6 articles were included for final *** in children is extremely rare;among the studies included,there were 2011 nonunions among 238822 fractures(0.84%).None of the included studies documented an increased risk of nonunion or delayed bone healing in those children who are treated with NSAIDs in the immediate post-injury or peri-operative time ***,children are likely to take these medications for only a few days after injury or surgery,further decreasing their risk of adverse *** This systematic review suggests that NSAIDS can be safely prescribed to pediatric orthopaedic patients absent other contraindications without concern for increased risk of fracture non-union or delayed bone *** prospective studies are needed focusing on higher risk fractures and elective orthopaedic procedures such as osteotomies and spinal fusion.

关键词： Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Nonunion Complication Pediatric fractures Pain management Bone healing

large-area photonic lift-off process for flexible thin-film transistors

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 115-124页

作者： Adam M.Weidling Vikram STurkani Vahid Akhavan Kurt A.Schroder sarah l.Swisher Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Twin Cities4-174 Keller Hall200 Union Street S.E.MinneapolisMN 55455USA NovaCentrix 400 Parker DriveSuite 1110AustinTX 78728USA

Fabricating flexible electronics on plastic is often limited by the poor dimensional stability of polymer *** mitigate,glass carriers are used during fabrication,but removing the plastic substrate from a carrier without damaging the electronics remains *** we utilize a large-area,high-throughput photonic lift-off(PlO)process to rapidly separate polymer films from rigid *** uses a 150µs pulse of broadband light from flashlamps to lift-off functional thin films from glass carrier substrates coated with a light absorber layer(lAl).Modeling indicates that the polymer/lAl interface reaches above 800℃ during PlO,but the top surface of the PI remains below 120℃.An array of indium zinc oxide(IZO)thin-film transistors(TFTs)was fabricated on a polyimide substrate and photonically lifted off from the glass *** TFT mobility was unchanged by *** flexible TFTs were mechanically robust,with no reduction in mobility while flexed.

关键词： film process absorber