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Sister Planet: Mission to Venus Reveals Watery Past

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当代外语研究 2008年第1期 8-10页

作者： sarah C. williams 汪洋

金星与地球存在许多相似之处,如绕日距离、大小、引力和构成等。了解金星,尤其是金星的气候类型,对研究我们的地球意义重大。但是,笼罩金星的硫酸云是科学家探索金星的一大障碍。"金星快车"探测器成功地突破了云层,获得惊人发现。

关键词：金星地球相似之处探测器气候类型科学家引力硫酸距离障碍

Ultrasound for Detection of Ascites and for Guidance of the Paracentesis Procedure: Technique and Review of the Literature

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第20期5卷 1277-1293页

作者： Josh Ennis Geoffrey Schultz Phillips Perera sarah williams Laleh Gharahbaghian Diku Mandavia Division of Emergency Medicine Stanford University Medical Center Stanford USA Emergency Professional Services Phoenix USA Department of Emergency Medicine LAC+USC Medical Center Los Angeles USA

Objective: To review the use of ultrasound (US) for the detection of free intraperitoneal fluid (ascites) and for the procedural guidance of the paracentesis procedure. Methods: Two clinical vignettes are presented to review the pertinent diagnostic, management and safety considerations associated with paracentesis. First, US techniques used for the identification of ascites and in the quantification of fluid pockets amenable to aspiration will be discussed. Next, the actual steps required for the performance of US-guided paracentesis will be covered. A review and analysis of the most current literature regarding US and paracentesis then follows. Conclusion: Current literature favors US-guided paracentesis over the traditional blind technique with a significant reduction in both the rate of unsuccessful aspiration of fluid and in the bleeding complications related to this procedure. Use of US for both the diagnostic and therapeutic management of ascites should be advocated as an essential skill for physicians and other health care providers caring for these patients.

关键词： Ultrasound for Detection of Ascites and for Guidance of the Paracentesis Procedure: Technique and Review of the Literature

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai Pete A.williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/*** quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary *** quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many *** this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian *** the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and *** quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully ***,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological *** addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

Diagnostic Utility of Performing Flow Cytometry on Provider-Submitted Endoscopically Collected Gastrointestinal Samples

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2020年第1期10卷 1-11页

作者： Regina M. Plummer Amy K. Beckman Meghan M. Hupp Elizabeth L. Courville sarah A. williams Michael A. Linden Division of Hematopathology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA

Multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) is essential to the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In our institution, MFC specimens are submitted by pathologists or an ordering provider. As endoscopy has revolutionized the ability to biopsy the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, our lab increasingly receives provider-submitted, endoscopically-acquired GI biopsies (PEGIB) for MFC analysis. This study evaluates the clinical utility of MFC performed on PEGIB and proposes a new testing algorithm to enhance the pathology team’s role in MFC test utilization. Fifty-five archival PEGIB MFC cases were identified and histories were reviewed. MFC was non-contributory to the overall diagnosis in 85% of PEGIB. Retroactively implementing an algorithm that used PEGIB permanent section screening to triage the 55 archival cases resulted in the appropriate identification of 100% of specimens whose diagnosis would have benefitted from MFC analysis, and the optimization of test utilization by decreasing unnecessary MFC studies.

关键词： Flow Cytometry Endoscopic Biopsies GI Biopsies Endoscopy Quality Improvement

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica L.williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

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欢迎来到你的世界

Nucleotide Relative Molecular Similarity within Anti-Emetic/Pro-Kinetic Drug Structures

作者： (美)莎拉·威廉姆斯·戈德哈根(sarah williams Goldhagen)

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2025年第1期13卷 215-229页

作者： Wynford Robert williams Faculty of Life Sciences & Education University of South Wales Cardiff UK

The physiology of the central and enteric nervous systems and gastric muscle contributes to the complexities encountered in the research and clinical management of gastroparesis. A wide range of prescription drugs target the underlying neurotransmitter imbalances and adjust nucleotide levels in appropriate tissues, but treatment is unsatisfactory, as our understanding of the condition is far from complete. In this study, computational software is used to focus on the adenine nucleotide, ATP, as a comparative template for the structures of drugs used in gastroparesis treatment. The results demonstrate that muscarinic, dopamine, serotonin (5-HT) and histamine receptor ligand classes relate structurally and differentially to the molecular structure of ATP. In these neurotransmitter classes, compounds do not target cell membrane receptor G-protein signal transduction in a manner that provides a single mechanism for improving gastroparesis symptoms. The exploration of alternative nucleotide-based deficiencies of KATP channels, Na+/K+ATPases and guanine nucleotide directed nitrergic mechanisms should enhance our experimental approach to understanding this condition.

关键词： Gastroparesis Adenine Nucleotides Neurotransmitter Agents Molecular Structure

The Inheritance, Pathophysiology, and Treatment for Polycystic Kidney Disease and Its Effects on the Heart—A Literature Review

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2025年第1期16卷 95-111页

作者： Harika Paruchuri Kelley williams Terry Oroszi Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Boonshoft School of Medicine WSU Fairborn OH USA

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. PKD is a common condition affecting approximately 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. The most prevalent type of PKD is autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD). ADPKD is caused by mutations in either the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, which encode for proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation. These mutations lead to the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, which can eventually lead to kidney failure. In addition to affecting the kidneys, PKD can also cause cysts in other organs, such as the liver, pancreas, and spleen. PKD can also lead to various complications, including high blood pressure, heart valve abnormalities, and brain aneurysms. This review focuses on the inheritance, pathophysiology, and treatment of PKD, with a specific emphasis on its effects on the cardiovascular system. Currently, there is no cure for PKD. However, several treatments are available to manage the symptoms and complications of the disease. These treatments include medications to control blood pressure, pain relievers, antibiotics for infections, and dialysis or kidney transplantation for kidney failure. Tolvaptan is the only FDA-approved drug specifically for ADPKD and has been shown to slow disease progression. In addition to summarizing current treatment options, this review will discuss promising future treatments, such as gene therapy and stem cell therapy.

关键词： Polycystic Kidney Disease Autosomal Dominant Autosomal Recessive End-Stage Renal Disease Epidemiology Pathophysiology Cardiovascular Diseases

Role of P-Gp in Treatment of Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2025年第1期16卷 1-17页

作者： Venkata Sai Nithin Reddy Yendapalli Kelley williams Terry Oroszi Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Boonshoft School of Medicine WSU Fairborn OH USA

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transporters, plays a crucial role in the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer treatment. P-gp actively pumps chemotherapeutic drugs out of cancer cells, reducing their intracellular concentrations and thereby diminishing their efficacy. This review explores the mechanisms by which P-gp contributes to MDR, including intrinsic and acquired resistance. It also discusses various strategies to inhibit P-gp, such as blocking drug binding sites, interfering with ATP hydrolysis, and altering cell membrane integrity. The potential of fourth-generation P-gp inhibitors and other novel approaches to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies is also examined. Understanding and overcoming P-gp-mediated MDR is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients.

关键词： P-Glycoprotein (P-Gp) Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) Cancer Treatment ABC Transporters Chemotherapy Resistance P-Gp Inhibitors Drug Efflux Mechanisms Fourth-Generation Inhibitors