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Recovery of threatened plant species and their habitats in the biodiversity hotspot of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region

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Plant Diversity 2019年第2期41卷 59-74页

作者： Leonie Monks sarah Barrett Brett Beecham Margaret Byrne Alanna Chant David Coates j.Anne Cochrane Andrew Crawford Rebecca Dillon Colin Yates Biodiversity and Conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions

The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery proj.cts that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.

关键词： Threatened species Threatening processes Conservation Recovery Restoration Biodiversity hotspot

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Microgeographic Variation and Inter-Riffle Migration of <i>Rhinichthys atratulus</i>(Pisces: Cyprinidae) in a Small Connecticut Stream, United States

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Open j.urnal of Ecology 2020年第7期10卷 460-481页

作者： Sage j. Loomis Kayla Anatone Laura Bither sarah j. Kang Nola Neri David Machado Michelle L. Kraczkowski Barry Chernoff College of the Environment Wesleyan University Middletown USA Department of Biology Wesleyan University Middletown USA Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Wesleyan University Middletown USA Department of Biology University of Saint Joseph West Hartford USA Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences Wesleyan University Middletown USA

We examined the genetic diversity on a microgeographic scale of Rhinichthys atratulus (Eastern Blacknose Dace) in Allyn Brook, a small tributary in the upper Coginchaug River drainage in Connecticut. By looking at gene flow on a microgeographic scale among populations that had no physical barriers to migration, we tested the null hypothesis that the populations should be homogeneous. We resolved seven polymorphic microsatellite loci and one mitochondrial gene, nd2, in three adj.cent populations (5 km) in the Coginchaug River. A dam from the 1920’s in lower Allyn Brook has isolated Allyn-Brook populations from Coginchaug-River populations. Allyn Brook was selected because there are only three riffle habitats in the brook and, therefore, there can be no immigration from upstream populations. Each population has private (i.e., unique) alleles and haplotypes, and there are significant genetic differences between all sites. The Allyn Brook populations are almost as different from one another as they are from the distant populations in the Coginchaug River from which they have been isolated for more than 80 years. These results point to in situ evolution and little migration or gene flow among populations on a microgeographic scale. This raises interesting questions for conservation of genetic diversity of stream fishes.

关键词： Migration Microgeographic Differentiation Population Ecology Gene Flow Rhinichthys atratulus

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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis severity is defined by a failure in compensatory antioxidant capacity in the setting of mitochondrial dysfunction

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2018年第16期24卷 1748-1765页

作者： Michelle L Boland Stephanie Oldham Brandon B Boland sarah Will j.an-Martin Lapointe Silvia Guionaud Christopher j.Rhodes j.mes L Trevaskis Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases MedImmune LLC Pathology MedImmune Ltd. Pathology Drug Safety and MetabolismIMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca

AIM To comprehensively evaluate mitochondrial(dys) function in preclinical models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS We utilized two readily available mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) with or without progressive fibrosis: Lep^(ob)/Lep^(ob)(ob/ob) and FATZO mice on high trans-fat, high fructose and high cholesterol(AMLN) diet. Presence of NASH was assessed using immunohistochemical and pathological techniques, and gene expression profiling. Morphological features of mitochondria were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, and function was assessed by measuring oxidative capacity in primary hepatocytes, and respiratory control and proton leak in isolated mitochondria. Oxidative stress was measured by assessing activity and/or expression levels of Nrf1, Sod1, Sod2, catalase and 8-OHdG. RESULTS When challenged with AMLN diet for 12 wk, ob/ob and FATZO mice developed steatohepatitis in the presence of obesity and hyperinsulinemia. NASH development was associated with hepatic mitochondrial abnormalities, similar to those previously observed in humans, including mitochondrial accumulation and increased proton leak. AMLN diet also resulted in increased numbers of fragmented mitochondria in both strains of mice. Despite similar mitochondrial phenotypes, we found that ob/ob mice developed more advanced hepatic fibrosis. Activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) was increased in ob/ob AMLN mice, whereas FATZO mice displayed increased catalase activity, irrespective of diet. Furthermore, 8-OHd G, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, was significantly increased in ob/ob AMLN mice compared to FATZO AMLN mice. Therefore, antioxidant capacity reflected as the ratio of catalase:SOD activity was similar between FATZO and C57 BL6 j.control mice, but significantly perturbed in ob/ob mice. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress, and/or the capacity to compensate for increased oxidative stress, in the setting of mitochondrial dysfunction, is

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Steatosis Fibrosis Mitochondrial function Oxidative stress

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Assessing the USLE Crop and Management Factor C for Soil Erosion Modeling in a Large Mountainous Watershed in Central China

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j.urnal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 835-845页

作者： sarah Schnbrodt Patrick Saumer Thorsten Behrens Christoph Seeber Thomas Scholten Institute of Geography Department of Physical Geography and Soil Science University of Tübingen Science Strategy Coordination and Planning Office European Space Agency-ESRIN Center for International Development and Environmental Research Giessen University

Due to the impoundment of the Yangtze River, the Three Gorges Dam in China fosters high land-use dynamics. Soil erosion is expected to increase dramatically. One of the key factors in soil erosion control is the vegetation cover and crop type. However, determining these factors adequately for the use in soil erosion modeling is very time-consuming especially for large mountainous areas, such as the Xiangxi （香溪） catchment in the Three Gorges area. In our study, the crop and management factor C was calculated using the fractional vegetation cover （CFvc） based on Landsat-TM images from 2005, 2006, and 2007 and on literature studies （CLIT）. In 2007, the values of CFvc range between 0.001 and 0.98 in the Xiangxi catchment. The mean CFVC value is 0.05. CLIT values are distinctly higher, ranging from 0.08 to 0.46 with a mean value of 0.32 in the Xiangxi catchment. The mean potential soil loss amounts to 120.62 t/ha/a in the Xiangxi catchment when using CLIT for modeling. Based on CFVC, the predicted mean soil loss in the Xiangxi catchment is 11.50 t/ha/a. Therefore, CLIT appears to bemore reliable than the C factor based on the fractional vegetation cover.

关键词： C factor soil erosion modeling Universal Soil Loss Equation fractional vegetation cover Three Gorges Dam Yangtze River.

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Is SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) different from other PVOD?

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World j.urnal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020年第S1期6卷 S26-S32页

作者： sarah A.Imam Wilson P.Lao Priyanka Reddy Shaun A.Nguyen Rodney j.Schlosser Department of Health and Human Performance The CitadelCharlestonSCUSA Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma LindaCAUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA

Background:The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to spread rapidly across the globe af-flicting many with Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19).As the infection rates rise,a growing number of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals have been reported to complain of olfactory distur-bances at an alarming *** olfactory dysfunction(PVOD)is a well-known phenome-non that may explain the olfactory dysfunction reported by SARS-CoV-2 infected ***:A scoping literature review was performed to identify studies that investigated the mechanisms of postviral olfactory *** demonstrating pathophysiological,his-tological,immunochemical,and epidemiological outcomes of PVOD were ***:Fourteen studies were included in addition to one international news *** studies reported destruction of the olfactory epithelium following intranasal inoculation of various viral strains in *** studies isolated pathogenic,anosmia inciting viruses(Para-influenza virus,Human Coronavirus,Rhinovirus)through nucleic acid *** studies demonstrated female predilection in patients with PVOD and COVID-19 associated ol-factory dysfunction,of which the maj.rity were over 50 years ***:PVOD and COVID-19 associated olfactory dysfunction demonstrates considerable similarities in epidemiological trends and disease sequela of other viruses to suggest identical pathophysiological *** studies such as intranasal inoculation and histological biopsies are needed to support our hypothesis.

关键词： Olfaction Olfactory disorders UPSIT SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) Postviral olfactory dysfunction

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Light-absorbing Particles in Snow and Ice: Measurement and Modeling of Climatic and Hydrological impact

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第1期32卷 64-91页

作者： Yun QIAN Teppei j.YASUNARI sarah j.DOHERTY Mark G.FLANNER William K.M.LAU MING j.ng Hailong WANG Mo WANG Stephen G.WARREN Rudong ZHANG Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research Universities Space Research Association NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Michigan Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park 20740MD USA Earth Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University

Light absorbing particles（LAP, e.g., black carbon, brown carbon, and dust） influence water and energy budgets of the atmosphere and snowpack in multiple ways. In addition to their effects associated with atmospheric heating by absorption of solar radiation and interactions with clouds, LAP in snow on land and ice can reduce the surface reflectance（a.k.a., surface darkening）, which is likely to accelerate the snow aging process and further reduces snow albedo and increases the speed of snowpack melt. LAP in snow and ice（LAPSI） has been identified as one of maj.r forcings affecting climate change, *** the fourth and fifth assessment reports of IPCC. However, the uncertainty level in quantifying this effect remains very high. In this review paper, we document various technical methods of measuring LAPSI and review the progress made in measuring the LAPSI in Arctic, Tibetan Plateau and other mid-latitude regions. We also report the progress in modeling the mass concentrations, albedo reduction, radiative forcing, and climatic and hydrological impact of LAPSI at global and regional scales. Finally we identify some research needs for reducing the uncertainties in the impact of LAPSI on global and regional climate and the hydrological cycle.

关键词： light-absorbing aerosol snow ice albedo measurement climate modeling hydrological cycle

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Differences in neuroplasticity after spinal cord inj.ry in varying animal models and humans

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 7-19页

作者： Mallory E.Filipp Benj.min j.Travis Stefanie S.Henry Emma C.Idzikowski sarah A.Magnuson Megan YF Loh Daniel j.Hellenbrand Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin

Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord inj.ry. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without therapeutic interventions, as assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale. However, many human patients suffer from permanent loss of motor function following spinal cord inj.ry. While rats are the most understood animal model, maj.r differences in sensorimotor pathways between quadrupeds and bipeds need to be considered. Understanding the maj.r differences between the sensorimotor pathways of rats, non-human primates, and humans is a start to improving targets for treatments of human spinal cord inj.ry. This review will discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain and spinal cord after spinal cord inj.ry in rats, non-human primates, and humans. A brief overview of emerging interventions to induce plasticity in humans with spinal cord inj.ry will also be discussed.

关键词：动物模型绳索损害四足动物治疗学老鼠运动小径

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Perianal endometriosis:An unusual cause of perianal pain

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2021年第4期1卷 225-227页

作者： j.W.K.Lee sarah S.Tang j.L.Ong H.B.Oh Bettina Lieske Department of Surgery University Surgical ClusterNational University Health SystemNational University HospitalSingapore 119074Singapore Department of Surgery Ng Teng Fong General HospitalSingapore 609606Singapore Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity Surgical ClusterNational University Health SystemNational University HospitalSingapore 119074Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

Endometriosis is a common clinical condition where functional endometrial tissue is found outside the uterine *** most of this ectopic tissue tends to occur within the pelvis,on rare occasions,they can also be found in unusual locations,such as the thoracic cavity,perianal,episiotomy scar,and previous abdominal wound *** is a case report of a healthy 41-year-old Chinese female who presented with a painful perianal lump which was subsequently investigated and *** diagnosis of perianal endometriosis was made upon histological examination of the *** theories attempt to explain the phenomenon of endometriosis in the perianal *** this case,the implantation theory is the likely explanation as the patient had a significant history of 3 normal vaginal deliveries which were followed by *** in endo-anal ultrasound(EAUS)have aided in the planning of surgery for this lesion.

关键词： Endoanal ultrasound Endometriosis Episiotomy Menstrual Perianal abscess

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Multiple Access Technologies for Cellular M2M Communications

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ZTE Communications 2016年第4期14卷 42-49页

作者： Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam sarah j.j.hnson School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Newcastle

This paper reviews the multiple access techniques for machine-to-machine(M2M) communications in future wireless cellular networks. M2M communications aims at providing the communication infrastructure for the emerging Internet of Things(IoT), which will revolutionize the way we interact with our surrounding physical environment. We provide an overview of the multiple access strategies and explain their limitations when used for M2M communications. We show the throughput efficiency of different multiple access techniques when used in coordinated and uncoordinated scenarios. Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is also shown to support a larger number of devices compared to orthogonal multiple access techniques, especially in uncoordinated scenarios. We also detail the issues and challenges of different multiple access techniques to be used for M2M applications in cellular networks.

关键词： Internet of Things(IoT) massive access machine-to-machine(M2M) communications multiple access

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Comparison of the extrusion rate of Crawford tubes

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International j.urnal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第4期8卷 791-793页

作者： Kira L.Segal sarah H.Van Tassel Charles Kim Nicole Hsu Ashutosh Kacker Gary j.Lelli j. Department of Ophthalmology Weill Cornell Medical College Department of Otolaryngology Weill Cornell Medical College

· AIM: To compare the outcomes of dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR) using traditional Crawford tubes(TCT) and Crawford tubes with suture(CTS) in the lumen.· METHODS: Retrospective case series consisting of patients who underwent DCR between 2008 and 2013.·RESULTS: A total of 61 DCRs were performed on 50 patients. Patients who underwent DCR using CTS had higher rates of prolapse compared to the TCT group(50% vs 9.4%; P =0.003). Stent removal occurred earlier in patients who received CTS(3.3mo vs 5.1mo; P =0.004). Success rates were equivalent between the two groups(75% vs 81.1%; P =0.684).·CONCLUSION: CTS in the lumen increases the risk of prolapse, prompting earlier tube removal in patients following DCR for nasolacrimal duct obstruction(NLDO).Earlier removal of tubes does not appear to significantly decrease success rates.

关键词： nasolacrimal duct obstruction dacryocystorhinostomy dacryocystitis

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