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Biochemical and Molecular Effects of Phoenix dactyliferaand Ziziphus spina-christiExtracts on Candida albicans

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第3期7卷 29-43页

作者： sara Al-Ali Awatif Al-Judaibi King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia Jeddah University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Our overall knowledge of the medicinal uses of plants suggests that natural compounds could be useful in the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections in tropical regions. Furthermore, the possibilities of treatment using plant extracts may be even broader than is already known when one considers plants that have not been extensively studied in this context, such as the regional species Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi. This study compared the antimicrobial activity of Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi extracts in terms of their biochemical and molecular effects on Candida albicans (ATCC CA 10231). These effects included altered levels of intracellular sterols, changes in the permeability of the cell membrane, and changes in the TEF1: QRTTEF1, CaERG1: ERG1, CdERG12: CdERG1, and ERG25: ERG25 genes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify morphological characteristics, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analyses were conducted. In treated samples, the SEM and EDAX analyses showed cell cavities and shrinkage of the cell wall, and the number of cells was reduced to only a few abnormal cells as compared with that in the untreated samples. Yttrium was detected in the cells treated with Z. spina-christi, and high levels of osmium were detected in the cells treated with P. dactylifera. Compared with control cells, cells exposed to the concentration 150 μl/ml of Z. spina-christi extract had an average sterol concentration that was nearly 3 times higher, while the concentration was 5.5 times higher for cells treated with the 150 μl/ml of P. dactylifera extract. The ethanol extracts affected the permeability of C. albicans cell membrane. Gene sequencing showed gaps and mismatches in the ERG1, ERG12, and ERG25 genes after treatment with P. dactylifera and Z. spina-christi extracts compared with that in the controls. The results were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01). We conclude that the ethanol extracts of P. dactylifera and Z

关键词： Sterols Cell Permeability EDAX Analyses Phoenix dactylifera Ziziphus spina-christi Molecular Characterization

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An Ethylene Over-Producing Mutant of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Epinastic, Exhibits Tolerance to High Temperature Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第4期12卷 487-497页

作者： Sridharan Jegadeesan Etan Pressman Avital Beery Vikram Singh lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres sara Shabtai Nurit Firon Department of Vegetable and Field Crops Institute of Plant Sciences Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center Rishon LeZion Israel Field Application Scientist Premas Life Sciences Bangalore India laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de Sao Paulo Piracicaba Brazil

Above-optimal temperatures reduce yield in many crops, including tomato, largely because of the heat-sensitivity of their reproduction process. A full understanding of heat-stress (HS) response and thermotolerance of tomato reproduction is still lacking. Recently, using external application of the plant hormone ethylene, it was demonstrated that ethylene plays a role in heat-tolerance of tomato pollen (the male reproductive cells). In order to expand our understanding on involvement of ethylene in tomato pollen thermotolerance, we analyzed the response of wild type and ethylene-related tomato mutant plants to HS, at physiological and molecular levels. We report that mild chronic HS conditions highly reduce the number of viable and germinating pollen grains as well as the production of seeded fruits in wild type tomato plants, while no significant reduction was detected/observed in pollen quality, number of seeded fruits and seeds per fruit in plants of the ethylene over-producer mutant epinastic. Our findings suggest that ethylene is involved in thermotolerance of tomato reproduction, pointing to an effect on pollen viability and germination potential, highlighting candidate genes involved in pollen response to HS (like SlHSP17, SlHSP101, SlMBF1) and suggesting directions for further studies.

关键词： Ethylene Mild Chronic Heat Stress Pollen Grains Reproduction Solanum lycopersicum Thermotolerance

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Motor adaptation and internal model formation in a robot-mediated forcefield

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Psychoradiology 2021年第2期1卷 73-87页

作者： Myriam Taga Annacarmen Curci sara Pizzamigglio Irene lacal Duncan l.Turner Cynthia H.Y.Fu 无 School of Health Sports and BioscienceUniversity of East LondonLondonUK Department of Computer Science School of ArchitectureComputing and EngineeringUniversity of East LondonLondonUK Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly School of Psychology University of East LondonLondonUK Centre for Affective Disorders Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK

Background:Motor adaptation relies on error-based learning for accurate movements in changing ***,the neurophysiological mechanisms driving individual differences in performance are *** magnetic stimulation(TMS)-evoked potential can provide a direct measure of cortical ***:To investigate cortical excitability as a predictor of motor learning and motor adaptation in a robot-mediated ***:A group of 15 right-handed healthy participants(mean age 23 years)performed a robot-mediated forcefield perturbation *** were two conditions:unperturbed non-adaptation and perturbed *** was applied in the resting state at baseline and following motor adaptation over the contralateral primary motor cortex(left M1).Electroencephalographic(EEG)activity was continuously recorded,and cortical excitability was measured by TMS-evoked potential(TEP).Motor learning was quantified by the motor learning ***:larger error-related negativity(ERN)in fronto-central regions was associated with improved motor per-formance as measured by a reduction in trajectory *** TEP N100 peak amplitude predicted motor learning(P=0.005),which was significantly attenuated relative to baseline(P=0.0018)following motor ***:ERN reflected the formation of a predictive internal model adapted to the forcefield *** in TEP N100 amplitude reflected an increase in cortical excitability with motor adaptation reflecting neuroplastic changes in the sensorimotor *** N100 is a potential biomarker for predicting the outcome in robot-mediated therapy and a mechanism to investigate psychomotor abnormalities in depression.

关键词： EEG TMS motor adaptation robot-mediated forcefield N100 ERN

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News about Tap and Bottled Water: Can This Influence People’s Choices?

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第4期3卷 324-333页

作者： Josiane T. M. Queiroz Mark W. Rosenberg léo Heller Andréa l. M. Zhouri sara R. Silva Departament of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Federal University Minas Gerais Brazil Departament of Environmental Technology Federal Institute Espírito Santo Brazil Departament of Geography Queen’s University Kingston Canada Departament of Sociology and Anthropology Federal University Minas Gerais Brazil

The pursuit of alternative safe water has increased dramatically the world trade in bottled water. Events happened in Canada which changed the population’s perception about the quality of tap water, despite all government efforts. Media has an important role to pass on information because there is value judgment in its reports. As a result, this study aims to present recent data from two Canadian newspapers of national circulation, which refer to tap water and bottled water. It used quantitative and qualitative data for this analysis. The study concludes that the media, taken into consideration, provides its readers with important information, but the information can also be ambiguous. Nevertheless, it arouses interest in further research about this subject matter and about protecting water resources.

关键词： Tap Water Bottled Water News Reports Water Protection

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Genome and transcriptome analysis of the grapevine(Vitis vinifera l.) WRKY gene family

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 227-242页

作者： Min Wang Alessandro Vannozzi Gang Wang Ying-Hai liang Giovanni Battista Tornielli sara Zenoni Erika Cavallini Mario Pezzotti Zong-Ming(Max)Cheng Fruit Crop Systems Biology laboratory College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Universita`degli Studi di Verona37134 VeronaItaly Department of Agronomy FoodNatural resourcesAnimals and EnvironmentUniversity of Padova35020 LegnaroPDItaly

The plant WRKY gene family represents an ancient and complex class of zinc-finger transcription factors(TFs)that are involved in the regulation of various physiological processes,such as development and senescence,and in plant response to many biotic and abiotic *** the growing number of studies on the genomic organisation of WRKY gene family in different species,little information is available about this family in grapevine(Vitis vinifera l.).In the present study,a total number of 59 putative grapevine WRKY transcription factors(VvWRKYs)were identified based on the analysis of various genomic and proteomic grapevine *** to their structural and phylogentic features,the identified grapevine WRKY transcription factors were classified into three main *** order to shed light into their regulatory roles in growth and development as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stress in grapevine,the VvWRKYs expression profiles were examined in publicly available microarray *** analysis of these data revealed distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns of VvWRKYs in various tissues,organs and developmental stages,as well as in response to biotic and abiotic *** also extend our analysis to situations not covered by the arrays and to validate our results,the expression profiles of selected VvWRKYs in response to drought stress,Erysiphe necator(powdery mildew)infection,and hormone treatments(salicilic acid and ethylene),were investigated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR).The present study provides a foundation for further comparative genomics and functional studies of this important class of transcriptional regulators in grapevine.

关键词： analysis Vitis vinifera

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Prednisolone inhibits SaOS2 osteosarcoma cell proliferation by activating inducible nitric oxide synthase

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World Journal of Translational Medicine 2016年第1期5卷 53-58页

作者： Alessandra Cazzaniga Jeanette AM Maier sara Castiglioni Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche luigi Sacco Università di Milano

AIM:To investigate the effect of prednisolone,a synthetic glucocorticoid used in inflammatory diseases,on the growth of cultured osteosarcoma ***:Two osteosarcoma cell lines with different degree of differentiation were ***2 show a rather mature phenotype,while U2 OS are negative for almost all osteoblastic *** cells were exposed to different concentrations of prednisolone(1-9 μmol/l) with or without antioxidants or the inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) l-N6-(iminoethyl)-lysine-HCl(l-NIl).Cell growth was assessed by counting viable *** production of nitric oxide(NO) was measured in the conditioned media by the Griess *** production of reactive oxygen species was quantified using 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein *** blot with specific antibodies against NOSs was performed on cell ***:Prednisolone inhibited SaOS2 cell growth in a dose dependent *** significant effects were observed in *** inhibition of SaOS2 growth is not due to oxidative stress,because antioxidants do not rescue cell *** high concentrations of NO inhibit bone formation,we also measured NO and found it induced in SaOS2,but not in U2 OS,exposed to prednisolone,because of the upregulation of i NOS as detected by western ***,we treated SaOS2 with prednisolone in the presence or in the absence of l-NIl.l-NIl prevented NO release induced by prednisolone at all the concentrations apart from 9 μmol/*** the same concentrations,we found that l-NIl rescued SaOS2 growth after exposure to *** U2 OS cells,prednisolone did not induce NO production nor affected cell *** together,these data indicate that a link exists between increased amounts of NO and growth inhibition in response to prednisolone in ***:Prednisolone inhibited SaOS2 proliferation by increasing the release of NO through the upregulation of i NOS,while no effect was exerted on U2OS.

关键词： Osteosarcoma cells Prednisolone Nitric oxide Inducible nitric oxide synthase Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Reactive oxygen species

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Residual Effect of Biochar on Soil Properties and Yield of Maize (Zea mays l.) under Different Cropping Systems

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2018年第1期8卷 16-35页

作者： sara, Z. Shah T. Shah Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Crop Production Sciences the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

A field experiment was conducted to examine the residual influence of biochar applied previously to an established experiment at the Agriculture University Research Farm, Peshawar on soil properties and yield of maize crop during summer 2016. The experiment was established in RCB design with split plot arrangements having cropping systems (CS) in main plots and biochar (BC) in sub-plots. Cropping systems were: 1) wheat-mung bean;2) wheat-maize;3) chickpea-maize;and 4) chickpea-mung bean. During the past three seasons, each cropping system received biochar at 0, 40, 60 and 80 t·haǃ along with recommended dose of NPK in each season. For this study, maize was planted after chickpea and wheat in summer 2016. The results showed that grain yield, cobs weight and total N uptake of maize was significantly greater for chickpea-maize than for wheat-maize cropping system. Soil organic C was also significantly higher in soil under chickpea-maize than under wheat-maize cropping system. However, other yield components such as stover yield, harvest index and N concentration in grain and stover of maize and soil properties such as pH, EC and mineral N were non-significantly affected by cropping systems. With respect to residual effect of biochar grain yield of maize and bulk density of soil were maximum for treatment receiving biochar at 40 t·haǃ whereas cobs weight soil pH and mineral N were highest receiving biochar at 60 t·haǃ. Moreover, N concentration in stover, N uptake and soil organic C were maximum for treatment receiving biochar at 80 t·haǃ. However, stover yield, harvest index, N concentration in grain, and soil EC were non-significantly affected by biochar treatments. However interactions between CS × BC were significant for yield and yield parameters of maize and for soil properties (bulk density mineral N), while non-significant for harvest index, soil organic C, pH and EC. It was concluded that chickpea-maize cropping system performed

关键词： Biochar Residual Effect Soil Properties Cropping Systems Yield and Yield Components of Maize

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Control programs for strongyloidiasis in areas of high endemicity: an economic analysis of different approaches

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 72-81页

作者： Dora Buonfrate lorenzo Zammarchi Zeno Bisoffi Antonio Montresor sara Boccalin Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria HospitalNegrarVeronaItaly Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly Referral Center for Tropical Diseases of Tuscany Infectious and Tropical Diseases UnitCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly. Department of Diagnostics and Public Health University ofVeronaVeronaItaly Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Department of Health Sciences University of FlorenceFloreneeItaly.

Background:Implementation of control programmes for Strongyloides stercoralis infection is among the targets of the World Health Organization Roadmap to *** ofthis work was to evaluate the possible impact in terms of economic resources and health status of two different strategies of preventive chemotherapy(PC)compared to the current situation(strategy A,no PC):administration of ivermectin to school-age children(SAC)and adults(strategy B)versus ivermectin to SAC only(strategy C).Methods:The study was conducted at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria hospital,Negrar di Valpolicella,Verona,Italy,at the University of Florence,Italy,and at the WHO,Geneva,Switzerland,from May 2020 to April *** for the model were extracted from literature.A mathematical model was developed in Microsoft Excel to assess the impact of strategies B and C in a standard population of 1 million subjects living in a strongyloidiasis endemic *** a case base seenario,15%prevalence of strongyloidiasis was considered;the 3 strategies were then evaluated at different thresholds of prevalenee,ranging from 5 to 20%.The results were reported as number of infected subjects,deaths,costs,and Incremental-Effectiveness Ratio(ICER).A 1-year and a 10-year horizons were ***:In the case base seenario,cases of infections would reduce dramatically in the first year of implementation of PC with both strategy B and C:from 172500 cases to 77040 following strategy B and 146700 following strategy *** additional cost per recovered person was United States Dollar(USD)2.83 and USD 1.13 in strategy B and C,respectively,compared to no treatment in the first *** both strategies,there was a downtrend in costs per recovered person with increasing *** number of adverted deaths was larger for strategy B than C,but cost to advert one death was lower for strategy C than ***:This analysis permits to estimate the impact of two PC strategies for the control of strongyloidiasis in

关键词： Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloidiasis Control programme Preventive chemotherapy Ivermectin Economic Adverted death Adverted infection

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Interaction of Acaena elongata *** Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Phosphorus limitation Conditions in a Temperate Forest

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 605-619页

作者： Yasmin Vázquez-Santos Yuriana Martínez-Orea JavierÁlvarez-Sánchez NoéManuel Montaño sara lucía Camargo-Ricalde Silvia Castillo-Argüero Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoFacultad de CienciasCiudad de México04510México Departamento de Biología División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaCiudad de México09340México

The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of Acaena elongata colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)to different phosphorus(P)concentrations,as a measure of AMF ***,is a species from soils where P availability is limited,such as temperate *** research questions were:1)How do different P concentrations affect the AMF association in Acaena elongata,and 2)How does the AMF association influence ***’s growth under different P concentrations?***’s growth,P content in plant tissue,AMF colonization and dependency were measured under four P concentrations:control(0 g P kg^(-1)),low(0.05 g P kg^(-1)),intermediate(0.2 g P kg^(-1))and high(2 g P kg^(-1))in different harvests.A complete randomized block design was ***’s growth was higher under-AMF in intermediate and high P concentrations,and the lowest growth corresponded to+AMF in the low and intermediate P *** observed a negative effect on the root biomass under+AMF in intermediate P concentration,while the P concentration had a positive effect on the leaf area *** AMF colonization in *** decreased in the highest P concentration and it was favored under intermediate P concentration;while the low and the high concentrations generated a cost-benefit *** results suggest that the performance of some plant species in soils with low P availability may not be favored by their association with AMF,but a synergy between AMF and intermediate P concentrations might drive ***’s growth.

关键词： Abies religiosa forest arbuscular mycorrhizae plant growth soil fertilization

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Characterization of hepatitis B virus X gene quasispecies complexity in mono-infection and hepatitis delta virus superinfection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第13期25卷 1566-1579页

作者： Cristina Godoy David Tabernero sara Sopena Josep Gregori Maria Francesca Cortese Carolina González Rosario Casillas Mar?al Yll Ariadna Rando Rosa lópez-Martínez Josep Quer Gloria González-Aseguinolaza Rafael Esteban Mar Riveiro-Barciela Maria Buti Francisco Rodríguez-Frías liver Pathology Unit Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona liver Unit Liver Disease Laboratory-Viral Hepatitis Vall d’Hebron Institut Recerca-Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ Roche Diagnostics Sl Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra liver Unit Department of Internal MedicineHospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)

Hepatitis delta virus(HDV) seems to strongly suppress hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication, although little is known about the mechanism of this interaction. Both these viruses show a dynamic distribution of mutants, resulting in viral quasispecies. Next-generation sequencing is a viable approach for analyzing the composition of these mutant spectra. As the regulatory hepatitis B X protein(HBx) is essential for HBV replication, determination of HBV X gene(HBX)quasispecies complexity in HBV/HDV infection compared to HBV monoinfection may provide information on the interactions between these two *** To compare HBV quasispecies complexity in the HBX 5' region between chronic hepatitis delta(CHD) and chronic HBV mono-infected *** Twenty-four untreated patients were included: 7/24(29.2%) with HBeAgnegative chronic HBV infection(CI, previously termed inactive carriers), 8/24(33.3%) with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and 9/24(37.5%) with CHD. A serum sample from each patient was first tested for HBV DNA *** HBX 5' region [nucleotides(nt) 1255-1611] was then PCR-amplified for subsequent next-generation sequencing(MiSeq, Illumina, United States). HBV quasispecies complexity in the region analyzed was evaluated using incidencebased indices(number of haplotypes and number of mutations), abundancebased indices(Hill numbers of order 1 and 2), and functional indices(mutation frequency and nucleotide diversity). We also evaluated the pattern of nucleotide changes to investigate which of them could be the cause of the quasispecies *** CHB patients showed higher median HBV-DNA levels [5.4 logIU/ml,interquartile range(IQR) 3.5-7.9] than CHD(3.4 logIU/ml, IQR 3-7.6)(P = n.s.)or CI(3.2 logIU/ml, IQR 2.3-3.5)(P lexity was significantly greater in CI than CHB. A similar trend was observed in CHD patients, although only Hill numbers of order 2 showed

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis delta virus Hepatitis B X gene Next-generation sequencing Viral quasispecies Hepatitis B virus-hepatitis delta virus interaction

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