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The electrolyte comprising more robust water and superhalides transforms Zn-metal anode reversibly and dendrite-free

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Carbon Energy 2021年第2期3卷 339-348页

作者： Chong Zhang Woochul Shin Liangdong Zhu Cheng Chen joerg C.Neuefeind Yunkai Xu sarah I.Allec Cong Liu Zhixuan Wei Aigerim Daniyar jia‐Xing jiang Chong Fang P.Alex Greaney Xiulei ji Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry(Shaanxi Normal University) Ministry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina Department of Chemistry Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregon Spallation Neutron Source Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia Argonne National Laboratory Chemical Sciences and Engineering DivisionLemontIllinois

A great challenge for all aqueous batteries,including Zn-metal batteries,is the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction on the low-potential ***,we report the formula of a highly concentrated aqueous electrolyte that mitigates hydrogen evolution by transforming water molecules more *** electrolyte comprises primarily ZnCl_(2) and LiCl as an additive,both of which are inexpensive *** O-H covalent bonds in water get strengthened in a chemical environment that has fewer hydrogen bonding interactions and a greater number of Zn-Cl superhalides,as suggested by integrated characterization and *** a result,the average Coulombic efficiency of zincmetal anode is raised to an unprecedented>99.7%at 1mA cm^(−2).In the new electrolyte,the plating/stripping processes leave the zinc-metal anode dendrite-free,and the zinc-metal anode delivers stable plating/stripping cycles for 4000 hours with an areal capacity of 4 mAh cm^(−2) at 2mA cm^(−2).Furthermore,the high Coulombic efficiency of zinc-metal anode in the ZnCl_(2)-LiCl mixture electrolyte is demonstrated in full cells with a limited *** V_(2)O_(5)·H_(2)O||Zn full cell with an N/P mass ratio of 1.2 delivers a stable life of more than 2500 cycles,and the LiMn_(2)O_(4)||Zn hybrid cell with an N/P mass ratio of 0.6 exhibits 1500 cycles in its stable life.

关键词： LiCl reversibility stability water-in-salt electrolyte Zn anode ZnCl_(2)

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烟花散尽

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2016年

作者： (英)莎拉·杜楠特(sarah Dunant)

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艺术世界中的7天

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作者： (Thornton sarah)桑顿

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第2期10卷 268-280页

作者： sarah BUCKINGHAM Cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SMITH Vera EORY David R.CHADWICK Christina K.BAXTER joanna M.CLOY Shaun CONNOLLY Emily C.COOLEDGE Nicholas j.COWAN julia DREWER Colm DUFFY Naomi jFOX Asma jEBARI Becky jENKINS Dominika j.KROL Karina A.MARSDEN Graham A.MCAULIFFE Steven j.MORRISON Vincent O'FLAHERTY Rachael RAMSEY Karl G.RICHARDS Rainer ROEHE jo SMITH Kate SMITH Taro TAKAHASHI Rachel E.THORMAN john WILLIAMS jeremy WILTSHIRE Robert M.REES Scotland’s Rural College EdinburghEH93JGUK Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences AberdeenAB243UUUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityBangorGwyneddLL572DGUK Agricultural Development and Advisory Service(ADAS) BoxworthCambridgeCB234NNUK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayH91 TK33Ireland Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bush EstateMidlothianEH260QBUK The james Hutton Institute DundeeDD25DAUK Rothamsted Research North WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK Ricardo Energy&Environment HarwellOxonOX110QRUK Environment Soils and Land Use DepartmentTeagascCounty WexfordY35 TC97Ireland Agri-food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughCounty DownBT266DRUK Bristol Veterinary School University of BristolSomersetBS405DUUK

Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. However,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in March 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed.

关键词： agriculture ammonia greenhouse gas mitigation net zero

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Identification of new genetic risk factors for prostate cancer

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Asian journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 49-55页

作者： Michelle Guy Zsofia Kote-jarai Graham G. Giles Ali Amin Al Olama sarah K. jugurnauth Shani Mulholland Daniel A. Leongamomlert Stephen M. Edwards jonathan Morrison Helen I. Field Melissa C. Southey Gianluca Severi jenny L. Donovan Freddie C. Hamdy David R Dearnaley Kenneth R. Muir Charmaine Smith Melisa Bagnato Audrey T. Ardern-jones Amanda L. Hall Lynne T. O＇Brien Beatrice N. Gehr-Swain Rosemary A. Wilkinson Angela Cox sarah Lewis Paul M. Brown Sameer G. jhavar Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz Artitaya Lophatananon sarah L. Bryant The UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators British Association of Urological Surgeons＇ Section of Oncology and The UK ProtecT Study Collaborators Alan Horwich Robert A. Huddart Vincent S. Khoo Christopher C. Parker Christopher j. Woodhouse Alan Thompson Tim Christmas Chris Ogden Cyril Fisher Charles jameson Colin S. Cooper Dallas R. English john L. Hopper David E. Neal Douglas E Easton Rosalind A. Eeles Section of Cancer Genetics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton Surrey SM2 5NG UK Cancer Epidemiology Centre The Cancer Council Victoria Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Centre for Molecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology The University of Melbourne Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Department of Oncology University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3052 Australia Department of Social Medicine University of Bristol Bristol BS8 2PR UK Academic Urology Unit University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2JF UK The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT and London SW3 6JJ UK University of Nottingham Medical School Queens Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK Institute for Cancer Studies University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2RX UK Surgical Oncology （Uro-Oncology S4） Departments of Oncology and Surgery University of Cambridge Addenbrooke＇s Hospital Cambridge CB2 2QQ UK A full list of authors is provided in the Supplementary Note online Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK.

There is evidence that a substantial part of genetic predisposition to prostate cancer （PCa） may be due to lower penetrance genes which are found by genome-wide association studies. We have recently conducted such a study and seven new regions of the genome linked to PCa risk have been identified. Three of these loci contain candidate susceptibility genes： MSMB, LMTK2 and KLK2/3. The MSMB and KLK2/3 genes may be useful for PCa screening, and the LMTK2 gene might provide a potential therapeutic target. Together with results from other groups, there are now 23 germline genetic variants which have been reported. These results have the potential to be developed into a genetic test. However, we consider that marketing of tests to the public is premature, as PCa risk can not be evaluated fully at this stage and the appropriate screening protocols need to be developed. Follow-up validation studies, as well as studies to explore the psychological implications of genetic profile testing, will be vital prior to roll out into healthcare.

关键词： prostate cancer genetics susceptibility loci SNPs relative risks

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墨西哥两个水文封闭型高原湖泊沉积物记录到受人类活动影响的敏感度

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2005年第6期34卷 464-470页

作者： sarah j.Davies sarah E.Metcalfe Fernando Bernal-Brooks Arturo Chacón-Torres john G.Farmer A.B.MacKenzie Anthony j.Newton 李四海 Aberystwyth威尔士大学地理和地球科学研究所第四纪环境变化科研小组诺丁汉大学地理学院 de Investigaciones Sobre Recursos Naturales研究所爱丁堡大学地球科学学院苏格兰大学环境研究中心

本文提供了墨西哥中部两个高原湖泊近期环境快速变化的证据。从济拉温湖(米却肯州)和胡安艾卡特兰湖(哈利斯科州)获得了多个沉积物钻芯,利用^(210)Pb和^(14)C,以及火山灰年代测定法确定年代,进行了硅藻组合、磁化率和金属含量分析。在... 详细信息

本文提供了墨西哥中部两个高原湖泊近期环境快速变化的证据。从济拉温湖(米却肯州)和胡安艾卡特兰湖(哈利斯科州)获得了多个沉积物钻芯,利用^(210)Pb和^(14)C,以及火山灰年代测定法确定年代,进行了硅藻组合、磁化率和金属含量分析。在殖民时期,两盆地内有汇水区被扰动的迹象,但这两个地方最显著的特征是,最近20年来硅藻种群组合特征的快速变化,这指示着富营养化的开始。尽管在胡安艾卡特兰湖还没获得这方面的任何数据,但济拉温湖的湖泊学数据支持这种解释。古湖泊学在跟踪近期变化过程,特别是在缺乏常规湖泊监测计划的情况下是一种强有力的工具。这些湖泊对汇水区的开发变化特别敏感,必须在将来的流域管理中予以考虑。

关键词：湖泊沉积物高原湖泊人类活动影响敏感度墨西哥封闭型水文 ^210Pb 快速变化硅藻组合

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Linking science and decision making to promote an ecology for the city:practices and opportunities

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第9期2卷 18-27页

作者： j.Morgan Grove Daniel L.Childers Michael Galvin sarah Hines Tischa Muñoz-Erickson Erika S.Svendsen Baltimore Field Station USDA Forest ServiceBaltimoreMaryland 21228 USA School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287 USA Urban Field Station International Institute of Tropical ForestryUSDA Forest ServiceRío PiedrasPuerto Rico 00926-1119 USA New York City Field Station USDA Forest ServiceNew YorkNew York 10007 USA

To promote urban sustainability and resilience,there is an increasing demand for actionable science that links science and decision making based on social-ecological ***,frameworks,and practices for such actionable science are needed and have only begun to *** propose that approaches based on the co-design and co-production of knowledge can play an essential role to meet this *** the antecedents for approaches to the co-design and co-production of knowledge are decades old,the integration of science and practice to advance urban sustainability and resilience that we present is different in several *** differences include the disciplines needed,diversity and number of actors involved,and the technological infrastructures that facilitate local-to global *** this article,we discuss how the new requirements and possibilities for co-design,co-production,and practical use of social-ecological research can be used as an ecology for the city to promote urban sustainability and *** new technologies are part of the solution,traditional approaches also remain *** our urban experiences with long-term,place-based research from several ***-Term Ecological Research sites and *** of Agriculture,Forest Service Urban Field Stations,we describe a dynamic framework for linking research with *** posit that this framework,coupled with a user-defined,theory-based approach to science,is instrumental to advance both practice and ***,cities are ideal places for integrating basic science and decision making,facilitating flows of information through networks,and developing sustainable and resilient solutions and futures.

关键词： Baltimore co-design co-production ecology for cities long-term ecological research New York City Phoenix San juan social-ecological Special Feature:An Ecology in,of,and for the City transdisciplinary urban

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艺术世界中的七天

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作者： (美)萨拉·桑顿(sarah Thornton)

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Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 178-185页

作者： Xinglei Cui Adrian M.Paterson George LW.Perry sarah V.Wyse Md Azharul Alam Congde Huang Shixing Zhou Lin Xiao Changhong Lai Fang He Dongyu Cao Kate Marshall Timothy j.Curran Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China School of Environment University of AucklandAuckland1142New Zealand Bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand Sichuan Province Forestry and Grassland Environmental Monitoring Centre Chengdu610036China

Background:Flammability is a compound plant trait that can vary significantly across natural populations within *** intraspecific variation in flammability provides insights into the evolution of plant flam-mability and inform understanding of wildfire risk and behaviour in different ***:We measured four flammability variables,representing ignitibility(time to ignition),sustainability(total burning time),combustibility(maximum temperature during burning)and consumability(percentage of biomass consumed by fire)to assess the shoot-level flammability of Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium(***.)(Ericaceae),a polymorphic endemic species distributed throughout New *** examined the relationship between flammability components and a suite of climatic and geographic variables(elevation,latitude,mean annual temperature(MAT),mean annual rainfall(MAR)of the sample locations,etc.).Results:We measured shoot-level flammability components of 62 individuals across eight *** time,maximum temperature and burnt biomass were positively correlated with each other,while ignition score was independent of other flammability *** flammability components varied significantly across the eight *** habitat conditions we considered were not related to any of the shoot-level flammability components of ***:Intraspecific variation in flammability in *** may be a byproduct of selection on other functional traits,such as leaf size,shoot lipid content,indicating that plant flammability is an incidental result,rather than selected for,at least in ecosystems without fire as a selective force.

关键词： Dracophyllum Fire Flammability Habitat

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Rationally designed mariner vectors for functional genomic analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and other Pasteurellaceae species by transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS)

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Animal Diseases 2021年第4期1卷 249-261页

作者： janine T.Bossé Yanwen Li Leon G.Leanse Liqing Zhou Roy R.Chaudhuri sarah E.Peters jinhong Wang Gareth A.Maglennon Matthew T.G.Holden Duncan j.Maskell Alexander W.Tucker Brendan W.Wren Andrew N.Rycroft Paul R.Langford on behalf of the BRaDPT consortium Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonSt.Mary’s CampusLondonUK Wellman Center for Photomedicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA The Applied Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Unit St George’s University of LondonLondonUK Department of Veterinary Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology The Royal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute CambridgeUK School of Medicine University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK The University of Melbourne ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia s Faculty of Infectious&Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK

Comprehensive identification of conditionally essential genes requires efficient tools for generating high-density transposon libraries that, ideally, can be analysed using next-generation sequencing methods such as Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS). The Himar1 (mariner) transposon is ideal for generating near-saturating mutant libraries, especially in AT-rich chromosomes, as the requirement for integration is a TA dinucleotide, and this transposon has been used for mutagenesis of a wide variety of bacteria. However, plasmids for mariner delivery do not necessarily work well in all bacteria. In particular, there are limited tools for functional genomic analysis of Pasteurellaceae species of major veterinary importance, such as swine and cattle pathogens, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida, respectively. Here, we developed plasmids, pTsodCPC9 and pTlacPC9 (differing only in the promoter driving expression of the transposase gene), that allow delivery of mariner into both these pathogens, but which should also be applicable to a wider range of bacteria. Using the pTlacPC9 vector, we have generated, for the first time, saturating mariner mutant libraries in both A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida that showed a near random distribution of insertions around the respective chromosomes as detected by TraDIS. A preliminary screen of 5000 mutants each identified 8 and 14 genes, respectively, that are required for growth under anaerobic conditions. Future high-throughput screening of the generated libraries will facilitate identification of mutants required for growth under different conditions, including in vivo, highlighting key virulence factors and pathways that can be exploited for development of novel therapeutics and vaccines.

关键词： Mariner Transposon TraDIS Pasteurellaceae Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Pasteurella multocida

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