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From MAFLD to hepatocellular carcinoma and everything in between

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第5期135卷 547-556页

作者： sarah Da Won Bae Jacob George Liang Qiao Storr Liver Centre Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Sydney and Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Metabolic(dysfunction)associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,is the most common cause of chronic liver disease *** risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of MAFLD with metabolic dysregulation being the final arbiter of its development and *** poses a substantial economic burden to societies,which based on current trends is expected to increase over *** studies have addressed various aspects of MAFLD from its risk associations to its economic and social burden and clinical diagnosis and management,as well as the molecular mechanisms linking MAFLD to end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular *** review summarizes current understanding of the pathogenesis of MAFLD and related diseases,particularly liver *** therapeutic agents for MAFLD and diagnostic biomarkers are discussed.

关键词： Metabolic(dysfunction)associated fatty liver disease Liver disease Liver cancer

Continuous Mobile User Authentication Using a Hybrid CNN-Bi-LSTM Approach

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计算机、材料和连续体（英文） 2023年第4期75卷 651-667页

作者： sarah Alzahrani Joud Alderaan Dalya Alatawi Bandar Alotaibi Department of Information Technology University of TabukTabuk71491Saudi Arabia Sensor Networks and Cellular Systems Research Center University of TabukTabuk71491Saudi Arabia

Internet of Things (IoT) devices incorporate a large amount ofdata in several fields, including those of medicine, business, and *** authentication is paramount in the IoT era to assure connecteddevices’ security. However, traditional authentication methods and conventionalbiometrics-based authentication approaches such as face recognition,fingerprints, and password are vulnerable to various attacks, including smudgeattacks, heat attacks, and shoulder surfing attacks. Behavioral biometrics isintroduced by the powerful sensing capabilities of IoT devices such as smartwearables and smartphones, enabling continuous authentication. ArtificialIntelligence (AI)-based approaches introduce a bright future in refining largeamounts of homogeneous biometric data to provide innovative user authenticationsolutions. This paper presents a new continuous passive authenticationapproach capable of learning the signatures of IoT users utilizing smartphonesensors such as a gyroscope, magnetometer, and accelerometer to recognizeusers by their physical activities. This approach integrates the convolutionalneural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) models to learnsignatures of human activities from different users. A series of experiments areconducted using the MotionSense dataset to validate the effectiveness of theproposed method. Our technique offers a competitive verification accuracyequal to 98.4%.We compared the proposed method with several conventionalmachine learning and CNN models and found that our proposed modelachieves higher identification accuracy than the recently developed verificationsystems. The high accuracy achieved by the proposed method proves itseffectiveness in recognizing IoT users passively through their physical activitypatterns.

关键词： Human activity recognition recurrent neural network(RNN) internet of things(IoT) machine learning(ML)

Educational Videos Subtitles’Summarization Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Length Enhancement

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 6205-6221页

作者： sarah S.Alrumiah Amal A.Al-Shargabi Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia

Nowadays,people use online resources such as educational videos and ***,such videos and courses are mostly long and thus,summarizing them will be *** video contents(visual,audio,and subtitles)could be analyzed to generate textual summaries,i.e.,***’subtitles contain significant ***,summarizing subtitles is effective to concentrate on the necessary *** of the existing studies used Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)and Latent Semantic Analysis(LSA)models to create lectures’*** study takes another approach and applies LatentDirichlet Allocation(LDA),which proved its effectiveness in document ***,the proposed LDA summarization model follows three *** first phase aims to prepare the subtitle file for modelling by performing some preprocessing steps,such as removing stop *** the second phase,the LDA model is trained on subtitles to generate the keywords list used to extract important *** in the third phase,a summary is generated based on the keywords *** generated summaries by LDA were lengthy;thus,a length enhancement method has been *** the evaluation,the authors developed manual summaries of the existing“EDUVSUM”educational videos *** authors compared the generated summaries with the manual-generated outlines using two methods,(i)Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation(ROUGE)and(ii)human *** performance of LDA-based generated summaries outperforms the summaries generated by TF-IDF and *** reducing the summaries’length,the proposed length enhancement method did improve the summaries’precision *** domains,such as news videos,can apply the proposed method for video summarization.

关键词： Subtitle summarization educational videos topic modelling LDA extractive summarization

Nociceptors are needed to guide tooth development,function,repair,and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1503-1504页

作者： sarah B.Peters Joshua J.Emrick Division of Biosciences College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences&Prosthodontics School of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA

Toothaches have received widespread attention and commentary dating back to ancient times,appearing in Egyptian texts from over 3000 years ago and the writings of Hippocrates,Aristotle,and *** studies of the innervation of dental pulp and dentin date back to at least the 1800’s,yet our understanding of the basis for tooth pain is still *** treatments for toothache continue to be drastic and irreversible,including removal of the dental pulp or extraction of the *** the trigeminal sensory innervation of the tooth pulp is commonly the origin of toothache pain,it is also indispensable for normal function and physiology,and should be retained as an integral part of the repaired *** or regeneration of the dental pulp and its innervation could represent the next step in restorative dentistry,but a better understanding of the roles of the tooth’s sensory nerve supply and the mechanisms underlying its development and repair is needed.

关键词： function irreversible repair

Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Glycaemic Control in Sudanese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 316-327页

作者： Sahar Moawia Balla Elnour Tayseer Abdelmotalib Ahmed Taha Haiam Abdalla Wadatalla Ziryab Zainelabdin Mohamed Elmahdi Marwah Isam Abdulmajeed Mohammedahmed Rowa Abdelmonem Sidig Hamadto Nahla Yousif Osman Mohammed Saeed Omnia Mubarak Saad Abdallah Sulafa Abdelbagi Mustafa Ahmed Hanady Abdelhameed Ahmed Mohamed sarah Khalil Fathi Khalil Family Medicine Health Gates Primary Care Riyadh SAU Family Medicine Dhaman Health Assurance Hospitals Company Kuwait KWT Family Medicine First Health Cluster Riyadh SAU Emergency Department Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Abudahbi ARE Family Medicine University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum SDN Family Medicine Sudan Medical Specialization Board-Sudan Khartoum SDN Family Medicine Ultra Care Home Care Company Riyadh SAU Medicine Department Health Gates Primary Care Riyadh SAU Family Medicine Mouwasat Hospital Madinah SAU

Research Background: The high prevalence of diabetes in Sudan, estimated at 16%, highlights the importance of effective health education in diabetes management. Diabetes self-management education has been identified as a crucial tool in enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and abilities necessary for self-management among individuals with diabetes. Aim: To assess the impact of diabetes self-management education on medication adherence and glycemic control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes before and 3 months after the DSME intervention. Method: The study was conducted in Sudan between September 2022 and March 2023, it was an interventional, one-group, pre- and post-test study that aimed to assess the impact of diabetes self-management education (DSME) on medication adherence and diabetes control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes. The research was conducted in primary health care centers in six cities in Sudan and involved 244 participants. The data entry and statistical analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27.0. A paired t test was used for analysis. Results: The study included 244 participants, 67% of whom were males. The age mean ± SD was 48.6 ± 9.3 years, and 85.3% of participants were married. Age at onset of diabetes mean ± SD was 40.60 ± 7.81 years;44.6% had diabetes for less than 5 years;and 84.1% had a positive family history of diabetes mellitus. The levels of poor, low, and partial adherence to medication decreased by 8.2%, 4%, and 20.6%, respectively, after the intervention. The levels of good and high medication regime adherence increased by 13% and 19.8%, respectively;BMI decreased by 1.1 ± 0.73 kg/m2 (p = 0.005). The fasting blood sugar decreased by 69 ± 32.9 mg/dl (p = 0.049), and the glycated hemoglobin decreased by 1.21 ± 0.28% (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study reinforce the importance of patient education in improving glycemic control and enhancing self-management

关键词： Sudan Adherence Intervention Education Self-Management Diabetes

Cystic liver lesions: from diagnosis to recognition of complications and when to treat

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第6期11卷 909-912页

作者： sarah Lowry Wikrom Karnsakul Johns Hopkins Medical Institute BaltimoreMDUSA Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

In October 2022,the European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)published in Journal of Hepatology the Clinical Practice Guidelines(CPG)in regard to the diagnosis and management of cystic liver diseases(1).American College of Gastroenterology published similar guidelines in 2014 regarding focal liver lesions,but this is the first comprehensive guideline focusing on cystic liver lesions with robust background support and knowledge(2).

关键词： diagnosis lesions liver

Roles of Case Studies and Case Reports in US East Asian Medicine:A Narrative-Medicine Perspective

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第2期6卷 194-204页

作者： sarah E.Rivkin Seattle Institute of East Asian Medicine Seattle 98108USA

Recorded stories of the clinical encounter stretch back to ancient *** their history,these narratives have been called by different names,reflecting changes in format,function,and *** paper examines and explains the differences in two related forms of clinical writing as practiced by East Asian Medicine clinicians in the United States today-the case study and the case *** has its strengths and weaknesses;each is suited to different *** case study is ideal for education and the practice of narrative medicine,whereas the case report has played a vital role in propelling East Asian Medicine into the arena of modern scientific research.

关键词： Case record Case report Case study Herbal medicine Narrative medicine

First Pig-to-Live Human Xenotransplant Produces Mixed Results

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Engineering 2022年第9期16卷 6-8页

作者： sarah C.P.Williams Senior Technology Writer

On 7 January 2022,a 57-year-old man with terminal heart disease became the first living human to receive a genetically modified pig organ—a heart—transplanted into his chest during a 8 h surgery at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore,MD,USA(Fig.1)[1].The pig heart,provided by the biotechnology company Revivicor(Blacksburg,VA,USA),had ten gene modifications intended to boost the chances of a successful pig-to-human transplant.

关键词： Maryland Human boost

Microbial community coalescence and nitrogen cycling in simulated mortality decomposition hotspots

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Ecological Processes 2023年第3期12卷 172-188页

作者： sarah W.Keenan Alexandra L.Emmons Jennifer M.DeBruyn Department of Geology and Geological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Department of Anthropology University of Tennessee Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee

Background The pulsed introduction of dead plant and animal material into soils represents one of the primary mechanisms for returning organic carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) compounds to biogeochemical cycles. Decomposition of animal carcasses provides a high C and N resource that stimulates indigenous environmental microbial communities and introduces non-indigenous, carcass-derived microbes to the environment. However, the dynamics of the coalesced microbial communities, and the relative contributions of environment-and carcass-derived microbes to C and N cycling are unknown. To test whether environment-derived, carcass-derived, or the combined microbial communities exhibited a greater influence on C and N cycling, we conducted controlled laboratory experiments that combined carcass decomposition fluids and soils to simulate carcass decomposition hotspots. We selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities and create different combinations of environment-and carcass-derived communities and incubated the treatments under three temperatures(10, 20, and 30 ℃).Results Carcass-derived bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios, albeit at low abundances. Mixed communities had higher respiration rates at 10 and 30 ℃ compared to soil or carcass communities alone. Interestingly, at higher temperatures, mixed communities had reduced diversity, but higher respiration, suggesting functional redundancy. Mixed communities treatments also provided evidence that carcass-associated microbes may be contributing to ammonification and denitrification, but that nitrification is still primarily carried out by native soil *** Our work yields insight into the dynamics of microbial communities that are coalescing during carcass decomposition, and how they contribute to recycling carcasses in terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carcass decomposition Microcosm Nitrogen Carbon Biogeochemical cycling Coalescence