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Relationships between personality traits and the physiological stress response in a wild mammal

Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 197-204页

作者： Francesca SANTICCHIA Lucas A.WAUTeRS Ben DANTZeR sarah e.westrick Nicola FeRRARI Claudia ROMeO Rupert PALMe Damiano G.PReATONI Adriano MARTINOLI Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences Environment Analysis and Management Unit-Guido Tosi Research Group-Universita degli Studi dell'nsubriaVia J.H.Dunant 321100 VareseItly Department of Biology Evolutionary Ecology GroupUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 WilrijkBelgium Department of Psychology University of Michigan530 Church StreetAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology University of Michigan830 North UniversityAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Veterinary Medicine Universita degli Studi di MilanoVia Celoria 1020133 MilanoItaly Centro di Ricerca Coordinata epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni Universita degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItly Unit of Physiology Pathophysiology and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVeterinarplatz 11210 ViennaAustria

Glucocorticoids(GCs)are involved in the regulation of an animal's energetic *** stressful situations,they are part of the neuroendocrine response to cope with environmental *** react to aversive stimuli also through behavioral responses,defined as coping *** in captive and wild populations,individuals differ in their behavior along a proactive-reactive *** animals exhibit a bold,active explorative and social personality,whereas reactive ones areshy,less active-explorative and less ***,we test the hypothesis that personality traits and physiological responses to stressors covary,with more proactive individuals having a less pronounced GC stress *** wild populations of invasive gray squirrels Sciurus carolinensis,we measuredfecal glucocorticoid metabolites(FGMs),an integrated measure of circulating GCs,and 3 personality traits(activity,sociability,and exploration)derived from open field test(OFT)and mirror image stimulation(MIS)*** squirrels had higher FGMs in Autumn than in Winter and males with scrotal testes had higher FGMs than nonbreeding *** varied with body mass and population *** expressed more activity exploration at higher than at lower density and heavier squirrels had higher scores for activity exploration than animals that weighed *** in FGM concentrations was not correlated with the expression of the 3 personality ***,our results do not support a strong association between the behavioral and physiological stress responses but show that in wild populations,where animals experience varying environmental conditions,the GC endocrine response and the expression of personality are uncorrelated traits among individuals.

关键词： FGM concentration glucocorticoids HPA axis reactivity MCMCglmm personality-traits Sciurus carolinensis

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Tyrosine phosphorylation and bacterial virulence

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第1期4卷 1-6页

作者： sarah e Whitmore Richard J Lamont Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease School of DentistryUniversity of Louisville

Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine has emerged as a key device in the control of numerous cellular functions in *** this article,we review the structure and function of bacterial tyrosine kinases and *** is catalyzed by autophosphorylating adenosine triphosphate-dependent enzymes（bacterial tyrosine（BY） kinases） that are characterized by the presence of Walker *** reverse reaction is catalyzed by three classes of enzymes：the eukaryotic-like phosphatases（PTPs） and dual-specific phosphatases;the low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatases（LMW-PTPs）;and the polymerase-histidinol phosphatases（PHP）.Many BY kinases and tyrosine phosphatases can utilize host cell proteins as substrates,thereby contributing to bacterial *** tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is also involved in biofilm formation and community *** Porphyromonas gingivalis tyrosine phosphatase Ltp1 is involved in a restraint pathway that regulates heterotypic community development with Streptococcus ***1 is upregulated by contact with *** and Ltp1 activity controls adhesin expression and levels of the interspecies signal AI-2.

关键词： oral biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis Streptococcus tyrosine phosphorylation virulence

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Ca2+ signaling during vertebrate somitogenesis

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第7期27卷 781-790页

作者： sarah e WeBB Andrew L MILLeR Department of Biology the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong Kong SARChina

A variety of Ca2+signals,in the form of intercellular pulses and waves,have beenreported to be associated with the various sequential stages of somitogenesis:from convergent extension and the formation of the paraxial mesoderm;during thepatterning of the paraxial mesoderm to establish segmental units;throughout theformation of the morphological boundaries that delineate the segmental units,andfinally from within the maturing somites as they undergo subsequent develop-ment and *** to both the technical challenges presented in imag-ing intact,developing embryos,and the subtle nature of the Ca2+transientsgenerated,they have proved to be difficult to ***,a combinationof cultured cell preparations and improvements in explant and whole embryo im-aging techniques has begun to reveal a new and exciting class of developmentalCa2+*** this chapter,we review the small,but expanding,number ofreports in the literature and attempt to identify common characteristics of thesomitogenic Ca2+transients,such as their mode of generation,as well as theirspatial and temporal *** may help to elucidate the significance andfunction of these intriguing Ca2+transients and thus integrate them into the com-plex signaling networks that orchestrate early developmental events.

关键词： Ca2+ signaling somitogenesis zebrafish Xenopus mouse chick

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Beef heifer fertility: importance of management practices and technological advancements

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 110-121页

作者： sarah e.Moorey Fernando H.Biase Department of Animal Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University175 West Campus DriveBlacksburgVA 24061USA.

The development of replacement heifers is at the core of cow-calf beef production systems. In 2020, the USDA,National Agricultural Statistics Service reported 5.771 million beef heifers, 500 pounds and over, are under development for cow replacement. A compilation of data from several studies indicate that between 85% and 95% of these heifers will become pregnant in their first breeding season. Several thousands of heifers being raised for replacement may not deliver a calf on their first breeding season and result in economic losses to cow-calf producers. Many management procedures have been developed to maximize the reproductive potential of beef heifers. Such approaches include, but are not limited to the following: nutritional management for controlled weight gain, identification of reproductive maturity by physiological and morphological indicators, and the implementation of an estrous synchronization *** implementation of management strategies has important positive impact(s) on the reproductive efficiency of *** are limitations, however, because some heifers deemed ready to enter their first breeding season do not become pregnant. In parallel, genetic selection for fertility-related traits in beef heifers have not promoted major genetic gains on this particular area, most likely due to low heritability of female fertility traits in cattle. Technologies such as antral follicle counting, DNA genotyping and RNA profiling are being investigated as a means to aid in the identification of heifers of low fertility potential. To date, many polymorphisms have been associated with heifer fertility, but no DNA markers have been identified across herds. Antral follicle count is an indication of the ovarian reserve and is an indicator of the reproductive health of a heifer. We have been working on the identification of transcriptome profiles in heifers associated with pregnancy outcome. Our current investigations integrating protein-coding transcript abu

关键词： Beef cattle Cow-calf Genomics Infertility

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Osteosarcoma:prognosis plateau warrants retinoblastoma pathway targeted therapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2016年第1期1卷 119-130页

作者： sarah e Ballatori Philip W Hinds Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical BiologyTufts University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA

Osteosarcoma(OS)is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents,affecting~560 young patients in the United States *** term OS describes a diverse array of subtypes with varying prognoses,but the majority of tumors are high grade and *** because the true etiology of these aggressive tumors remains unknown,advances in OS treatment have reached a discouraging plateau,with only incremental improvements over the past 40 ***,research surrounding the pathogenesis of OS is essential,as it promises to unveil novel therapeutic targets that can attack tumor cells with greater specificity and lower *** the candidate molecular targets in OS,the retinoblastoma(RB)pathway demonstrates the highest frequency of inactivation and thus represents a particularly promising avenue for molecular targeted *** review examines the present thinking and practices in OS treatment and specifically highlights the relevance of the RB pathway in *** further investigation into RB pathway-related novel therapeutic targets,we believe that a near-term breakthrough in improved OS prognosis is possible.

关键词： retinoblastoma targeted plateau

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The Janus of macrophysiology： stronger effects of evolutionary history, but weaker effects of climate on upper thermal limits are reversed for lower thermal limits in ants

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 223-230页

作者： sarah e. DIAMOND Lacy D. CHICK Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA

Species may exhibit similar traits via different mechanisms： environmental filtering and local adaptation （geography） and shared evolutionary history （phylogeny） can each contribute to the resemblance of traits among species. Parsing trait variation into geographic and phylogenetic sources is important, as each suggests different constraints on trait evolution. Here, we explore how phylogenetic distance, geographic distance, and geographic variation in climate shape physiological tolerance of high and low temperatures using a global dataset of ant thermal tolerances. We found generally strong roles for evolutionary history and geographic variation in temperature, but essen- tially no detectable effects of spatial proximity per se on either upper or lower thermal tolerance. When we compared the relative importance of the factors shaping upper and lower tolerances, we found a much stronger role for evolutionary history in shaping upper versus lower tolerance, and a moderately weaker role for geographic variation in temperature in shaping upper tolerance when compared with lower tolerance. Our results demonstrate how geographic variation in climate and evolutionary history may have differential effects on the upper and lower endpoints of physiological tolerance. This Janus effect, where the relative contributions of geographic variation in climate and evolutionary history are reversed for lower versus upper physiological tolerances, has gained some support in the literature, and our results for ant physiological tolerances provide further evidence of this pa^ern. As the climate continues to change, the high phylogenetic conservatism of upper tolerance may suggest potential constraints on the evolution of tolerance of high temperatures.

关键词： biogeography evolutionary history latitudinal cline macrophysiology temperature thermal tolerance.

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Medical decision making for older adults： an international perspective comparing the United States and India

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2015年第4期12卷 329-334页

作者： Ankur Kalra Daniel e Forman sarah J Goodlin Division of lnterventional Cardiology Beth lsrael Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Kalra Hospital SRCNC Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi India Section of Geriatric Cardiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh PA USA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinicai Center VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Medicine-Geriatrics Oregon Health & Sciences University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System Portland Oregon USA

There has been a significant decline in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality amidst pervasive advances in care, including percutane- ous revascularization, mechanical circulatory support, and transcatheter valvular therapies. While advancing therapies may add significant longevity, they also bring about new end-of-life decision-making challenges for patients and their families who also must weigh the advan- tages of reduced mortality to the possibility of longer lives consisting of high morbidity, frailty, pain, and poor quality of living. Advance care entails options of withholding or withdrawing therapies, and has become a familiar part of cardiovascular care for older patients in Western countries. However, as advanced cardiovascular practices extend to developing countries, the interrelated concept of advance care is rarely straight forward as it is affected by local cultural traditions and mores, and can lead to very different inferences and use. This paper discusses the concepts of advance care planning, surrogate decision-making, orders for resuscitation and futility in patients with cardiac dis- ease with comparisons of West to east, focusing particularly on the United States versus India.

关键词： Advance care planning Advance directive end-of-life India Surrogate decision-making

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Roles of Case Studies and Case Reports in US east Asian Medicine:A Narrative-Medicine Perspective

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第2期6卷 194-204页

作者： sarah e.Rivkin Seattle Institute of east Asian Medicine Seattle 98108USA

Recorded stories of the clinical encounter stretch back to ancient *** their history,these narratives have been called by different names,reflecting changes in format,function,and *** paper examines and explains the differences in two related forms of clinical writing as practiced by east Asian Medicine clinicians in the United States today-the case study and the case *** has its strengths and weaknesses;each is suited to different *** case study is ideal for education and the practice of narrative medicine,whereas the case report has played a vital role in propelling east Asian Medicine into the arena of modern scientific research.

关键词： Case record Case report Case study Herbal medicine Narrative medicine

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elderly male with blurry vision

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World Journal of emergency Medicine 2019年第1期10卷 59-60页

作者： Anthony Maselli sarah e.Frasure Department of emergency Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital

Dear editor,We present a case of an elderly gentleman who was punched in the face and subsequently diagnosed by an emergency physician with acute angle closure glaucoma secondary to a posterior lens *** lamp evaluatio... 详细信息

关键词：小学英语课外阅读阅读材料

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PeX16 contributions to peroxisome import and metabolism revealed by viable Arabidopsis pex16 mutants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第7期61卷 853-870页

作者： sarah e.Burkhart Roxanna J.Llinas Bonnie Bartel Department of BioSciences Rice University

Peroxisomes rely on peroxins(PeX proteins) for biogenesis, importing membrane and matrix proteins, and fission. PeX16, which is implicated in peroxisomal membrane protein targeting and forming nascent peroxisomes from the endoplasmic reticulum(eR), is unusual among peroxins because it is inserted co-translationally into the eR and localizes to both eR and peroxisomal membranes. PeX16 mutations in humans, yeast, and plants confer some common peroxisomal defects; however, apparent functional differences have impeded the development of a unified model for PeX16 action. The only reported pex16 mutant in plants, the Arabidopsis shrunken seed1 mutant, is inviable,complicating analysis of PeX16 function after embryogenesis. Here, we characterized two viable Arabidopsis pex16 alleles that accumulate negligible PeX16 protein levels. Both mutants displayed impaired peroxisome function-slowed consumption of stored oil bodies, decreased import of matrix proteins, and increased peroxisome size. Moreover,one pex16 allele exhibited reduced growth that could be alleviated by an external fixed carbon source, decreased responsiveness to peroxisomally processed hormone precursors, and worsened or improved peroxisome function in combination with other pex mutants. Because the mutations impact different regions of the PeX16 gene, these viable pex16 alleles allow assessment of the importance of Arabidopsis PeX16 and its functional domains.

关键词： pex16 mutants peroxisome metabolism

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