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Linking science and decision making to promote an ecology for the city:practices and opportunities

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第9期2卷 18-27页

作者： J.Morgan grove Daniel L.Childers Michael Galvin sarah Hines Tischa Muñoz-Erickson Erika S.Svendsen Baltimore Field Station USDA Forest ServiceBaltimoreMaryland 21228 USA School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287 USA Urban Field Station International Institute of Tropical ForestryUSDA Forest ServiceRío PiedrasPuerto Rico 00926-1119 USA New York City Field Station USDA Forest ServiceNew YorkNew York 10007 USA

To promote urban sustainability and resilience,there is an increasing demand for actionable science that links science and decision making based on social-ecological ***,frameworks,and practices for such actionable science are needed and have only begun to *** propose that approaches based on the co-design and co-production of knowledge can play an essential role to meet this *** the antecedents for approaches to the co-design and co-production of knowledge are decades old,the integration of science and practice to advance urban sustainability and resilience that we present is different in several *** differences include the disciplines needed,diversity and number of actors involved,and the technological infrastructures that facilitate local-to global *** this article,we discuss how the new requirements and possibilities for co-design,co-production,and practical use of social-ecological research can be used as an ecology for the city to promote urban sustainability and *** new technologies are part of the solution,traditional approaches also remain *** our urban experiences with long-term,place-based research from several ***-Term Ecological Research sites and *** of Agriculture,Forest Service Urban Field Stations,we describe a dynamic framework for linking research with *** posit that this framework,coupled with a user-defined,theory-based approach to science,is instrumental to advance both practice and ***,cities are ideal places for integrating basic science and decision making,facilitating flows of information through networks,and developing sustainable and resilient solutions and futures.

关键词： Baltimore co-design co-production ecology for cities long-term ecological research New York City Phoenix San Juan social-ecological Special Feature:An Ecology in,of,and for the City transdisciplinary urban

Going “paperless” in an English National Health Service (NHS) breast cancer screening service: The intriduction of fully digital mammography

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Health 2014年第5期6卷 468-474页

作者： Sian Taylor-Phillips Amy grove Sharon Hoffmeister Margot Wheaton sarah Coult Joanne Essex Janice Hackney Sandra Di Cioccio Aileen Clarke Warwick Medical School Division of Health Sciences The University of Warwick Coventry UK Warwick Medical School Division of Health Sciences The University of Warwick Coventry UK Warwickshire Solihull & Coventry Breast Screening Unit University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust Coventry UK

Objective: To test the feasibility of a fully paperless system, termed “paperlite” in a UK breast screening service. To demonstrate in NHS practice, how workload and workflow could be improved by moving to a paperless system and discovering what impact this has upon the complexity within the service. Setting: Warwickshire, Solihull and Coventry Breast Screening Service in the West Midlands of England. Methods: Quality improvement methodologies were employed, including value stream mapping, task analysis and a time-and-motion study. Results: The screening centred screened approximately 50,000 women per year. If they were to implement a paperless system, the administrative workload would decrease. The time saving per batch of screens, which could be achieved by moving to the paperless system ranged from 19 to 56 minutes (mean = 36 minutes). When calculated by batch the mean time saving per woman screened by moving to the paperless system was 42 seconds. This equates to 583 hours of administrative work per year in a centre screening 50,000 women. Conclusions: The paperless system has many benefits compared to the original system in terms of reductions in waste, time and cost. The simplification and standardisation of the process resulted in fewer tasks and interfaces where errors could occur, hence inadvertently improving patient safety. The limitation of the work is the heavy reliance on technology, live interfacing with computer databases and software stability is necessary for a paperless system to be used in NHS practice.

关键词： Paperless Breast Screening Quality Improvement Process Improvement

Filling the Gap Between Heaven and Earth: One Building Two Sides

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Sociology Study 2019年第3期9卷 128-133页

作者： sarah Marie Angne Alfaro Ball State University Indiana USA

In this paper, the meaning of various symbols and rituals threaded into sacred architecture are explored. Spatial dynamics, forms, and aesthetics are analyzed as a space transforms from a Protestant megachurch to a Catholic Cathedral. Featuring a case study of the Christ Cathedral, formally known as the Crystal Cathedral in Garden grove, California, this research reveals how the act of worship is shaped by the architectural design in which it occurs. This study recognizes how stakeholders make sense of social, spatial, and spiritual components in a transitional place of worship;how the Protestant congregation and Catholic Diocese interact and how this transition effects the continuity of the Christian community. In this space, one building reveals two sides (formally Protestant, currently Catholic);the ritual sequencing, emblematic form, and symbolic aesthetics of the built form act as mediator of social practices of spiritual/religious practices of higher powers. Findings reveal ways that a physical place is designed to connect humans to their heavenly realms.

关键词： sacred space place transformation environment and behavior

Enabling rapid X-ray CT characterisation for additive manufacturing using CAD models and deep learning-based reconstruction

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1443-1452页

作者： Amirkoushyar Ziabari S.V.Venkatakrishnan Zackary Snow Aleksander Lisovich Michael Sprayberry Paul Brackman Curtis Frederick Pradeep Bhattad sarah Graham Philip Bingham Ryan Dehoff Alex Plotkowski Vincent Paquit Energy and Electrification Infrastructure Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryKnoxvilleTN 37830USA ZEISS Industrial Metrology LLC Maple GroveMN 55369USA Manufacturing Science Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

Metal additive manufacturing(AM)offers flexibility and cost-effectiveness for printing complex parts but is limited to few *** new alloys requires process parameter optimisation to produce consistent,high-quality ***-resolution X-ray computed tomography(XCT)has not been effective for this task due to artifacts,slow scan speed,and *** propose a deep learning-based approach for rapid XCT acquisition and reconstruction of metal AM parts,leveraging computer-aided design models and physics-based simulations of nonlinear interactions between X-ray radiation and *** significantly reduces beam hardening and common XCT *** demonstrate high-throughput characterisation of over a hundred AlCe alloy components,quantifying improvements in characterisation time and quality compared to high-resolution microscopy and *** approach facilitates investigating the impact of process parameters and their geometry dependence in metal AM.

关键词： rapid alloy character