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Correlation of endoscopic disease severity with pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index score in children and young adults with ulcerative colitis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3322-3329页

作者： Basavaraj Kerur Heather j Litman julia Bender Stern sarah Weber jenifer R Lightdale Paul A Rufo Athos Bousvaros Pediatric Gastroenterology Hasbro Children's Hospital Corrona LLC Southborough Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Children's Hospital Boston Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology UMass Memorial Medical CenterUniversity Campus Worcester

AIM To investigate of pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index(PUCAI) in ulcerative colitis correlate with mucosal inflammation and endoscopic assessment of disease activity(Mayo endoscopic score).METHODS We reviewed charts from ulcerative colitis patients who had undergone both colonoscopy over 3 years. Clinical assessment of disease severity within 35 d(either before or after) the colonoscopy were included. Patients were excluded if they had significant therapeutic interventions(such as the start of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents) between the colonoscopy and the clinical assessment. Mayoendoscopic score of the rectum and sigmoid were done by two gastroenterologists. Inter-observer variability in Mayo score was *** We identified 99 patients(53% female, 74% pancolitis) that met inclusion criteria. The indications for colonoscopy included ongoing disease activity(62%), consideration of medication change(10%), assessment of medication efficacy(14%), and cancer screening(14%). Based on PUCAI scores, 33% of patients were in remission, 39% had mild disease, 23% had moderate disease, and 4% had severe disease. There was "moderate-substantial" agreement between the two reviewers in assessing rectal Mayo scores(kappa = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.41-0.68). CONCLUSION Endoscopic disease severity(Mayo score) assessed by reviewing photographs of pediatric colonoscopy has moderate inter-rater reliability, and agreement was less robust in assessing patients with mild disease activity. Endoscopic disease severity generally correlates with clinical disease severity as measured by PUCAI score. However, children with inflamed colons can have significant variation in their reported clinical symptoms. Thus, assessment of both clinical symptoms and endoscopic disease severity may be required in future clinical studies.

关键词： Ulcerative 大肠炎小儿科的 ulcerative 大肠炎活动索引 Mayo 分数

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Hospital readmissions in decompensated cirrhotics: Factors pointing toward a prevention strategy

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第37期23卷 6868-6876页

作者： Siamak M Seraj Emily j Campbell sarah K Argyropoulos Kara Wegermann Raymond T Chung james M Richter Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Hospital Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School

AIM To reduce readmissions and improve patient outcomes in cirrhotic patients through better understanding of readmission *** We performed a single-center retrospective study of patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis from january 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013(n = 222). Primary outcomes were time to first readmission and 30-d readmission rate due to complications of cirrhosis. Clinical and demographic data were collected to help describe predictors of readmission, along with care coordination measures such as post-discharge status and outpatient follow-up. Univariate and multivariateanalyses were performed to describe variables associated with *** One hundred thirty-two patients(59.4%) were readmitted at least once during the study period. Median time to first and second readmissions were 54 and 93 d, respectively. Thirty and 90-d readmission rates were 20.7 and 30.1 percent, respectively. Predictors of 30-d readmission included education level, hepatic encephalopathy at index, ALT more than upper normal limit and Medicare coverage. There were no statistically significant differences in readmission rates when stratified by discharge disposition, outpatient follow-up provider or time to first outpatient *** Readmissions are challenging aspect of care for cirrhotic patients and risk continues beyond 30 d. More initiatives are needed to develop enhanced, longitudinal post-discharge systems.

关键词：长期的疾病再进医院肝疾病重新接纳肝硬化长期的照顾

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Early osmotic adjustment responses in drought-resistant and drought-sensitive oilseed rape

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第8期56卷 797-809页

作者： sarah Hatzig L.Irina Zaharia Suzanne Abrams Marie Hohmann Laurie Legoahec Alain Bouchereau Nathalie Nesi Rod j.Snowdon Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University National Research Council of Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan UMR 1349 INRA-AgroCampus Ouest-Université de Rennes 1 Joint Laboratory for Genetics Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP) Bat.301 BP 35327 35653 Le Rheu Cedex France

The impact of osmotic stress on growth, physiolo- gy, and metabolism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） was investigated by detailed analysis of biomass traits, hormone metabolites and osmolytes in two genetically unrelated drought-tolerant genotypes and two unrelated drought-sensitive genotypes. Seedlings were grown in vitro under controlled conditions and osmotic stress was simulated by applying a gradual treatment with polyethylene glycol （PEG 6ooo）, followed by hypo-osmotic treatment of variants used for metabolite determination. The results provide a basis for the identification of reliable selection criteria for drought resistance in oilseed rape. The in vitro cultivation system established during this study enabled effective discrimination of early osmotic stress responses between drought-resistant and -susceptible oilseed rape genotypes that also show large differences in relative seed yield under drought conditions in the field. Clear physiological and metabolic differences wereobserved between the drought-resistant and drought-sensitive genotypes, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is a key component of drought response in oilseed rape. Unexpected- ly, however, the drought-resistant genotypes did not show typical hormonal adjustment and osmolyte accumulation, suggesting that they possess alternative physiological mech- anisms enabling avoidance of stress symptoms.

关键词： Abscisic acid Brassica napus drought hormones metabolites

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Glycogen and amyloid-beta: key players in the shift from neuronal hyperactivity to hypoactivity observed in Alzheimer's disease?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第7期10卷 1023-1025页

作者： Britanny Bass sarah Upson Kamolika Roy Emily L.Montgomery Tuula O.jalonen Ian V.j.Murray Department of Physiology and Neuroscience St.George’s University School of Medicine

Introduction：Alzheimer’s disease（AD）begins to develop decades prior to its clinical manifestation（Sperling et al.,2011）,and while it is the most common form of dementia,as of yet there is no *** of the most researched pathological features contributing to disease development are the extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-beta proteins（Aβ）and neurofibrillary tangles of tau *** feature of AD is the progression of early neuronal excitability/hyperactivity to silencing/hypoactivity（Palop and Mucke,2010）,

关键词： Glycogen and amyloid-beta key players in the shift from neuronal hyperactivity to hypoactivity observed in Alzheimer’s disease

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Gabapentin prevalence:clinical and forensic experience in ***,Missouri,USA

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 218-223页

作者： sarah B.Riley Kelsie Garbutt Chelsea Crow T.Scott Isbell Anthony j.Scalzo school of Medicine Department of Pathology saint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUs school of Medicine Department of Pediatrics saint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUs Department of sociology and anthropology Forensic sciences Programsaint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUSA

Gabapentin(Neurontin)is an anti-epileptic drug that has had wide off-label prescription use since market release due to presumed negligible abuse ***,trends in drug misuse have demonstrated that gabapentin misuse is occurring,particularly in those with a history of opioid *** is concerning,because although gabapentin has no direct ligand activity at opioid receptors,it does potentiate the analgesic effect of opioids,and concurrent use of gabapentin and opioids may increase the risk of respiratory depressive effects of *** study investigates the incidence of gabapentin detected in urine samples collected for clinical drug screening purposes in a local hospital emergency department and in postmortem samples submitted by medical examiners in the *** metropolitan *** prevalence of gabapentin and co-detected drugs in both populations is contrasted,compared,and *** study found that 30%of urine samples collected from patients with suspected drug intoxication presenting to SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital,a quaternary care medical center,were positive for gabapentin,and nearly two thirds of those were also positive for *** a 6-month period,the incidence of gabapentin positive postmortem cases increased from 18%to 20%.Nearly all gabapentin positive postmortem cases were also positive for an opioid,the most significant being fentanyl,suggesting that gabapentin misuse may be due to its potentiating effect of opioid drug *** study also highlights the limited utility of immunoassay-based urine drug screens.

关键词： Forensic toxicology clinical toxicology substance misuse gabapentin urine drug screening postmortem mass spectrometry

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Growth mechanisms of Ag and Cu nanodendrites via Galvanic replacement reactions

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2021年第1期31卷 141-151页

作者： jialu Chen jemima j.Davies Alister S.Goodfellow sarah M.D.Hall Helena G.Lancaster Xinyu Liu Cameron j.Rhodes Wuzong Zhou School of Chemistry University of St Andrews

Dendritic silver and copper crystals were produced via Galvanic replacement reactions on zinc and aluminum plates, respectively. The growth orientations of these metals were determined using electron microscopy. The results showed that a fast crystal growth associated with a high concentration of metal cations led to kinetically controlled growth along the axes of the cubic close-packed structures. However, a slow growth rate resulted in thermodynamically controlled growth along the [111] axis. The crystal growth was not found to rely upon the direct deposition of metal cations at crystallographic sites on crystal facets, but instead, hydrated metal cations deposited on the crystal surface to form an amorphous coating layer, followed by the reduction of metal cations and crystallization at the crystal/coating interface. Twin defects and stacking faults were often observed across the whole particle and commonly observed1/3{422} diffraction spots were explained by stacking faults rather than by the possible presence of any superstructures. The present work offers evidences to claim that both the crystal growth rate and Coulomb interaction between negatively charged crystal surface and metal cations play an important role in the formation of metal dendrites in replacement reactions.

关键词： Silver nanodendrite Copper nanodendrite Electron microscopy Stacking fault Crystal growth

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Tomato fruit as a model for tissue-specific gene silencing in crop plants

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 839-845页

作者： Ari Feder sarah jensen Anquan Wang Lance Courtney Lesley Middleton joyce Van Eck Yongsheng Liu james j.Giovannoni Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology230009 HefeiChina Section of Plant Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthIthacaNYUSA

Use of CRISPR-Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated 9)-mediated genome editing has proliferated for use in numerous plant species to modify gene function and expression,usually in the context of either transient or stably inherited genetic *** extremely useful in many applications,modification of some loci yields outcomes detrimental to further experimental evaluation or viability of the target *** of Cas9 under a promoter conferring gene knockouts in a tissue-specific subset of genomes has been demonstrated in insect and animal models,and recently in *** developed an in planta GFP(green fluorescent protein)assay system to demonstrate fruit-specific gene editing in tomato using a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2 gene *** then targeted a SET-domain containing polycomb protein,SlEZ2,previously shown to yield pleiotropic phenotypes when targeted via ^(35)S-driven RNA interference and we were able to characterize fruit phenotypes absent additional developmental ***-specific gene editing will have applications in assessing function of essential genes otherwise difficult to study via germline modifications and will provide routes to edited genomes in tissues that could not otherwise be recovered when their germline modification perturbs their normal development.

关键词： otherwise specific editing

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Randomized controlled trials in frontotemporal dementia: cognitive and behavioral outcomes

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2014年第1期3卷 89-97页

作者： justin B Miller sarah j Banks Gabriel C Léger jeffrey L Cummings Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health888 W.Bonneville AveLas VegasNevada 89106USA

Progress has been made in understanding the genetics and molecular biology of frontotemporal dementia(FTD).Targets for intervention have been identified,therapies are being developed,and clinical trials are advancing.A major challenge for FTD research is that multiple underlying pathologies can be associated with heterogeneous *** neuropsychological profiles associated with FTD spectrum disorders often include executive dysfunction,language impairments and behavioral *** variant FTD is characterized by an initial presentation of changes in personality,behavior and/or emotion,which are often difficult to objectively capture using traditional neuropsychological *** two principal language variants of FTD are Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia(PNFA)with predominant agrammatic/non-fluent impairments and Semantic Dementia(SD)with semantic impairments and visual *** of appropriate endpoints for clinical trials is critical to ensure that the measures are adequately sensitive to detect change,yet specific enough to isolate signal from noise,and acceptable to regulatory *** the anticipated potential for small effect sizes,measures must be able to identify small incremental changes over *** is also imperative that the measures provide adequate coverage of the constructs or behaviors of *** outcome measures should be suitable for repeat administration,yet relatively robust to practice effects to ensure that observed changes reflect true signal variance and not residual effects due to repeated measurement or poor *** facilitate widespread adoption as an endpoint,measures should be readily *** provide several examples of potential global,composite,and individual cognitive measures,as well as behavioral measures promising for FTD *** and application of appropriate trial outcomes is critically important to success in advancing new treatments for FTD patients.

关键词： Frontotemporal dementia Primary endpoints Secondary endpoints Randomized controlled trial Methods

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Sequencing of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis： perspectives and approaches

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第11期13卷 1871-1874页

作者： Francois Grand'Maison Michael Yeung sarah A. Morrow Liesly Lee Francois Emond Brian j. Ward Pierre Laneuville Robyn Schecter Neuro Rive-Sud Hospital Charles LeMoyne Greenfield Park Quebec Canada Clinical Neurosciences Foothills Medical Centre Calgary Alberta Canada London Health Sciences Center (LHSC) Western University London Ontario Canada Department of Neurology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec - hospital de l'Enfant-jesus Quebec City Quebec Canada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Montreal Quebec Canada Department of Medicine McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. Dotal Quebec Canada

Multiple sclerosis（MS） is characterized by chronic inflammation in conjunction with neurodegeneration within the central nervous system. Most individuals with MS begin with a relapsing remitting course that later transitions to secondary progressive MS. Currently available disease-modifying therapies（DMTs） for relapsing MS have been demonstrated to reduce disease activity, however most patients require a change in therapy over the course of their disease. Treatment goals include the prevention of relapses and disability accumulation and to achieve this objective requires careful planning. Sequencing of DMTs for individual patients should be designed in such a way to maximize disease control and minimize risk based on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of each therapy. This includes the DMT patients are being switched from to those they are being switched to. The reversibility of immune system effects should be a key consideration for DMT sequence selection. This feature varies across DMTs and should factor more prominently in decision making as newer treatments become available for the prevention of disability accumulation in patients with progressive MS. In this short review, we discuss the landscape of existing therapies with an eye to the future when planning for optimal DMT sequencing. While no cure exists for MS, efforts are being directed toward research in neuroregeneration with the hope for positive outcomes.

关键词： relapsing multiple sclerosis high efficacy disease-modifying therapies treatment optimization treatment sequencing therapeutic inertia sub-optimal treatment progressive disease immune effects

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澳大利亚的新举动全面解封后澳旅游业恢复仍需时间

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中国会展 2022年第4期 58-61页

作者： sarah j.F.Braley 裴超(编译) 不详

《每日电讯报》2月13日报道,旅游业数据显示,尽管澳洲即将重开国际边境,但国际游客数量仍需数年才能恢复至疫情前水平。业界人士还表示,该行业人手短缺的问题将持续,但留学生和打工度假者的回归可以缓解这一问题。

关键词：《每日电讯报》旅游业数据显示游客数量澳大利亚留学生

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