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Poor maternal nutrition inhibits muscle development in ovine offspring

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第1期6卷 79-89页

作者： sarah a reed Joseline S Raja Maria L Hoffman Steven A Zinn Kristen E Govoni Department of Animal Science University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA

Background： Maternal over and restricted nutrition has negative consequences on the muscle of offspring by reducing muscle fiber number and altering regulators of muscle growth. To determine if over and restricted maternal nutrition affected muscle growth and gene fed 60%, 100% or 140% of National Research Council and protein expression in offspring, 36 pregnant ewes were requirements from d 31 ＋ 1,3 of gestation until parturition. Lambs from control-fed （CON）, restricted-fed （RES） or over-fed （OVER） ewes were necropsied within 1 d of birth （n = 18） or maintained on a control diet for 3 mo （n = ] 5）. Semitendinosus muscle was collected for immunohistochemistry, and protein and gene expression analysis. Results： Compared with CON, muscle fiber cross-sectional area （CSA） increased in RES （58%） and OVER （47%） lambs at 1 d of age （P〈 0.01）; however at 3 mo, CSA decreased 15% and 17% compared with CON, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Compared with CON, muscle lipid content was increased in OVER （212.4%） and RES （92.5%） at d 1 （P 〈 0.0001）. Muscle lipid content was increased 36.1% in OVER and decreased 23.6% in RES compared with CON at 3 mo （P 〈 0.0001）. At d 1, myostatin mRNA abundance in whole muscle tended to be greater in OVER （P = 0.07） than CON. Follistatin mRNA abundance increased in OVER （P = 0.04） and tended to increase in RES （P = 0.06） compared with CON at d 1. However, there was no difference in myostatin or follistatin protein expression （P 〉 0.3）. Phosphorylated Akt （ser473） was increased in RES at 3 mo compared with CON （P = 0.006）. Conclusions： In conclusion, maternal over and restricted nutrient intake alters muscle lipid content and growth of offspring, possibly through altered gene and protein expression.

关键词： Growth Maternal nutrition Muscle development Sheep

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Electro-and photochemical studies of gold (Ⅲ) bromide towards a novel laser-based method of gold patterning

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2022年第3期4卷 105-111页

作者： Cecily Rosenbaum Matthew Murphy Paul T Lawrence Curtis Sirkoch Stella Rose Schneeberg Kyle Zigner sarah Morris Ethan Richman Chibuzo Anyanwu Eric Will Clare Wheeler Eric reed Christopher N LaFratta Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Bard CollegeAnnandale-on-HudsonNYUnited States of America

In this report, we demonstrate a novel technique for the microscopic patterning of gold by combining the photoreduction of Au^(Ⅲ)Br_(2)^(-)to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)and the electrochemical reduction of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-)to elemental gold in a single step within solution. While mask-based methods have been the norm for electroplating, the adoption of direct laser writing for flexible, real-time patterning has not been widespread. Through irradiation using a 405 nm laser and applying a voltage corresponding to a selective potential window specific to Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-), we have shown that we can locally deposit elemental gold at the focal point of the laser. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of the technique, we have collected data on the kinetics of the photoreduction reaction in ethanol and have deduced its rate law. We have confirmed the selective deposition of Au^(Ⅰ)Br_(2)^(-) within a potential window through controlled potential electrolysis experiments and through direct measurement on a quartz crystal microbalance. Finally, we have verified local deposition through scanning electron microscopy.

关键词： photolithography direct laser writing electrodeposition gold(Ⅲ)bromide photoreduction

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女性顶起半边天——崔向群院士专访

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中国国家天文 2012年第10期6卷 40-41页

作者： sarah reed 孙媛媛(译)

2012年8月27日，正在北京举行的第28届IAU大会举行了女性天文学家午餐会，中国天文学会理事长崔向群院士受邀做主题发言。

关键词：院士女性天文学家理事长

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Effects of maternal nutrition on the expression of genomic imprinted genes inovine fetuses

Effects of maternal nutrition on the expression of genomic i...

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第十四届中国实验动物科学年会

作者： Jingyue (Ellie) Duan 张名媛 Kaleigh Flock Sahar Al Seesi Ion Mandoiu Amanda Jones Elizabeth Johnson Sambhu Pillai Maria Hoffman Katelyn McFadden Hesheng Jiang sarah reed Kristen Govoni Steve Zinn Zongliang Jiang Xiuchun (Cindy) Tian Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut College of Animal Science and Technology Guangxi University Laboratory Animal Center Guangxi Medical University Department of Computer Science University of Connecticut School of Animal Science Louisiana StateUniversity Agricultural Center

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon of differential allelic expression based on parentalorigin. To date, 263 imprinted genes have been identified among all investigated mammalian species.However, only 21 have been described in sheep, of which 11 are annotated in the current ovinegenome. Here, we aimtoi) use DNA/RNA high throughput sequencing to identify new monoallelicallyexpressed and imprinted genes in day 135 ovine fetuses and ii) determine whether maternal diet(100%, 60%, or 140% of National Research Council Total Digestible Nutrients) influences expression ofimprinted genes. We also reported strategies to solve technical challenges in the data analysispipeline. We identified 80 monoallelically expressed, 13 new putative imprinted genes, and fiveknown imprinted genes in sheep using the 263 genes stated above as a guide. Sanger sequencingconfirmed allelic expression of seven genes, CASD1, COPG2, DIRAS3, INPP5 F, PLAGL1, PPP1 R9 A, and SLC22 A18. Among the 13 putative imprinted genes, five were localized in the known sheep imprintingdomains of MEST on chromosome 4, DLK1/GTL2 on chromosome 18 and KCNQ1 on chromosome 21,and three were in a novel sheep imprinted cluster on chromosome 4, known in other species asPEG10/SGCE. The expression of DIRAS3, IGF2, PHLDA2, and SLC22 A18 was altered by maternal diet,albeit without allelic expression reversal. Together, our results expanded the list of sheep imprintedgenes to 34 and demonstrated that while the expression levels of four imprinted genes were changedby maternal diet, the allelic expression patterns were un-changed for all imprinted genes studied.

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