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A randomized controlled trial of Promoting Physical Activity in Regional and Remote Cancer Survivors(PPARCS)

journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 81-89页

作者： sarah j.hardcastle Chloe Maxwell-Smith Vinicius Cavalheri Terry Boyle Marta Leyton Román Cameron Platell Michael Levitt Christobel Saunders Frank Sardelic Sophie Nightingale jacob McCormick Craig Lynch Paul A.Cohen Max Bulsara Dana Hince Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS102BPUK Institute for Health Research The University of Notre DameFremantleWA 6959Australia Curtin School of Population Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Allied Health South Metropolitan Health ServiceMurdochWA 6150Australia Australian Centre for Precision Health University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia Department of Didactics of Musical Plastic and Body ExpressionUniversity of ExtremaduraCaceres 10071Spain St.john of God Subiaco Hospital PerthWA 6008Australia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Tamara Private Hospital TamworthNSW 2340Australia Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre MelbourneVIC 3000Australia College of Health and Medicine Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer survivors.Trials of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with health coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in Australia.Methods:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control arms.Intervention participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone health coaching sessions.Control participants received PA print materials.Accelerometer assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary behavior.Results:Eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention group.Both groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group differences.Conclusion:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.

关键词： Behavior change Exercise Health disparities Oncology Wearable technology

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Long-term olfactory loss post-COVID-19:Pathobiology and potential therapeutic strategies

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 148-155页

作者： sarah Kim john B.Finlay Tiffany Ko Bradley j.Goldstein Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Medical Scientist Training Program Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Neurobiology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

An acute loss of smell emerged as a striking symptom present in roughly half of the people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.In most COVID-19 patients,olfaction recovers over the course of a few weeks.However,a lasting partial or complete loss of smell,often associated with distorted olfactory perceptions termed parosmia,has emerged as a widespread problem impacting at least 5%-10%of those who experience anosmia due to COVID-19.Our inability to offer effective therapies to this hyposmic or anosmic population,comprising millions of patients,highlights an enormous unmet need for the medical system.Here,we summarize the current understanding of the pathobiology causing acute olfactory loss due to SARS-CoV-2 infection,focusing on how the virus interacts with the peripheral olfactory system,a major site of viral infection.We also explore the problem of long-COVID olfactory dysfunction,which may accompany other persistent systemic disorders collectively termed postacute sequelae of COVID-19.Specifically,we discuss an emerging model focused on unresolved immune cell activity driving ongoing dysfunction.Finally,we review current and future therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring olfactory function.

关键词： hyposmia inflammation long-COVID parosmia

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Management of monogenic diabetes in pregnancy:A narrative review

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World journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 15-23页

作者： Mohammad Sadiq jeeyavudeen sarah R Murray Mark W j Strachan Metabolic Unit Western General HospitalEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh EH164TJUnited Kingdom

Pregnancy in women with monogenic diabetes is potentially complex,with significant implications for both maternal and fetal health.Among these,maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)stands out as a prevalent monogenic diabetes subtype frequently encountered in clinical practice.Each subtype of MODY requires a distinct approach tailored to the pregnancy,diverging from management strategies in non-pregnant individuals.Glucokinase MODY(GCK-MODY)typically does not require treatment outside of pregnancy,but special considerations arise when a woman with GCK-MODY becomes pregnant.The glycemic targets in GCK-MODY pregnancies are not exclusively dictated by the maternal/paternal MODY genotype but are also influenced by the genotype of the developing fetus.During pregnancy,the choice between sulfonylurea or insulin for treating hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha(HNF1A)-MODY and HNF4A-MODY depends on the mother’s specific circumstances and the available expertise.Management of other rarer MODY subtypes is individu-alized,with decisions made on a case-by-case basis.Therefore,a collaborative approach involving expert diabetes and obstetric teams is crucial for the compre-hensive management of MODY pregnancies.

关键词： Diabetes Pregnancy Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Insulin Sulphonylurea Glucokinase Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha,hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta,and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha

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Finding biomarkers of experience in animals

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 925-944页

作者： sarah Babington Alan j.Tilbrook Shane K.Maloney jill N.Fernandes Tamsyn M.Crowley Luoyang Ding Archa H.Fox Song Zhang Elise A.Kho Daniel Cozzolino Timothy j.Mahony Dominique Blache School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia Centre for Animal Science The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Veterinary Science The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia School of Medicine Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2350Australia College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

At a time when there is a growing public interest in animal welfare,it is critical to have objective means to assess the way that an animal experiences a situation.Objectivity is critical to ensure appropriate animal welfare outcomes.Existing behavioural,physiological,and neurobiological indicators that are used to assess animal welfare can verify the absence of extremely negative outcomes.But welfare is more than an absence of negative outcomes and an appropriate indicator should reflect the full spectrum of experience of an animal,from negative to positive.In this review,we draw from the knowledge of human biomedical science to propose a list of candidate biological markers(biomarkers)that should reflect the experiential state of non-human animals.The proposed biomarkers can be classified on their main function as endocrine,oxidative stress,non-coding molecular,and thermobiological markers.We also discuss practical challenges that must be addressed before any of these biomarkers can become useful to assess the experience of an animal in real-life.

关键词： Animal experience Animal welfare Biomarker Stress Welfare assessment

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Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： David R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ashish jaiswal Cecilia Rad-Menendez Michael j.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana C.El Assal sarah Daakour Michael W.Lomas jean-Claude Twizere David H.Green William C.Ratcliff Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Center for Genomics and Systems Biology(CGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology Research Center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicellularity phenotypes.However,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain uncharacterized.In this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal relatives.Genes for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular processes.Adhesome genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche adaptation.Collectively,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements

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Exploring the Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Depression among Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in Saudi Arabia’s jazan Region

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International journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第5期26卷 351-359页

作者： Abdullah A.Alharbi Ahmad Y.Alqassim Mohammed A.Muaddi Najat H.Aldubayyan Rana I.Abuhadi Futon A.Akoor sarah j.Mobarki Imtenan A.Oberi Ghaidaa H.Alharbi Yara Ajeebi Adnan M.Alkhayat Hafiz Malhan Mohammed Bakkar Anwar M.Makeen Family and Community Medicine Department Faculty of MedicineJazan UniversityJazan45142Saudi Arabia Laboratory Department King Fahd Central HospitalMinistry of HealthJazan45142Saudi Arabia Internal Medicine Department Prince Mohammad bin Nasser HospitalMinistry of HealthJazan45142Saudi Arabia Hematology Department King AbdulAziz Medical City for National GuardRiyadh11426Saudi Arabia

Sickle Cell Anemia(SCA)is a prevalent genetic condition in Saudi Arabia,particularly in the jazan region.The study’s purpose was to assess the prevalence of de-pression among individuals with SCA in this area and to identify the factors associated with this condition.The study involved 391 adult participants,all patients in the hematology center of Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital(PMNH).Data was collected through an anonymous interview questionnaire–the Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)–between March–May 2022.The questionnaire covered socio-demographic information and variables related to the participant’s SCA history,such as pain levels,frequency of pain,hospitalization duration,and frequency of blood transfusions.These variables underwent Chi-square and One-way ANOVA testing,followed by multivariate regression.The study found a 42%prevalence of depression among the SCA patients.Factors significantly linked with heightened depression levels included being widowed or divorced,experiencing frequent and severe pain,and longer duration of hospital stays.An educational level of at least a bachelor’s degree was also a significant factor.The study reveals a high prevalence of depression among SCA patients in the jazan region.It underscores the need for policymakers to educate both physicians and patients about the importance of mental health in SCA management.The study also highlights the need for more research into the specific causes and effects of depressive symptoms in SCA patients to inform the creation of effective management plans.

关键词： Sickle cell anemia prevalence depression public health policy jazan region Saudi Arabia

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Periorbital rejuvenation in the clinic:A state-of-the-art review

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第3期9卷 242-248页

作者： sarah M.Russel j.Madison Clark Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:To provide an overview of the various treatment options available in the clinic to achieve periorbital rejuvenation.Data Sources:Literature review and expert opinion.Conclusions:Periorbital rejuvenation in the clinic can be accomplished through a variety of treatment modalities,including topical therapies,skin resurfacing,and fillers and injectables.Furthermore,some surgical approaches,such as upper blepharoplasties,ptosis,and brow lifts,can be performed in the clinic under local anesthesia with only mild oral sedation.However,the successful execution of such procedures depends on proper patient selection and maximizing patient comfort.

关键词： blepharoplasty chemexfoliation laser therapy rejuvenation skin aging

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Towards an actionable One Health approach

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-6页

作者： Zhang Xiao-Xi Lederman Zohar Han Le-Fei Schurer janna M. Xiao Li-Hua Zhang Zhi-Bing Chen Qiu-Lan Pfeiffer Dirk Ward Michael P. Sripa Banchob Gabri?l sarah Dhama Kuldeep Acharya Krishna Prasad Robertson Lucy j. Deem Sharon L. Aenishaenslin Cécile Dantas-Torres Filipe Otranto Domenico Grace Delia Wang Yang Li Peng Fu Chao Poeta Patrícia Rahman Md. Tanvir Kassegne Kokouvi Zhu Yong-Zhang Yin Kun Liu jiming Wang Zhao-jun Guo Xiao-Kui Gong Wen-Feng Schwartl?nder Bernhard Ren Ming-Hui Zhou Xiao-Nong Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Camden Australia Tropical Disease Research Center Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand Laboratory of foodborne parasitic zoonoses Department of translational physiology infectiology and public health Chair Faculty Committee on Internationalisation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University Merelbeke Belgium Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India Department of Livestock Services Animal Quarantine Office-Kathmandu Budhanilkantha Kathmandu Nepal Parasitology Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences ?s Norway One Government Drive Saint Louis Zoo Institute for Conservation Medicine St. Louis USA Groupe de Recherche en épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP) Faculté de médecine vétérinaire Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe Québec Canada Centre de recherche en santé publique de l Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’?le-de-Montréal Montréal Québec Canada Department of Immunology Aggeu Magalh?es Institute Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz) Recife Brazil School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Bari Valenzano Italy Department of Pathobiology Faculty of Veterinary Science Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Maritime UK International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Director of Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing People’s Republic of China Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network O

Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest impact.Main text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One Health implementation.Conclusions By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One Health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One Health.

关键词： One Health Global Health One Health Action Commission Research agenda

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Nociceptors are needed to guide tooth development,function,repair,and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1503-1504页

作者： sarah B.Peters joshua j.Emrick Division of Biosciences College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences&Prosthodontics School of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA

Toothaches have received widespread attention and commentary dating back to ancient times,appearing in Egyptian texts from over 3000 years ago and the writings of Hippocrates,Aristotle,and Galen.Scientific studies of the innervation of dental pulp and dentin date back to at least the 1800’s,yet our understanding of the basis for tooth pain is still limited.Standard treatments for toothache continue to be drastic and irreversible,including removal of the dental pulp or extraction of the tooth.While the trigeminal sensory innervation of the tooth pulp is commonly the origin of toothache pain,it is also indispensable for normal function and physiology,and should be retained as an integral part of the repaired tooth.Repair or regeneration of the dental pulp and its innervation could represent the next step in restorative dentistry,but a better understanding of the roles of the tooth’s sensory nerve supply and the mechanisms underlying its development and repair is needed.

关键词： function irreversible repair

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Reducing potassium deficiency by using sodium fertilisation

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 151-160页

作者： sarah j.Thorne Frans j.M.Maathuis Department of Biology University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Department of Biology University of YorkYork YO15DDUK

Potassium(K)is the most abundant cation in the vast majority of plants.It is required in large quantities which,in an agronomic context,typically necessitates application of K in the form of potash or other K fertilisers.Recently,the price of K fertiliser has risen dramatically,a situation that is paralleled by increasing K deficiency of soils around the globe.A potential solution to this problem is to reduce crop K fertiliser dependency by replacing it with sodium(Na)fertiliser which carries a much smaller price tag.In this paper we discuss the physiological roles of K and Na and the implications of Na fertilisation for crop cultivation and soil management.By using greenhouse growth assays we show distinct growth promotion after Na fertilisation in wheat,tomato,oilseed and sorghum.Our results also show that up to 60%of tissue K can be substituted by Na without growth penalty.Based on these data,simple economic models suggest that(part)replacement of K fertiliser with Na fertiliser leads to considerable savings.

关键词： Deficiency Fertiliser Nutrient Potassium Salinity Sodium

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