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Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children:a narrative review

World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第1期17卷 10-20页

作者： Reza Sinaei sara Pezeshki Saeedeh Parvaresh Roya Sinaei Department of Pediatrics School of MedicineEndocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterInstitute of Basic and Clinical Physiology SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineEndocrinology and Metabolism Research CenterInstitute of Basic and Clinical Physiology SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran

Background Despite the streaks of severity,severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is,in general,less frequent and severe in children than in *** searched for causal evidence of this *** sources An extensive search strategy was designed to identify papers on coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We searched Ovid MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE databases,and Cochrane library and carried out a review on the causes of this *** Our searches produced 81 relevant *** review showed that children accounted for a lower percentage of reported cases,and they also experienced less severe illness *** potential explanations,including the tendency to engage the upper airway,the different expression in both receptors of angiotensin-converting enzyme and renin-angiotensin system,a less vigorous immune response,the lower levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,myeloperoxidase,and P-selectin and a higher intracellular adhesion molecule-1,a potential protective role of lymphocytes,and also lung infiltrations might have protective roles in the immune system-respiratory tract ***,what have shed light on this under representa-tion comes from two studies that revealed high-titer immunoglobulin-G antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus and mycoplasma pneumonia,may carry out cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection,just like what suggested about the *** These results require an in-depth *** of the immune system including a less vigorous adaptive system beside a preliminary potent innate response and a trained immunity alongside a healthier respiratory system,and their interactions,might protect children against SARS-CoV-2 ***,further studies are needed to explore other possible causes of this enigma.

关键词： Children Coronavirus disease 2019 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2

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Changes in Metabolites and Allelopathic Effects of Non-Pigmented and Black-Pigmented Lowland Indica Rice Varieties in Phosphorus Deficiency

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 434-448,I0025,I0026页

作者： Liyana sara Sompop SAEHENG Panupong PUTTARAK Lompong KLINNAWEE Division of Biological Science Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand Division of Health and Applied Sciences Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand Plant Cell and Physiology for Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit Faculty of SciencePrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesPrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center Prince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand

Phosphorus(P) levels alter the allelopathic activity of rice seedlings against lettuce seeds. In this study, we investigated the effect of P deficiency on the allelopathic potential of non-pigmented and pigmented rice varieties. Rice seedlings of the white variety Khao Dawk Mali(KDML105, non-pigmented) and the black varieties Jao Hom Nin(JHN, pigmented) and Riceberry(RB, pigmented) were cultivated under high P(HP) and low P(LP) conditions. Morphological and metabolic responses to P deficiency were investigated. P deficiency inhibited shoot growth but promoted root growth of rice seedlings in all three varieties. Moreover, P deficiency led to decreased cytosolic phosphate(Pi) and total P concentrations in both shoot and root tissues. The subsequent reduction in internal P concentration enhanced the accumulation of phenolic compounds in both shoot and root tissues of the seedlings. Subsequently, allelopathy-based inter-and intra-specific interactions were assessed using water extracts from seedlings of the three varieties grown under HP and LP conditions. These extracts were tested on seeds of lettuce, the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and the same rice variety. The shoot and root extracts from P-deficient seedlings reduced the germination of all recipient plants. Specifically, the shoot extract from P-deficient KDML105 seedlings reduced the germination index(GI) of lettuce seeds to 1%, while those from P-deficient RB and JHN seedlings produced GIs of 32% and 42%, respectively. However, when rice seeds were exposed to their own LP shoot and root extracts, their GIs increased up to 4-fold, compared with the HP extracts. Additionally, the shoot extracts from P-deficient plants also stimulated the germination of D. aegyptium by about 2–3-fold, whereas the root extracts did not have this effect. Therefore, P starvation led to the accumulation and exudation of phenolics in the shoots and roots of rice seedlings, altering their allelopathic activities. To adapt to P defici

关键词： phosphorus deficiency non-pigmented and black-pigmented rice phenolics extract allelopathy

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Usage of Iranian scoria for copper and cadmium removal from aqueous solutions

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第10期22卷 3760-3769页

作者： sara Seyfi Amir Reza Azadmehr Mahdi Gharabaghi Abbas Maghsoudi Department of Mining & Metallurgical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology School of Mining Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran

The competitive removal of copper and cadmium from aqueous solutions using scoria has been investigated. Scoria was characterized by various methods, such as XRD, XRF, FT-IR and SEM. The results show that scoria sample contained augite, enstatite, diopside, and olivine. These minerals were separated from each other and each mineral was then subjected to the adsorption experiments. It was found that the main absorbent constituent in scoria was augite. Finally, statistical experimental method was used to optimization of adsorption conditions（Initial concentration of copper and cadmium ions, the amount of scoria and temperature） for removal of Cu（II） and Cd（II） ions from solution in optimum conditions. The optimum conditions are obtained as follows： concentrations of Cu（II） and Cd（II） of 400×10-6 and 554×10-6, respectively; amount of scoria of 7 g; temperature of 38 ℃. Under these conditions Cu（II） and Cd（II） ions are absorbed onto the scoria more than 79% and 16%, respectively.

关键词： scoria adsorption removal factorial design

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Oil Strategies Benefits over Different Driving Cycles using Numerical Simulation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2017年第4期26卷 371-377页

作者： Hanna sara David CHALET Mickael CORMERAIS Jean-Francois HETET Ecole Centrale de Nantes LHEEA lab.(ECN/CNRS)NantesFrance MANN+HUMMEL France LavalFrance

95 g/kin is the allowed quantity of CO2 emission normalized to NEDC to be set in 2020. In addition, NEDC will be replaced by more severe driving cycles and will be united worldwide. To respond to those criteria, automotive industries are working on every possible field. Thermal management has been proved to be effective in reducing fuel consumption. Cold start is a primordial reason of ovcrconsumption, as the engine highest efficiency is at its optimal temperature. At cold start, the engine＇s oil is at its lowest temperature and thus its higher viscosity level. A high viscosity oil generates more friction, which is one of the most important heat losses in the engine. In th/s paper, hot oil storage is studied. Numerical simulations on GT-suite model were done. The model consists of a 4-cylinder turbocharged Diesel engine using a storage volume of 1 liter of hot oil. Ambient temperature vari- ation were taken into consideration as well as different driving cycles. Furthermore, different configurations of the thermal strategy （multifunction oil sump） were proposed and evaluated. Lubricant temperature and viscosity profiles are presented in the article as well as fuel consumption savings for different configurations, driving cycles and ambient temperatures.

关键词： Thermal management Hot oil storage Oil sump Oil viscosity Fuel consumption

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ASIAN CARP EXPANSION IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER:FOCUSING ON THE LEADING EDGE OF THE INVASION FRONT

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水生生物学报 2018年第6期42卷 1075-1080页

作者： TRIPP sara PHELPS Quinton Big Rivers and Wetlands Field Station Missouri Department of Conservation3815 East Jackson BoulevardJacksonMissouri 63755USA West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources307C Percival HallMorgantownWest Virginia 26505USA

Asian carp are expanding their range throughout the Mississippi River; however, abundance is thought to be highest in reaches within close proximity to the Illinois River. In the Mississippi River, Lock and Dam 19(L&D 19) at Keokuk, Iowa is the primary barrier to slow the expansion upstream. As Asian carp abundance increases below L&D 19, it is important to investigate potential means of control(i.e., reduction through harvest and barriers) that will prevent complete invasion of the Mississippi River above L&D 19. Silver Carp and Bighead Carp were collected below L&D 19, a subsample were implanted with ultrasonic transmitters to evaluate passage through the lock chamber and the remainder were used to determine population dynamics at the leading edge of invasion. Although the dam portion of the structure poses a complete barrier to upstream expansion, we documented lock chamber passage demonstrating the lock chamber has the capability to provide passage upstream. Based on the results of the population assessment, in order to induce recruitment overfishing at this leading edge of invasion, Asian carp will need to be intensively harvested at 300 mm and larger. The combination of commercial fishing efforts and research investigating ways to prevent passage upstream must be employed.

关键词： Mississippi River remainder

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Advancing hepatic recompensation:Baveno VII criteria and therapeutic innovations in liver cirrhosis management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2954-2958页

作者： Lorenzo Ridola sara Del Cioppo Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of RomePolo PontinoRome 00185Italy

The Baveno VII criteria redefine the management of decompensated liver cirrhosis,introducing the concept of hepatic recompensation marking a significant departure from the conventional view of irreversible *** to this concept is addressing the underlying cause of cirrhosis through tailored therapies,including antivirals and lifestyle *** on alcohol,hepatitis C virus,and hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis demonstrate the efficacy of these interventions in improving liver function and patient *** intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)emerges as a promising intervention,effectively resolving complications of portal hypertension and facilitating ***,optimal timing and patient selection for TIPS remain *** challenges,TIPS offers renewed hope for hepatic recompensation,marking a significant advancement in cirrhosis *** research is needed to refine its implementation and maximize its *** conclusion,TIPS stands as a promising avenue for improving hepatic function and patient outcomes in decompensated liver cirrhosis within the framework of the Baveno VII criteria.

关键词： Hepatic recompensation Baveno VII Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Portal hypertension Cirrhosis Decompensation

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Pancreatic adenocarcinoma:Beyond first line,where are we?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第17期27卷 1847-1863页

作者： sara Cherri Silvia Noventa Alberto Zaniboni Department of Oncology Fondazione PoliambulanzaBrescia 25124Italy

Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most aggressive cancers,with an increasing incidence in recent *** date,chemotherapy is still the standard of care for advanced metastatic disease,unfortunately providing only a slight advantage in terms of *** molecular and cellular characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells,as well as the cells that characterize the pancreatic tumour microenvironment,are the basis of the mechanisms of resistance to *** progression during first-line treatment,few patients are eligible for secondline treatment due to the loss of performance *** date,a clear survival advantage has not yet been demonstrated for second-line *** medicine could be the key to increasing responses to cancer treatment and finally impacting survival in this difficult-to-treat *** this review,we analyze current recommendations in the second-line setting and potential future prospects.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Second-line Chemotherapy Targeted therapy Immunotherapy

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Solid lipid nanoparticles for nose to brain delivery of haloperidol:in vitro drug release and pharmacokinetics evaluation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第6期4卷 454-463页

作者： Mohd Yasir Udai Vir Singh sara Department of Pharmacy Uttarakhand Technical UniversityDehradun 248007UttarakhandIndia Department of Pharmaceutics ITS Pharmacy CollegeMuradnagarGhaziabad 201206Uttar PradeshIndia College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Raj Kumar Goel Institute of TechnologyGhaziabad 201201Uttar PradeshIndia

In the present study,haloperidol(HP)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs)were prepared to enhance the uptake of HP to brain via intranasal(i.n.)*** were prepared by a modified emulsification-diffusion technique and evaluated for particle size,zeta potential,drug entrapment efficiency,in vitro drug release,and *** parameters were found to be in an acceptable *** vitro drug release was found to be 94.1674.78%after 24 h and was fitted to the Higuchi model with a very high correlation coefficient(R2¼0.9941).Pharmacokinetics studies were performed on albino Wistar rats and the concentration of HP in brain and blood was measured by high performance liquid *** brain/blood ratio at 0.5 h for HP-SLNs i.n.,HP *** HP *** 1.61,0.17 and 0.031,respectively,indicating direct nose-to-brain transport,bypassing the blood-brain *** maximum concentration(Cmax)in brain achieved from *** of HP-SLNs(329.17720.89 ng/mL,Tmax 2 h)was significantly higher than that achieved after i.v.(76.9577.62 ng/mL,Tmax 1 h),and i.n.(90.1376.28 ng/mL,Tmax 2 h)administration of HP *** highest drug-targeting efficiency(2362.43%)and direct transport percentage(95.77%)was found with HP-SLNs as compared to the other *** DTE(%)and DTP(%)suggest that HP-SLNs have better brain targeting efficiency as compared to other formulations.

关键词： Brain targeting Haloperidol Intranasal route Pharmacokinetics Solid lipid nanoparticles

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New drugs for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第11期13卷 1551-1560页

作者： sara Cherri Michela Libertini Alberto Zaniboni Department of Oncology Fondazione PoliambulanzaBrescia 25124Italy

Colorectal cancer(CRC)represents one of the most frequent malignancies in terms of incidence and mortality,thus representing the third leading cause of cancer death *** the last decade,few drugs have enriched the treatment landscape of metastatic CRC and have significantly affected *** other neoplasms,metastatic CRC patients who have exhausted treatment options often still maintain a good performance *** are many challenges to increasing potential treatment options,notably a better understanding of disease biology and the mechanisms of resistance underlying cancer treatment *** development of new drugs for metastatic CRC certainly represents one of the most important challenges in medical *** article discusses the main limitations in the development of new drugs and potential future *** particular,we addressed three questions:(1)The main limitations of targeted therapy in the treatment of metastatic CRC(mCRC);(2)New target armamentarium that could escape primary and secondary resistance and lead to more personalized mCRC therapy;and(3)Future directions.

关键词： Colon cancer Colon rectal cancer New drugs Drug resistance Metastatic colorectal cancer

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Detection and management of oligometastatic disease in oesophageal cancer and identification of prognostic factors: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第9期11卷 741-749页

作者： sara Jamel Karina Tukanova Sheraz Markar Department Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London

BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer *** prognosis of oesophageal cancer patients still remains *** 5-year survival rate rarely exceeds 5%in case of metastatic *** patients may however present with oligometastasis which can be treated with loco-regional *** To assess the current practice regarding the management of patients with oligometastatic oesophageal cancer and identify prognostic factors affecting survival following treatment for *** A systematic search of the literature was performed in Cochrance Library,MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from September 1950 to January *** electronic databases were searched for studies assessing the clinical outcome of *** A total of 14 publications were included,of which 12 studies assessing metachronous oligometastasis and 2 on synchronous *** included articles evaluated the specific outcomes of metastasis,management modality and survival *** majority of the patients presented with oesophageal squamous cell *** median disease free interval(time to recurrence)in patients was 19.6 mo and the overall survival reached 30.8 *** prognostic factors were assessed in eight studies and included time to recurrence20 mm),disease free interval(DFI)<12 mo,extra-pulmonary metastasis,primary tumour pathological stage III/*** Oligometastatic oesophageal cancer in selected patients is amenable to locoregional treatment,and the overall survival of this patient cohort may be improved with patient and tumour-specific treatments.

关键词： Oligometastasis Oesophageal cancer Neoplasm Liver Pulmonary

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