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Do females use their sexual status to gain resource access？ Investigating food-for-sex in wolves and dogs

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 323-330页

作者： rachel DALE sarah MArSHALL-PESCINI Friederike rANGE Comparative Cognition Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Medical University of Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria Wolf Science Center Ernstbrunn Austria

While food sharing among related individuals can be explained by kin selection, food sharing be- tween unrelated individuals has been more of an evolutionary puzzle. The food-for-sex hypothesis provides an explanation for the occurrence of food sharing among nonkin. However, little is known about the socio-ecological factors that can promote such a commodity exchange. A species mating system is a factor potentially influencing food-for-sex patterns of behavior. Here, we compared wolves, which form pair-bonds, with dogs, which are typically promiscuous in freeranging contexts, to investigate the effect of reproductive stages on the behavior around a food source in 2 different contexts. Furthermore, we considered the roles of both the males and the fe- males in the potential food-for-sex exchange. results indicate that in both species and for both sexes the breeding period promotes decreased aggression. Additionally, females were more per- sistent in their attempts to access the food and were able to monopolize the resource more when in heat as compared to outside the breeding period. Finally, in dogs, but not wolves, females spent more time in proximity to the male＇s bone and had a shorter latency to start eating it when in heat. Overall, this study demonstrates that the food-for-sex hypothesis plays a part in intersexual food sharing in canids, and highlights the role of females in the interaction. These effects were especially the case in dogs, suggesting a potential effect of mating system on food-for-sex responses

关键词： canid food-for-sex food sharing tolerance.

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火星需要昆虫

世界科学 2024年第1期 11-12页

作者：王晓涛萨拉·斯科尔斯

起初，那只是一朵花，但美国得州农工大学的本科生伊曼纽尔·门多萨（Emmanuel Mendoza）为了能让“花园”郁郁葱葱而竭尽全力。2023年10月下旬，这朵五瓣花在诸多豌豆植物中绽放，随后，更多花朵陆续盛开，甚至还长出了豌豆荚。此时，...

起初，那只是一朵花，但美国得州农工大学的本科生伊曼纽尔·门多萨（Emmanuel Mendoza）为了能让“花园”郁郁葱葱而竭尽全力。2023年10月下旬，这朵五瓣花在诸多豌豆植物中绽放，随后，更多花朵陆续盛开，甚至还长出了豌豆荚。此时，门多萨隐隐意识到，这可能预示着距地球数百万千米之外的另一个世界的未来。

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A review on glass welding by ultra-short laser pulses

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2019年第4期1卷 1-10页

作者： Kristian Cvecek sarah Dehmel Isamu Miyamoto Michael Schmidt Institute of Photonic Technologies Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany SAOT—Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany blz—Bayerisches Laserzentrum GmbH ErlangenGermany Osaka University OsakaJapan

Glass welding by ultra-short pulsed(USP)lasers is a piece of technology that offers high strength joints with hermetic *** joints are typically formed in glass that is transparent to the laser by exploiting nonlinear absorption effects that occur under extreme *** the temperature reached during the process is on the order of a few 1000°C,the heat affected zone(HAZ)is confined to only tens of *** is this controlled confinement of the HAZ during the joining process that makes this technology so appealing to a multitude of applications because it allows the foregoing of a subsequent tempering step that is typically essential in other glass joining techniques,thus making it possible to effectively join highly heat sensitive *** this work,we give an overview on the process,development and applications of glass welding by USP lasers.

关键词： USP glass welding ultra-short pulsed laser processing brittle materials glass joining

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From MAFLD to hepatocellular carcinoma and everything in between

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第5期135卷 547-556页

作者： sarah Da Won Bae Jacob George Liang Qiao Storr Liver Centre Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Sydney and Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Metabolic(dysfunction)associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,is the most common cause of chronic liver disease *** risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of MAFLD with metabolic dysregulation being the final arbiter of its development and *** poses a substantial economic burden to societies,which based on current trends is expected to increase over *** studies have addressed various aspects of MAFLD from its risk associations to its economic and social burden and clinical diagnosis and management,as well as the molecular mechanisms linking MAFLD to end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular *** review summarizes current understanding of the pathogenesis of MAFLD and related diseases,particularly liver *** therapeutic agents for MAFLD and diagnostic biomarkers are discussed.

关键词： Metabolic(dysfunction)associated fatty liver disease Liver disease Liver cancer

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Beef heifer fertility: importance of management practices and technological advancements

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 110-121页

作者： sarah E.Moorey Fernando H.Biase Department of Animal Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University175 West Campus DriveBlacksburgVA 24061USA.

The development of replacement heifers is at the core of cow-calf beef production systems. In 2020, the USDA,National Agricultural Statistics Service reported 5.771 million beef heifers, 500 pounds and over, are under development for cow replacement. A compilation of data from several studies indicate that between 85% and 95% of these heifers will become pregnant in their first breeding season. Several thousands of heifers being raised for replacement may not deliver a calf on their first breeding season and result in economic losses to cow-calf producers. Many management procedures have been developed to maximize the reproductive potential of beef heifers. Such approaches include, but are not limited to the following: nutritional management for controlled weight gain, identification of reproductive maturity by physiological and morphological indicators, and the implementation of an estrous synchronization *** implementation of management strategies has important positive impact(s) on the reproductive efficiency of *** are limitations, however, because some heifers deemed ready to enter their first breeding season do not become pregnant. In parallel, genetic selection for fertility-related traits in beef heifers have not promoted major genetic gains on this particular area, most likely due to low heritability of female fertility traits in cattle. Technologies such as antral follicle counting, DNA genotyping and rNA profiling are being investigated as a means to aid in the identification of heifers of low fertility potential. To date, many polymorphisms have been associated with heifer fertility, but no DNA markers have been identified across herds. Antral follicle count is an indication of the ovarian reserve and is an indicator of the reproductive health of a heifer. We have been working on the identification of transcriptome profiles in heifers associated with pregnancy outcome. Our current investigations integrating protein-coding transcript abu

关键词： Beef cattle Cow-calf Genomics Infertility

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Correlation of endoscopic disease severity with pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index score in children and young adults with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3322-3329页

作者： Basavaraj Kerur Heather J Litman Julia Bender Stern sarah Weber Jenifer r Lightdale Paul A rufo Athos Bousvaros Pediatric Gastroenterology Hasbro Children's Hospital Corrona LLC Southborough Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Children's Hospital Boston Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology UMass Memorial Medical CenterUniversity Campus Worcester

To investigate of pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PUCAI) in ulcerative colitis correlate with mucosal inflammation and endoscopic assessment of disease activity (Mayo endoscopic score).METHODSWe reviewed charts from ulcerative colitis patients who had undergone both colonoscopy over 3 years. Clinical assessment of disease severity within 35 d (either before or after) the colonoscopy were included. Patients were excluded if they had significant therapeutic interventions (such as the start of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents) between the colonoscopy and the clinical assessment. Mayo endoscopic score of the rectum and sigmoid were done by two gastroenterologists. Inter-observer variability in Mayo score was *** identified 99 patients (53% female, 74% pancolitis) that met inclusion criteria. The indications for colonoscopy included ongoing disease activity (62%), consideration of medication change (10%), assessment of medication efficacy (14%), and cancer screening (14%). Based on PUCAI scores, 33% of patients were in remission, 39% had mild disease, 23% had moderate disease, and 4% had severe disease. There was “moderate-substantial” agreement between the two reviewers in assessing rectal Mayo scores (kappa = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.41-0.68).CONCLUSIONEndoscopic disease severity (Mayo score) assessed by reviewing photographs of pediatric colonoscopy has moderate inter-rater reliability, and agreement was less robust in assessing patients with mild disease activity. Endoscopic disease severity generally correlates with clinical disease severity as measured by PUCAI score. However, children with inflamed colons can have significant variation in their reported clinical symptoms. Thus, assessment of both clinical symptoms and endoscopic disease severity may be required in future clinical studies.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index Mayo score

Erythrocyte invasions and receptor heterogeneity in field isolates of Nanay river basin Iquitos

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第8期5卷 589-593页

作者： Kuppusamy Chenniappan sarah H Johns Laboratorio de Investigacion deproductos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia UNAPPampa chicaIquitosPeru 065

Objective:To determine whether the requirements for sialic acid varies and whether several types of silaic acid independent receptors utilized for invasion mechanisms of fresh filed isolates collected around Nanay river basin,***:The field isolates were cultured as described previously by Jensen and Trager and Mr4 protocol with little *** erythrocytes preparation and subsequent enzyme treatment was done as described previously by *** little *** assay was performed as described previously by Sharma et al with little ***:The Nanay river basin isolates showed five types of invasion mechanisms or types of receptors-ligand *** we observed that an equal numbers of neuraminidase sensitive and resistant invasion receptor-ligand interaction profiles as the most common receptor-ligand invasion *** resistance trypsin sensitive chymotrypsin sensitive(NM_rT_SCT_S) invasion of receptor-ligand interaction profile was found in seven isolates,Five field isolates and one reference strain showed neuraminidase sensitive, trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin resistant(NM_rT_SCT_r) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions, six isolates including one reference strains dd2 showed neuraminidase sensitive,trypsin and chymotrypsin resistance(NM_ST_rCT_r) indicating its dependence on sialic acids and independence of trypsin and chymotrypsin sensitive *** isolates showed neuraminidase sensitive, trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin sensitive(NM_ST_SCT_S) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions, seven isolates were neuraminidase resistant,trypsin sensitive and chymotrypsin resistance (NM_rT_SCT_r) invasion of receptor-ligand interactions,indicating its dependence on trypsin sensitive ***:The Nanay river basin isolates showed five types of invasion mechanisms or types of receptors-ligand interactions.A full understanding of theses invasion mechanisms may allow the developm

关键词： Nanay river basin Invasion Sialic acid Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Antibacterial,pro-angiogenic and pro-osteointegrative zein-bioactive glass/copper based coatings for implantable stainless steel aimed at bone healing

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第5期6卷 1479-1490页

作者： Laura ramos rivera Andrea Cochis sarah Biser Elena Canciani Sara Ferraris Lia rimondini Aldo r.Boccaccini Institute of Biomaterials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany Department of Health Sciences Universita del Piemonte UPONovaraItaly Center for Translational research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD NovaraItaly Department of Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental SciencesThin Section LabUniversity of MilanMilanItaly Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di TorinoTurinItaly

Stainless steel implants are suitable candidates for bone replacement due to their cytocompatibility and mechanical resistance,but they suffer from lack of bioactivity and are prone to bacterial ***,to overcome those limitations,in this study we developed by electrophoretic deposition(EPD),an innovative surface coating made of(i)zein,a natural fibroblast-friendly polymer,(ii)bioactive glass,a pro-osteogenic inorganic material and(iii)copper containing bioactive glass,an antibacterial and pro-angiogenic *** images confirmed that porous,uniform and free of cracks coatings were obtained by EPD;moreover,coatings were resistant to mechanical stress as demonstrated by the tape test,resulting in a 4B classification of adhesion to the *** coatings were cytocompatible as indicated by metabolism evaluation of human fibroblasts,endothelial cells and mature or progenitor osteoblasts cultivated in direct contact with the *** also maintained pro-osteogenic properties towards undifferentiated progenitor cells that expressed osteogenic genes after 15 days of direct *** conferred antibacterial properties as biofilm formation of the joint pathogens Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli was significantly reduced in comparison with copper-free coatings(preover,this anti-infective activity resulted as targeted towards bacteria while the cells viability was preserved when cells and bacteria were cultivated in the same environment by a co-culture ***,copper ability to recruit blood vessels and to inhibit bacterial infection was confirmed in vivo where the growth of *** biofilm was inhibited and the formation of new(r spread)blood vessels was observed.

关键词： Zein Bioactive glass Copper Bone Antibacterial

Analysis of Fusarium Toxins in Single Barley Malt Kernels

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2018年第2期2卷 124-137页

作者： Katharina Habler sarah Moghari Michael rychlik Analytical Food Chemistry Technical University of MunichMaximus‑von‑Imhof‑Forum 285354 FreisingGermany

Fusarium infestation of barley and other cereals can result in red mycelium and is often accompanied by mycotoxin *** assessment and rejection of malt batches that contain more than 5–7 relevant red kernels are so far common tools in the malting and brewing industry to guarantee high-quality malt and *** single barley malt kernels were collected from naturally contaminated barley cultivars(Grace,Quench,and Malwinta)as well as from barley varieties(Grace,Quench,and Scarlett)inoculated with three different Fusarium species(Fusarium culmorum,Fusarium graminearum,and Fusarium avenaceum).A recently published multi-mycotoxin LC–MS/MS method was altered slightly and used for the analysis of Fusarium toxins of each *** comparison of the contamination level with the degree of discoloration revealed only limited *** seems that the visual assessment of the red mycelium of single kernels is particularly sensitive towards the occurrence of enniatins and might neglect that of other mycotoxins.

关键词： Fusarium Mycotoxins Barley Malt red kernel Single grain analysis