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Short turn radius colonoscope in an anatomical model: Retroflexed withdrawal and detection of hidden polyps

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第2期21卷 593-599页

作者： sarah k.mc gill Shivangi kothari Shai Friedland Ann Chen Walter G Park Subhas Banerjee Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States

AIM: To evaluate the new Retro View^(TM) colonoscope and compare its ability to detect simulated polyps "hidden" behind colonic folds with that of a conventional colonoscope, utilizing anatomic colon ***: Three anatomic colon models were prepared,with twelve simulated polyps "hidden" behind haustral folds and five placed in easily viewed locations in each model. Five blinded endoscopists examined two colon models in random order with the conventional or Retro View^(TM) colonoscope, utilizing standard withdrawal technique. The third colon model was then examined with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope withdrawn initially in retroflexion and then in standard withdrawal. Polyp detection rates during standard and retroflexed withdrawal of the conventional and Retro View^(TM) colonoscopes were determined. Polyp detection rates for combined standard and retroflexed withdrawal(combination withdrawal) with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope were also ***: For hidden polyps, retroflexed withdrawal using the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope detected more polyps than the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(85% vs 12%, P = 0.0001). For hidden polyps, combination withdrawal with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope detected more polyps than the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(93% vs 12%, P ≤ 0.0001). The Retro View^(TM) colonoscope in "combination withdrawal" was superior to other methods in detecting all(hidden + easily visible) polyps, with successful detection of 80 of 85 polyps(94%) compared to 28(32%) polyps detected by the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(P < 0.0001) and 67(79%) polyps detected by the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope in retroflexed withdrawal alone(P < 0.01). Continuous withdrawal of the colonoscope through the colon model while retroflexed was achieved by all endoscopists. In a post-test survey, four out of five colonoscopists reported that manipulation of the colonoscope was easy or very ***: In

关键词： Colonoscopy Adenoma detection Polyp detection Colo

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Impact of direct and indirect heating systems in broiler units on environmental conditions and flock performance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2588-2595页

作者： Shaun Smith Joseph Meade James Gibbons kevina mc gill Declan Bolton Paul Whyte UCD School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland

This study compared the impact of three indirect heating systems to direct gas flame heaters on a selection of flock performance and environmental indicators in commercial broiler units. No statistically significant differences（P≥0.05） were found in flock mortality rates, bird weight, water consumption, stress response, carbon dioxide, ammonia, temperature, relative humidity, litter quality, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts when flock data from any of the three indirect heating systems were compared to flocks reared in houses with direct heating systems. Differences in litter quality were observed between upper and lower litter layers in all houses, regardless of heating type, which may have implications for bird health and welfare. Carbon dioxide concentrations in houses with direct heating systems were significantly higher than those in houses with indirect heating systems during the first 10 days of bird life（P≤0.05）. This was due to the increased use of heating systems during this period of the flock cycle. Differences in CO2 concentrations had no effect on flock performance, possibly due to the fact that concentrations did not exceed known safe levels. A statistically significant increase in stress response was observed in birds as a result of partial depopulation（thinning） within houses, irrespective of heating system type used（P≤0.05）. Stress associated with thinning may have consequences for bird welfare and food safety. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that indirect heating systems do not appear to negatively impact on flock performance, stress response, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts and do not appear to significantly alter environmental conditions within broiler houses when compared to houses equipped with direct heating systems. Indirect systems are a viable alternative for heating broiler houses in terms of flock performance, bird welfare and food safety.

关键词： litter quality welfare stress poultry production campylobacter environmental conditions

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The neuroprotective potential of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第8期10卷 1211-1213页

作者： Todd mc Laughlin sarah X.Zhang Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry Ross Eye Institute University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY USA SUNY Eye Institute State University of New York

Diseases of the nervous system are characterized by axon dysfunction,axon degeneration,and neuronal cell *** roster of neurodegenerative diseases is striking in the selective vulnerability of the affected neuronal pop... 详细信息

关键词： endoplasmic reticulum neuronal degeneration manifestation striking populations retina extreme elusive

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One hundred and seventy-eight consecutive pancreatoduodenectomies without mortality:role of the multidisciplinary approach

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第4期10卷 415-421页

作者： Jaswinder S Samra Raul Alvarado Bachmann Julian Choi Anthony gill Michael Neale Vikram Puttaswamy Cameron Bell Ian Norton sarah Cho Steven Blome Ritchie Maher Sivakumar Gananadha Thomas J Hugh Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit University of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSW2065SydneyAustralia Department ofAnatomical Pathology University of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSW2065SydneyAustralia Department of Vascular Surgery University of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSW2065SydneyAustralia Department of Gastroenterology University of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSW2065SydneyAustralia Department of Radiology University of SydneyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSW2065SydneyAustralia

BACkGROUND:Pancreatoduodenectomy offers the only chance of cure for patients with periampullary ***,however,is a major undertaking in most patients and is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality.A multidisciplinary approach to the workup and follow-up of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy was initiated at our institution to improve the diagnosis,resection rate,mortality and *** undertook the study to assess the effect of this approach on diagnosis,resection rates and short-term outcomes such as morbidity and ***:A prospective database of patients presenting with periampullary cancers to a single surgeon between April 2004 and April 2010 was *** cases were discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting comprising surgeons,gastroenterologists,radiologists,oncologists,radiation oncologists,pathologists and nursing staff.A standardized investigation and management algorithm was *** were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo ***:A total of 295 patients with a periampullary lesion were discussed and 178 underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (resection rate 60%).Sixty-one patients (34%) required either a vascular or an additional organ ***-nine patients experienced complications,of which the commonest was blood transfusion (12%).Thirty-four patients (19%) had major complications,*** 3 or *** was no in-hospital,30-day or 60-day ***:Pancreatoduodenectomy can safely be performed in high-volume centers with very low *** surgeon’s role should be careful patient selection,intensive preoperative investigations,use of a team approach,and an unbiased discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting to optimize the outcome in these patients.

关键词： pancreatoduodenectomy multidisciplinary vascular resection

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Multi-length scale bioprinting towards simulating microenvironmental cues

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2018年第2期1卷 77-88页

作者： Elisabeth L gill Xia Li Mark A. Birch Yan Yan Shery Huang Department of Engineering University of CambridgeTrumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1PZ UK Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Surgery University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

It is envisaged that the creation of cellular environments at multiple length scales, that recapitulate in vivo bioactive and structural roles, may hold the key to creating functional, complex tissues in the laboratory. This review considers recent advances in biofabrication and bioprinting techniques across different length scales. Particular focus is placed on 3D printing of hydrogels and fabrication of biomaterial fibres that could extend the feature resolution and material functionality of soft tissue constructs. The outlook from this review discusses how one might create and simulate microenvironmental cues in vitro. A fabrication platform that integrates the competencies of different biofabrication technologies is proposed. Such a multi-process, multiscale fabrication strategy may ultimately translate engineering capability into an accessible life sciences toolkit, fulfilling its potential to deliver in vitro disease models and engineered tissue implants.

关键词： 3D bioprinting Electrospinning Additive manufacturing Microenvironment Disease modelling Tissueengineering

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Repair of traumatic plasmalemmal damage to neurons and other eukaryotic cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第7期11卷 1033-1042页

作者： George D.Bittner Christopher S.Spaeth Andrew D.Poon Zachary S.Burgess Christopher H.mc gill Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas at Austin

The repair（sealing） of plasmalemmal damage,consisting of small holes to complete transections,is critical for cell survival,especially for neurons that rarely regenerate cell *** first describe and evaluate different measures of cell *** measures,including morphological/ultra-structural observations,membrane potential,and input resistance,provide very ambiguous assessments of plasmalemmal *** contrast,measures of ionic current flow and dye barriers can,if appropriately used,provide more accurate *** describe the effects of various substances（calcium,calpains,cytoskeletal proteins,ESCRT proteins,m UNC-13,NSF,PEG） and biochemical pathways（PkA,PkC,PLC,Epac,cytosolic oxidation） on plasmalemmal sealing probability,and suggest that substances,pathways,and cellular events associated with plasmalemmal sealing have undergone a very conservative *** sealing,calcium ion influx mobilizes vesicles and other membranous structures（lysosomes,mitochondria,etc.） in a continuous fashion to form a vesicular plug that gradually restricts diffusion of increasingly smaller molecules and ions over a period of seconds to ***,we find no direct evidence that sealing occurs through the collapse and fusion of severed plasmalemmal leaflets,or in a single step involving the fusion of one large wound vesicle with the nearby,undamaged *** describe how increases in perikaryal calcium levels following axonal transection account for observations that cell body survival decreases the closer an axon is transected to the ***,we speculate on relationships between plasmalemmal sealing,Wallerian degeneration,and the ability of polyethylene glycol（PEG） to seal cell membranes and rejoin severed axonal ends – an important consideration for the future treatment of trauma to peripheral nerves.A better knowledge of biochemical pathways and cytoplasmic structures involved in plasmalemmal sealing might provide insights to develo

关键词： sealing traumatic eukaryotic vesicles axonal membranous closer biochemical vesicular muscular

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用HPLC测定痕量金属的n—丁基—乙—萘甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐配合物

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国外稀有金属 1990年第4期 56-59页

作者： gill,mc 杨秋霞

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Liver cancer understaging in liver transplantation in the current era of radiologic imaging and newer generation locoregional therapies

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 233-247页

作者： Hannah M.Lee Donna mcClish Binu V.John sarah Winks Ryan Clayton Somaya Albhaisi Allawy Allawy Samarth Patel Emma C.Fields Scott Matherly Brian Strife Chandra Bhati Amit Sharma Richard k.Sterling Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Department of Biostatistics Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Division of Digestive Health and Liver Disease University of Miamiand Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMiami VA Health SystemMiamiFL 33125USA Department of Radiology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Central Virginia Veterans Health Care System RichmondVA 23249USA Department of Radiation Oncology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Division of Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA Hume-Lee Transplant Center Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298USA

Background:Discordance in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)staging between pre-transplant imaging and explant pathology is associated with an increased risk of recurrence and *** aim was to evaluate variables that predicted concordance/discordance in the era of new generation locoregional therapies(LRT)and improved radiologic technology in ***:A single-center retrospective study was performed on patients who received a liver transplant for HCC between ***-and post-LT variables,including type of LRT,downstaging(DS),transplant time period,and radiologic response to LRT,were analyzed for concordance/***-Meier analysis was used to assess post-LT ***:Of 146 patients transplanted within Milan Criteria(mc),discordance rates(understaged)were 45%.Discordance was associated with≥3 HCC lesions at diagnosis but not newer generation LRT(transarterial radioembolization/stereotactic body radiation therapy),traditional LRT or *** differences in discordance were seen between transplant periods(2008-2013 vs.2014-2019),but those within mc in the earlier period had higher concordance rates.A trend was observed between DS and ***:HCC stage discordance remains common and poorly *** was associated with three or more HCC lesions at the time of *** within mc transplanted between 2008-2013 was associated with concordance,while a trend was noted between DS and *** other pre-or post-LT variables predicted discordance/*** was associated with decreased survival.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma understaging liver transplant radioembolization stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT)

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Report of the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 238-242页

作者： Robert Colebunders Michel Mandro Alfred k.Njamnshi Michel Boussinesq An Hotterbeekx Joseph kamgno sarah O’Neill Adrian Hopkins Patrick Suykerbuyk Maria-Gloria Basanez Rory J.Post Belen Pedrique Pierre-Marie Preux Wilma A.Stolk Thomas B.Nutman Richard Idro Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Provincial Health Division of Ituri BuniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Yaounde Central Hospital/University of Yaounde 1Brain Research Africa Initiative(BRAIN)YaoundeCameroon Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement(IRD) MontpellierFrance Centre for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases(CRFilMT) and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Neglected and Disabling Diseases of Poverty Consultant KentUK London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Imperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine and Liverpool John Moores University LondonUK Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative GenevaSwitzerland Preux Pierre-Marie INSERMUniversity LimogesCHU LimogesUMR_S 1094Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical NeurologyCNRS FR 3503 GEIST87000 LimogesFrance Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda

Background:Recently,several epidemiological studies performed in Onchocerca volvulus-endemic regions have suggested that onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)may constitute an important but neglected public health problem in many countries where onchocerciasis is still *** text:On October 12-14th 2017,the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)was held in Antwerp,*** workshop was attended by 79 participants from 20 different *** research findings strongly suggest that *** is an important contributor to epilepsy,particularly in meso-and hyperendemic areas for *** with *** is associated with a spectrum of epileptic seizures,mainly generalised tonic-clonic seizures but also atonic neck seizures(nodding),and stunted *** is characterised by an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 *** working groups discussed topics such as how to 1)strengthen the evidence for an association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy,2)determine the burden of disease caused by OAE,3)prevent OAE,4)improve the treatment/care for persons with OAE and affected families,5)identify the pathophysiological mechanism of OAE,and 6)deal with misconceptions,stigma,discrimination and gender violence associated with *** OAE Alliance was created to increase awareness about OAE and its public health importance,stimulate research and disseminate research findings,and create partnerships between OAE researchers,communities,advocacy groups,ministries of health,non-governmental organisations,the pharmaceutical industry and funding ***:Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying OAE remains unknown,there is increasing evidence that by controlling and eliminating onchocerciasis,OAE will also ***,OAE constitutes an additional argument for strengthening onchocerciasis elimination *** the high numbers of people with epilepsy

关键词： Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Nakalanga syndrome Prevalence Burden of disease Africa

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英语阅读中知觉广度的年龄效应的研究

英语阅读中知觉广度的年龄效应的研究

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第二十一届全国心理学学术会议

作者：谢芳 kayleigh L.Warrington Victoria A.mc Gowan sarah J.White 王敬欣 kevin B.Paterson 天津师范大学心理与行为研究院 Department of Neuroscience Psychology and Behavior University of Leicester

阅读知觉广度是指读者在阅读过程中每次注视能获取的有用信息的范围。研究发现,与年轻人(年龄18-30岁)相比,老年人(年龄65+岁)的阅读速度更慢。研究者认为这种与年龄相关的阅读速度的下降是由于随着年龄的增长,视觉和认知能力下降,使得... 详细信息

阅读知觉广度是指读者在阅读过程中每次注视能获取的有用信息的范围。研究发现,与年轻人(年龄18-30岁)相比,老年人(年龄65+岁)的阅读速度更慢。研究者认为这种与年龄相关的阅读速度的下降是由于随着年龄的增长,视觉和认知能力下降,使得老年人的知觉广度变小,因此在每次注视时所获得的信息较少。知觉广度的研究通常使用注视跟随移动窗口范式,在该范式中的窗口是指注视点周围的特定区域,在这一区域内文本正常呈现,而窗口外文本用随机字母或者其他无关字母掩蔽(如"x"等),窗口与眼睛的移动是同步的,因此当眼睛注视一个新的位置的时候,这个位置的文本正常呈现而先前注视位置的文本被掩蔽。利用该范式的最初的一项研究发现,拼音文字中,与年轻人相比,老年人的知觉广度较小并且更对称。但是,最近的研究并没有重复这一发现。因此,当前研究利用两个移动窗口范式实验来进一步考察这一问题。两个实验均采用2(年龄:青年,老年)×5(窗口大小:无窗口正常呈现(N),当前注视词(W),当前注视词及左边一个词(W+L1),当前注视词及右边一个词(W+R1);当前注视词及右边两个词(W+R2))的混合设计。在实验一中,窗口外的字母利用"X"进行掩蔽;实验2中利用视觉相似的字母来掩蔽窗口外的区域。两个实验结果均发现,在四种窗口条件下句子的总阅读时间均长于正常条件下,但是当前注视词及右边两个词的窗口条件(W+R2)的阅读时间与正常条件下的阅读时间最接近,这与以往的研究发现是一致的。重要的是,两组被试表现出了相似的窗口大小效应,因此结果表明知觉广度并没有随着年龄的增长而变化。

关键词：移动窗口知觉广度阅读困难

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