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Apparent task specialization among cofounding ant queens

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 278-280页

作者： Jurgen Heinze sarah Koller LS Zoologie/Evolutionsbiologie Universitat RegensburgRegensburg.Germany

Dear Editor,The establishment of a new colony is a critical phase in the life of an insect *** ant queens may avoid the high risks of solitary founding by starting new colonies together with other young queens(pleometrosis).Foundress associations may produce first workers faster and have a higher survival rate than solitary foundresses(Bernasconi&Strassmann,1999).Because cofoundresses are typically not related pleometrosis is rarely associated with a clear division of labor(Jeanson&Fewell,2008).

关键词： solitary starting faster

Distribution of licensed acupuncturists and educational institutions in the United States in early 2015

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第1期16卷 1-5页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan sarah Faggert McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine PLC Vienna VA 22182 USA American Traditional Chinese Medicine Association Vienna VA 22182 USA

In recent decades, acupuncture has been used more widely and extensively in the United States （U.S.）. However, there have been no national surveys or analyses reported in academic journals on the number of practicing or licensed acupuncturists, This study was conducted to identify the approximate number of licensed acupuncturists active in 2015. The Board of Acupuncture or Board of Medicine in each state or U.S. territory was contacted to collect data, Online license information searching was also performed in order to get accurate numbers of licensed acupuncturists for those states in which a board was unable to be contacted. The study found that the number of licensed acupuncturists in 2015 in the U,S, was 34,481. Of this, more than 50% were licensed in three states alone： California （32.39%）, New York （11,89%） and Florida （7.06%）. The number of licensed acupuncturists increased 23.30% and 52.09%, compared to the year 2009 （n = 27,965） and 2004 （n = 22,671）, respectively; increasing about 1,266 per year. There were 62 and 10 accredited acupuncture institutions providing master and doctoral degrees, respectively. The West Coast comprised 51.39% of degree granting programs, while the East Coast comprised 29.17%; together the coastal states housed more than 80% of all programs, with the remainder sprinkled across the southern （9.72%）, northern （8.33%）, and the middle/central states （1.39%）. Forty-four states and the District of Columbia regulated acupuncture practice by law at the time of data collection. Acupuncture continues to be a quickly growing profession in the U.S,

关键词： Acupuncturist Acupuncture educational institution Acupuncture regulation Oriental medicine United States

The kallikrein-kinin system: a promising therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第6期10卷 885-886页

作者： sarah Hopp Christiane Albert-Weissenberger Department of Neurology University Hospital Würzburg

Traumatic brain injury （TBI）, which results from an outside force causing mechanical disruption of brain tissue, is potentially life-threatening and therefore a critical public health problem throughout the world. In the USA, approximately 1.7 million individuals per year sustain a TBI, and about 43% of patients hospitalized because of TBI develop long-term physical disability as well as psychological disorders,

关键词： TBI a promising therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury The kallikrein-kinin system

Adult cannibalism in an oligophagous herbivore, the Colorado potato beetle

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 295-302页

作者： Everett Booth Andrei Alyokhin sarah Pinatti School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono Maine United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Buzzards Bay Massachusetts USA

Cannibalism, or intraspecific predation, can play a major role in changing individual fitness and population processes. In insects, cannibalism frequently occurs across life stages, with cannibals consuming a smaller or more vulnerable stage. Predation of adult insects on one another is considered to be uncommon. We investigated adult cannibalism in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata （Say）, which is an oligophagous herbivore specializing on plants in family Solanaceae, and an important agricultural pest. Under laboratory conditions, starvation and crowding encouraged teneral adults to feed upon each other, which reduced their weight loss during the period of starvation. However, pupae were attacked and consumed before adults. Injured beetles had a higher probability of being cannibalized than intact beetles. Males were more frequently attacked than females, but that appeared to be a function of their smaller size rather than other gender-specific traits. Cannibalizing eggs at a larval stage did not affect beetle propensity to cannibalize adults at an adult stage. When given a choice between conspecific adults and mealworrns, the beetles preferred to eat conspecifics. Cannibalistic behavior, including adult cannibalism, could be important for population persistence in this species.

关键词： cannibalism Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata life boatstrategy oligophagous herbivore

Analysis methods in hermeneutic phenomenological research:interpretive profiles

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Frontiers of Nursing 2020年第4期7卷 293-298页

作者： sarah Oerther Trudy Busch valentine School of Nursing Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMissouri 63103-2097United States

Objective:To describe the development of interpretive profiles for a hermeneutic phenomenological research ***:literature review was conducted to identify research that has used interpretive *** initial interpretive profile was ***:The final outcome was an interpretive profile that contained a case summary and addressed the aims of the researcher’s *** interpretive profile contained background material,coded excerpts,and interpretive ***:Interpretive profiles can assist emerging scholars in describing self-world relations and experiential variations within and across *** profiles can facilitate the writing of dissertations and manuscripts since the data is systematically archived and easily retrievable.

关键词： methodology qualitative research hermeneutics phenomenology

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 influences pancreatic cancer cell growth

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3355-3366页

作者： sarah K Johnson Randy S Haun Department of Pathology Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle Rock Arkansas AR 72205 United States

AIM： To investigate the functional significance of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 （IGFBP-5） overexpression in pancreatic cancer （PaC）.METHODS： The effects of IGFBP-5 on cell growth were assessed by stable transfection of BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cell lines and measuring cell number and DNA synthesis. Alterations in the cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses. Changes in cell survival and signal transduction were evaluated after mitogen and phosphatidylinositol activated protein kinase 3-kinase （PI3K） inhibitor treatment.RESULTS： After serum deprivation, IGFBP-5 expression increased both cell number and DNA synthesis in BxPC-3 cells, but reduced cell number in PANC-1 cells. Consistent with this observation, cell cycle analysis of IGFBP-5-expressing cells revealed accelerated cell cycle progression in BxPC-3 and G2/M arrest of PANC-1 cells. Signal transduction analysis revealed that Akt activation was increased in BxPC-3, but reduced in PANC-1 cells that express IGFBP-5. Inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 suppressed extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 （ERK1/2） activation in BxPC-3, but enhanced ERK1/2 activation in PANC-1 cells that express IGFBP-5. When MEK1/2 was blocked, Akt activation remained elevated in IGFBP-5 expressing PaC cells; however, inhibition of PI3K or MEK1/2 abrogated IGFBP-5-mediated cell survival.CONCLUSION： These results indicate that IGFBP-5 expression affects the cell cycle and survival signal pathways and thus it may be an important mediator of PaC cell growth.

关键词： Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 Extracellular signal-regulated mitogen activated protein kinases Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Pancreatic neoplasms

Collecting Ophiocordyceps sinensis:an emerging livelihood strategy in the Garhwal,Indian Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第2期14卷 390-402页

作者： Laura CAPLINS sarah J.HALVORSON Department of Society and Conservation College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana59812USA Department of Geography College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana59812USA

In the Garhwal of Uttarakhand, India, the Bhotiya, an ethnically and culturally distinct tribal group, were historically engaged in seasonal migration(i.e. transhumance) to take advantage of scarce mountain resources and trade relations with Tibet. This livelihood practice has all but *** are adapting to these changing circumstances by engaging in the collection and sale of the valuable alpine medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, widely known as Cordyceps. The collection of this fungus has exploded, emerging as a lucrative yet high-risk livelihood strategy for many Bhotiya *** Bhotiyas' historic herding and trade-based interactions and knowledge of these alpine environments where Cordyceps are found uniquely positions them to access this valuable biological resource. Elsewhere in the Himalayan region, some households are earning as much as two-thirds of their income from the collection of Cordyceps; in China Cordyceps is now listed as an endangered species due to intense over-exploitation in the Tibetan *** paper seeks to fill the void in the scientific literature on the social, ecological and economic aspects of the emerging Cordyceps trade in the Garhwal. Our study investigates the socio-spatial dimensions of Cordyceps collection in the high alpine meadows. We document how a fusion of local knowledge and practice with alpine mountain systems has served to reinvigorate the economic integrity of mountain communities at a time of rapid socioeconomic change and to reimagine a new relationship between alpine resources and community *** article offers suggestions to address the sustainability of both Cordyceps collection and livelihood activities which hinge on this fungus population. We find a need for(1) community-based conservation measures that are rooted in(2) secure resource access rights for local communities to continue sustainable collection and sale of Cordyceps and(3) participatory-and science-based proc

关键词： Cordyceps ( Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Garhwal Himalaya Livelihood Alpine meadows Bhotiya Sustainability

The role of sequestosome 1/p62 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia pathogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第12期15卷 2186-2194页

作者： Adriana Delice Foster sarah Lyn Rea Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research University of Western Australia Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological DisordersThe University of Western AustraliaNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are multifaceted diseases with genotypic,pathological and clinical *** such overlap is the presence of SQSTM1/p62 *** traditionally mutations manifesting in the ubiquitin-associated domain of p62 were associated with Paget’s disease of bone,mutations affecting all functional domains of p62 have now been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients.p62 is a multifunctional protein that facilitates protein degradation through autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system,and also regulates cell survival via the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway,the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and *** in these signaling and protein degradation pathways have been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration,and mutations that affect the role of p62 in these pathways may contribute to disease *** this review we discuss the role of p62 in these pathways,the effects of p62 mutations and the effect of mutations in the p62 modulator TANK-binding kinase 1,in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathogenesis.

关键词： aggregate/inclusion body formation amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration autophagy cell signaling mitophagy p62/SQSTM1 protein degradation

Pathogenesis of Thrombocytopenia in Chronic HCV Infection:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第2期8卷 184-191页

作者： sarah Rawi George Y Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

A large proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C have associated thrombocytopenia (TCP). Due to bleeding risks, TCP, when severe, can limit diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, treatments, and increases risk of complications, especially excessive bleeding. It is important to understand the mechanisms that cause TCP in order to manage it. In general, TCP can be due to increased destruction or decreased production. Proposed mechanisms of increased destruction include autoantibodies to platelets and hyper-splenism with sequestration. Proposed mechanisms of de-creased production include virus-induced bone marrow suppression and decreased TPO production. Autoantibodies directed against platelet surface antigens have demonstrated an inverse correlation with platelet counts. Hypersplenism with sequestration involves the interaction of portal hyper-tension, splenomegaly, and platelet destruction. Decreased production mechanisms involve appropriate and inappropri-ate levels of TPO secretion. There is limited evidence to support viral-induced bone marrow suppression. In contrast, there is strong evidence to support low levels of TPO in liver failure as a major cause of TCP. TPO-agonists, specifically eltrombopag, have been shown in hepatitis C patients to increase platelet counts without reducing portal hypertension or splenomegaly. We conclude that TCP in hepatitis C virus-induced liver disease is often multifactorial, but an under-standing of the mechanisms can lead to judicious use of new drugs for treatment.

关键词： Thrombocytopenia Chronic hepatitis Autoantibodies Hypersplenism Thrombopoietin