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Uncovering material deformations via machine learning combined with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy

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npj computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1072-1080页

作者： chuqiao Shi Michael c.cao sarah M.Rehn Sang-Hoon Bae Jeehwan Kim Matthew RJones David A.Muller Yimo Han Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Department of chemistry Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in Saint LouisSaint LouisMOUSA Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Washington University in Saint LouisSaint LouisMOUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

Understanding lattice deformations is crucial in determining the properties of nanomaterials,which can become more prominent in future applications ranging from energy harvesting to electronic ***,it remains challenging to reveal unexpected deformations that crucially affect material properties across a large sample ***,we demonstrate a rapid and semi-automated unsupervised machine learning approach to uncover lattice deformations in *** method utilizes divisive hierarchical clustering to automatically unveil multi-scale deformations in the entire sample flake from the diffraction data using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy(4D-STEM).Our approach overcomes the current barriers of large 4D data analysis without a priori knowledge of the *** this purely data-driven analysis,we have uncovered different types of material deformations,such as strain,lattice distortion,bending contour,etc.,which can significantly impact the band structure and subsequent performance of nanomaterials-based *** envision that this data-driven procedure will provide insight into materials’intrinsic structures and accelerate the discovery of materials.

关键词： utilize purely overcome

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No association between phosphatase and tensin homolog genetic polymorphisms and colon cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第30期15卷 3771-3775页

作者： Lynette S Phillips cheryl L Thompson Alona Merkulova sarah J Plummer Thomas c Tucker Graham case Li Li Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and case comprehensive cancer center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106-7136 United States Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics Case Center for Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106-7136m United States Department of cancer Biology Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland OH 44195-0001 United States Graham casey Department of Preventive Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90033-1006 United States assisted with patient referrals recruitment and reviewed the manuscript coordinated the lab work and reviewed the manuscript Li L led the study design data collection and assisted with the manuscript preparation

AIM: To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene and risk of colon cancer. METHODS: We utilized a population-based casecontrol study of incident colon cancer individuals (n= 421) and controls (n = 483) aged ≥ 30 years to conduct a comprehensive tagSNP association analysis of the PTEN gene. RESULTS: None of the PTEN SNPs were statistically significantly associated with colon cancer when controlled for age, gender, and race, or when additionally adjusted for other known risk factors (P > 0.05). Haplotype analyses similarly showed no association between the PTEN gene and colon cancer. cONcLUSION: Our study does not support PTEN as a colon cancer susceptibility gene.

关键词： colon cancer Phosphatase and tensinhomolog candidate gene Genetic polymorphisms Single nucleotide polymorphism association

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chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 5, 7 and pronecrotic mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第4期8卷 358-365页

作者： crystal S Seldon Lauren E colbert William A Hall sarah B Fisher David S Yu Jerome c Landry Department of Radiation Oncology Winship Cancer Institute Emory University School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Radiation Oncology the Medial College of Wisconsin Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery Emory University School of Medicine

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with a very poor prognosis. Recently, there has been a significant increase in research directed towards identifying potential biomarkers that can be used to diagnose and provide prognostic information for pancreatic cancer. These markers can be used clinically to optimize and personalize therapy for individual patients. In this review, we focused on 3 biomarkers involved in the DNA damage response pathway and the necroptosis pathway: chromodomainhelicase-DNA binding protein 5, chromodomain-helicaseDNA binding protein 7, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. The aim of this article is to review present literature provided for these biomarkers and current studies in which their effectiveness as prognostic biomarkers are analyzed in order to determine their future use as biomarkers in clinical medicine. Based on the data presented, these biomarkers warrant further investigation,and should be validated in future studies.

关键词： chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 5 chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 7 Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Biomarker

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Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and exosomes-the incentive push

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第26期22卷 5971-6007页

作者： sarah Heiler Zhe Wang Margot Zoller Tumor cell Biology University Hospital of SurgeryD 69120 HeidelbergGermany

Pancreatic cancer(Pa ca) has the highest death rate and incidence is increasing. Poor prognosis is due to late diagnosis and early metastatic spread, which is ascribed to a minor population of so called cancer stem cells(cSc) within the mass of the primary tumor. cSc are defined by biological features, which they share with adult stem cells like longevity, rare cell division, the capacity for self renewal, differentiation, drug resistance and the requirement for a niche. cSc can also be identified by sets of markers, which for pancreatic cSc(Pa-cSc) include cD44v6, c-Met, Tspan8, alpha6beta4, cXcR4, cD133, Ep cAM and claudin7. The functional relevance of cSc markers is still disputed. We hypothesize that Pa-cSc markers play a decisive role in tumor progression. This is fostered by the location in glycolipid-enriched membrane domains, which function as signaling platform and support connectivity of the individual Pa-cSc markers. Outsidein signaling supports apoptosis resistance, stem cell gene expression and tumor suppressor gene repression as well as mi RNA transcription and silencing. Pa-cSc markers also contribute to motility and invasiveness. By ligand binding host cells are triggered towards creating a milieu supporting Pa-cSc maintenance. Furthermore, cSc markers contribute to the generation, loading and delivery of exosomes, whereby cSc gain the capacity for a cell-cell contact independent crosstalk with the host and neighboring non-cSc. This allows PacSc exosomes(TEX) to reprogram neighboring noncSc towards epithelial mesenchymal transition and to stimulate host cells towards preparing a niche for metastasizing tumor cells. Finally, TEX communicate with the matrix to support tumor cell motility, invasion and homing. We will discuss the possibility that cSc markers are the initial trigger for these processes and what is the special contribution of cSc-TEX.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer cancer stem cells Stem cell markers Exosomes crosstalk

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Anticoagulation in frail older people

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Journal of Geriatric cardiology 2019年第11期16卷 844-846页

作者： sarah Damanti Simon Braham Luca Pasina Geriatric Unit IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly Nutritional Sciences PhD Univeristy of MilanMilanItaly Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis center IRCCS CàGranda Maggiore Hospital FoundationMilanItaly Pharmacotherapy and Appropriateness of Drug Prescription Unit Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSVia Giuseppe La MasaMilanItaly

Frailty is a multidimensional dynamic condition characterized by decreased physiological reserves. Therefore,frail people are more vulnerable to ***,minor stimuli,like a new drug prescription,can alter their homeostatic equilibrium determining adverse clinical outcomes(i.e.,falls,institutionalization,disability,and death).[1,2]Since the risk of atrial fibrillation[3]and venous thromboembolism[4]increase with ageing,frail people might require long term anticoagulation.

关键词： Anticoagulation Frailty The elderly

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Uncoupling protein 2 deficiency reduces proliferative capacity of murine pancreatic stellate cells

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2016年第6期15卷 647-654页

作者： sarah Muller Sandra Maria Klingbeil Andreea Sandica Robert Jaster Department of Medicine II Division of Gastroen-terologyRostock University Medical CenterE.-Heydemann-Str.618057 RostockGermany

BAcKGROUND： Uncoupling protein 2 （UcP2） has been suggested to inhibit mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species （ROS） by decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Experimental acute pancreatitis is associated with increased UcP2 expression, whereas UcP2 deficiency retards regeneration of aged mice from acute pancreatitis. Here, we have addressed biological and molecular functions of UcP2 in pancreatic stellate cells （PScs）, which are involved in pancreatic wound repair and fibrogenesis. METHODS： PScs were isolated from 12 months old （aged） UcP2^-/- mice and animals of the wild-type （WT） strain c57BL/6. Proliferation and cell death were assessed by em- ploying trypan blue staining and a 5-bromo-2＇-deoxyuridine incorporation assay. Intracellular fat droplets were visualized by oil red O staining. Levels of mRNA were determined by RT-PcR, while protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Intracellular ROS levels were measured with 2＇,7＇-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA β-Gal） was used as a surrogate marker of cellular senescence. RESULTS： PScs derived from UcP2^-/- mice proliferated at a lower rate than cells from WT mice. In agreement with this observation, the UcP2 inhibitor genipin displayed dose- dependent inhibitory effects on WT PSc growth. Interestingly, ROS levels in PScs did not differ between the two strains, and PScs derived from UcP2^-/- mice did not senesce faster than those from corresponding WT cells. PScs from UcP2^-/- mice and WT animals were also indistinguishable with respect to the activation-dependent loss of intracellular fat droplets, expression of the activation marker α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen and the autocrine/paracrine mediators interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-I~ 1. cONcLUSIONS： A reduced proliferative capacity of PSc from aged UcP2^-/- mice may contribute to the retarded regeneration after acute pancreatitis.

关键词： pancreatitis proliferation stellate cell biology uncoupling protein 2

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Microbial community coalescence and nitrogen cycling in simulated mortality decomposition hotspots

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 608-624页

作者： sarah W.Keenan Alexandra L.Emmons Jennifer M.DeBruyn Department of Geology and Geological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology501 East St.Joseph StreetRapidSD 57701USA Department of Anthropology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee2506 E.J.Chapman DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Background The pulsed introduction of dead plant and animal material into soils represents one of the primary mechanisms for returning organic carbon(c)and nitrogen(N)compounds to biogeochemical *** of animal carcasses provides a high c and N resource that stimulates indigenous environmental microbial communities and introduces non-indigenous,carcass-derived microbes to the ***,the dynamics of the coalesced microbial communities,and the relative contributions of environment-and carcass-derived microbes to c and N cycling are *** test whether environment-derived,carcass-derived,or the combined microbial communities exhibited a greater influence on c and N cycling,we conducted controlled laboratory experiments that combined carcass decomposition fluids and soils to simulate carcass decomposition *** selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities and create different combinations of environment-and carcass-derived communities and incubated the treatments under three temperatures(10,20,and 30℃).Results carcass-derived bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios,albeit at low *** communities had higher respiration rates at 10 and 30℃ compared to soil or carcass communities ***,at higher temperatures,mixed communities had reduced diversity,but higher respiration,suggesting functional *** communities treatments also provided evidence that carcass-associated microbes may be contributing to ammonification and denitrification,but that nitrification is still primarily carried out by native soil *** Our work yields insight into the dynamics of microbial communities that are coalescing during carcass decomposition,and how they contribute to recycling carcasses in terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： carcass decomposition Microcosm Nitrogen carbon Biogeochemical cycling coalescence

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Portraying Diabetic Foot Ulcers: comparative Evaluation of Diabetic Foot Infections versus Diabetic Foot Ulcers

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 297-309页

作者： Jamal Wadi Al Ramahi Leen Sharqawi sarah AL-Najafi Eman Awwad Haya M. Al-Obaidi Abdel Hafez Mohammad Sara Nofal Dina Riyadh Al-Janabi Ibrahim Zuhair Hamza Jamal Al-Masaeid Mohammed Al-Ithawi Dina Rasheed Bellal O. Al-Far Osama Al-Izi Qutaiba Al-Bustanji School of Medicine The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of the Internal Medicine The Specialty Hospital Amman Jordan Department of Pharmacy The Specialty Hospital Amman Jordan Department of the Medical Al Khalidi Hospital Amman Jordan Department of Pharmacy Jordan Hospital Amman Jordan Department of Internal Medicine Jordan Hospital Amman Jordan Department of General Surgery Jordan Hospital Amman Jordan

Background: confusion often arises in caring for diabetic foot infections and ulcers, especially with antimicrobials;we aim to shed light on this entity and alert healthcare workers to its stewardship. Methods: Records were reviewed between February 2016 and September 2023. Data for patients diagnosed with diabetes and foot ulcers, infected or not, were examined following IcD 9 search terms. Records for patients were included if they were prediabetic/diabetic adults with foot ulcers, more than 18 years old, and on antidiabetic treatment. Patients were excluded if they insulin resistant, with normal HgbA1c levels, wheel-chair dependent, bed-bound, non-diabetic patients, diabetic patients who had vascular lower limb surgery earlier to ulcers, diabetic patients who had aortocoronary bypass, deep venous thrombosis within six months, malignancy, and severe clinical depression. A modified IWGDF/IDSA guidelines definitions for DFI and DFU was considered. Statistical analysis was done using R programming. Statistical methods were employed as appropriate, and a significant P-value was considered for P Results: Most characteristics were well balanced between DFI and DFU, on imaging osteomyelitis and tissue swelling were significantly more in DFI. Endovascular radiological procedures showed angiograms to be considerably more in DFI, while angioplasty was more in DFU, in addition to smoking. Bacteremia was uncommon, and swab cultures were mostly polymicrobial in both ulcers;no clear association with blood bacteria was detected with the polymicrobial growth, though few were concordant. Antimicrobials prescribed for both ulcers were not statistically different except for carbapenems, which were more in DFI (P conclusion: Attention should be paid to best practices while caring for diabetic ulcers. These include swab culture interpretations, the use of antimicrobials, and plan management according to DFI or DFU to utilize either local care or combination with antimicrobials.

关键词： Diabetic Foot Ulcers Diabetic Limb Amputation Antimicrobials Stewardship Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobials in Diabetic Foot Ulcers

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Effects of amyloid precursor protein peptide APP96-110,alone or with human mesenchymal stromal cells,on recovery after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1376-1386页

作者： Stuart I.Hodgetts sarah J.Lovett D.Baron-Heeris A.Fogliani Marian Sturm c.Van den Heuvel Alan R.Harvey School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia(UWA)PerthWAAustralia Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science PerthWAAustralia cell and Tissue Therapies WA(cTTWA) Royal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia Adelaide Medical School Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

Delivery of a peptide(APP96-110),derived from amyloid precursor protein(APP),has been shown to elicit neuroprotective effects following cerebral stroke and traumatic brain *** this study,the effect of APP96-110 or a mutant version of this peptide(mAPP96-110)was assessed following moderate(200 kdyn,(2 N))thoracic contusive spinal cord injury(ScI)in adult Nude *** received a single tail vein injection of APP96-110 or mAPP96-110 at 30 minutes post-ScI and were then assessed for functional improvements over the next 8 weeks.A cohort of animals also received transplants of either viable or non-viable human mesenchymal stromal cells(hMScs)into the Sc lesion site at one week post-injury to assess the effect of combining intravenous APP96-110 delivery with hMSc *** were perfused 8 weeks post-ScI and longitudinal sections of spinal cord analyzed for a number of factors including hMSc viability,cyst size,axonal regrowth,glial reactivity and macrophage *** of sensorimotor function revealed occasional significant differences between groups using Ladderwalk or Ratwalk tests,however there were no consistent improvements in functional outcome after any of the ***96-110 alone,and APP96-110 in combination with both viable and non-viable hMScs significantly reduced cyst size compared to ScI *** treatments with donor hMScs also significantly increased βIII tubulin^(+),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP^(+))and laminin+expression,and decreased ED1^(+)expression in *** preliminary study demonstrates that intravenous delivery of APP96-110 peptide has selective,modest neuroprotective effects following ScI,which may be enhanced when combined with hMSc ***,the effects are less pronounced and less consistent compared to the protective morphological and cognitive impact that this same peptide has on neuronal survival and behaviour after stroke and traumatic brain *** while the efficacy of a

关键词： amyloid precursor protein cell transplantation combination contusion functional recovery mesenchymal stromal cells neuroprotection regeneration spinal cord injury tissue sparing

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Endo-β-1,4-glucanases impact plant cell wall development by influencing cellulose crystallization

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 396-410页

作者： Magdalena Glass sarah Barkwill Faride Unda Shawn D.Mansfield Department of Wood Science University of British Columbia

cell walls are vital to the normal growth and development of plants as they protect the protoplast and provide rigidity to the stem. Here, two poplar and Arabidopsis orthologous endoglucanases, which have been proposed to play a role in secondary cell wall development, were examined. The class B endoglucanases, Pt GH9B5 and At GH9B5, are secreted enzymes that have a predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, while the class c endoglucanases, Pt GH9c2 and At GH9c2, are also predicted to be secreted but instead contain a carbohydrate-binding *** poplar endoglucanases were expressed in Arabidopsis using both a 35 S promoter and the Arabidopsis secondary cell wall-specific ces A8 promoter. Additionally, Arabidopsis t-DNA insertion lines and an RNAiconstruct was created to downregulate At GH9c2 in Arabidopsis. All of the plant lines were examined for changes in cell morphology and patterning, growth and development, cell wall crystallinity, micro fibril angle, and proportion of cell wall carbohydrates. Misregulation of Pt GH9B5/At GH9B5 resulted in changes in xylose content, while misregulation of Pt GH9c2/At GH9c2 resulted in changes in crystallinity, which was inversely correlated with changes in plant height and rosette diameter. Together, these results suggest that these endoglucanases affect secondary cell wall development by contributing to the cell wall crystallization process.

关键词： cellulose cell walls crystallinity endoglucanase expansion glucose xylose

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