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Quantifying relations between altered hydrology and fish community responses for streams in Minnesota

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 536-560页

作者： Jeffrey R.Ziegeweid Gregory D.Johnson Aliesha L.Krall Kara Fitzpatrick sara b.Levin U.S.Geological Survey California Water Science Center6000 J StPlacer HallSacramentoCA 85819USA U.S.Geological Survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center2280 Woodale DrMounds ViewMN 55112USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette RdSt.PaulMN 55155USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 7678 College RoadSuite 105BaxterMN 56425USA

background:Altered hydrology is a stressor on aquatic life,but quantitative relations between specific aspects of streamflow alteration and biological responses have not been developed on a statewide scale in *** sub-sets regression analysis was used to develop linear regression models that quantify relations among five categories of hydrologic metrics(i.e.,duration,frequency,magnitude,rate-of-change,and timing)computed from streamgage records and six categories of biological metrics(i.e.,composition,habitat,life history,reproductive,tolerance,trophic)computed from fish-community samples,as well as fish-based indices of biotic integrity(FIbI)scores and FIbI scores normalized to an impairment threshold of the corresponding stream class(FIbI_bCG4).Relations between hydrology and fish community responses were examined using three hydrologic datasets that represented periods of record,long-term changes,and short-term changes to flow regimes in streams of ***:Regression models demonstrated significant relations between hydrologic explanatory metrics and fish-based biological response metrics,and the five regression models with the strongest linear relations explained over 70%of the variability in the biological metric using three hydrologic metrics as explanatory ***-based biological metrics demonstrated the strongest linear relations to hydrologic *** most commonly used hydrologic metrics were related to bankfull flows and aspects of flow ***:Final regression models represent paired streamgage records and biological samples throughout the State of Minnesota and encompass differences in stream orders,hydrologic landscape units,and watershed *** methods can support evaluations of stream fish communities and facilitate targeted efforts to improve the health of fish *** also can be applied to locations outside of Minnesota with continuous streamgage data and fish-community sampl

关键词： EflowStats best subset regression Altered hydrology Fish community Indices of biotic integrity Ecological flows

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Solid lipid nanoparticles for nose to brain delivery of haloperidol:in vitro drug release and pharmacokinetics evaluation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2014年第6期4卷 454-463页

作者： Mohd Yasir Udai Vir Singh sara Department of Pharmacy Uttarakhand Technical UniversityDehradun 248007UttarakhandIndia Department of Pharmaceutics ITS Pharmacy CollegeMuradnagarGhaziabad 201206Uttar PradeshIndia College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Raj Kumar Goel Institute of TechnologyGhaziabad 201201Uttar PradeshIndia

In the present study,haloperidol(HP)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs)were prepared to enhance the uptake of HP to brain via intranasal(i.n.)*** were prepared by a modified emulsification-diffusion technique and evaluated for particle size,zeta potential,drug entrapment efficiency,in vitro drug release,and *** parameters were found to be in an acceptable *** vitro drug release was found to be 94.1674.78%after 24 h and was fitted to the Higuchi model with a very high correlation coefficient(R2¼0.9941).Pharmacokinetics studies were performed on albino Wistar rats and the concentration of HP in brain and blood was measured by high performance liquid *** brain/blood ratio at 0.5 h for HP-SLNs i.n.,HP *** HP *** 1.61,0.17 and 0.031,respectively,indicating direct nose-to-brain transport,bypassing the blood-brain *** maximum concentration(Cmax)in brain achieved from *** of HP-SLNs(329.17720.89 ng/mL,Tmax 2 h)was significantly higher than that achieved after i.v.(76.9577.62 ng/mL,Tmax 1 h),and i.n.(90.1376.28 ng/mL,Tmax 2 h)administration of HP *** highest drug-targeting efficiency(2362.43%)and direct transport percentage(95.77%)was found with HP-SLNs as compared to the other *** DTE(%)and DTP(%)suggest that HP-SLNs have better brain targeting efficiency as compared to other formulations.

关键词： brain targeting Haloperidol Intranasal route Pharmacokinetics Solid lipid nanoparticles

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Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling cascade as a regulator of the inflammation network during alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16443-16451页

作者： sara Ceccarelli Valerio Nobili Anna Alisi Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit and Liver Research Unit Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS

Chronic abuse of alcohol leads to various histological abnormalities in the liver. These are conditions collectively known as alcoholic liver disease(ALD). Currently, ALD is considered to be one of the major causes of death worldwide. An impaired intestinal barrier with related endotoxemia is among the various pathogenetic factors. This is mainly characterized by circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS), considered critical for the onset of intra-hepatic inflammation. This in turn promotes hepatocellular damage and fibrosis in ALD. Elevated levels of LPS exert their effects by binding to Toll-like receptors(TLRs) which are expressed by all liver-resident cells. The activation of TLR signaling triggers an overproduction and release of some cytokines, which promote an autocatalytic cascade of other proinflammatory signals. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms that sustain LPS-mediated activation of TLR signaling, reporting current experimental and clinical evidence of its role during inflammation in ALD.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Toll-like receptors Inflammation Cirrhosis Nuclear factor-ba b Cytokines

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Production and evaluation of novel functional extruded corn snacks fortified with ginger,bay leaves and turmeric powder

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 41-57页

作者： sara Adel Amer Ayat Ebrahim Rizk Special Food and Nutrition Research Department Food Technology Research Institute.Agricultural Research Center9 Gamaa StreetGizaEgypt

Extruded corn snacks are accepted by all human ages especially children, but they have low functional value. Therefore, corn extruded snacks contain rich nutraceuticals dried herbs including Laurus nobilis (T1), Curcuma longa (T2), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (T3), and the mixture of these herbs (T4) were manufactured and analyzed. The results declared that all the herbal extruded corn snacks had significantly higher ash, fibers, minerals, and vitamins A and b6. For minerals, the highest percent of increase compared to control was achieved by Fe, K, Ca, Zn content in order, being the highest in T4. The contents of Vitamin A and b6 were ranged from 283 to 445 IU/100 g and from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/100 g for the herbal extrudates, respectively. The increased percent in herbal corn snacks relative to control ranged from 743 to 452%, 188 to 17.6%, and from 313 to 99% for total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. besides, the highest number of phenolic compounds was recorded in T4. Despite the fact that approximately all herbal extruded products had good texture and color characteristics, the best formulation was T2 and T4 corn snacks. Furthermore, the extruded products were microbiologically safe for up to 9 months. The formulation of herbal-corn snacks could fulfill consumers’ requirement for ready-to-eat-healthy foods with acceptable sensory attributes and also economically suitable for the food industry.

关键词： Ginger Laurel Turmeric Extrusion Corn snacks functional foods

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Correlates of long-term physical activity adherence in women

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第4期6卷 434-442页

作者： Haichun Sun Cheryl A. Vamos sara S.b. Flory Rita Debate Erika L. Thompson Jennifer bleck Department of Teaching and Learning College of Education University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA Department of Community and Family Health College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa FL 33612 USA

background: Little is known about the factors that may influence women's adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) using longitudinal data. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of long-term physical activity(PA) participation among ***: Female data from Waves I, III, and IV(n = 5381) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health) were used for the analysis. The outcome of PA adherence was operationalized as(1) consistently physically active(at least 5 instances during the week)in both Waves III and IV(during adulthood), and(2) consistently not physically active or only physically active in either Wave III or IV. Predictor variables from Wave I(during adolescence) included race/ethnicity, PA level, self-perception of being physically fit, general health status, attempt to change weight, parents' income level, parents' education, well-being, depression, access to PA resources, days of physical education(PE), and grade level. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the adjusted odds ratio(a OR) and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) for the outcome ***: PA levels during adolescence significantly predicted PA adherence(a OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.35–2.05). Additionally, wanting to lose weight(a OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.20–1.85), using fitness center in the neighborhood(a OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.05–1.58), and having 5 days of PE a week(a OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.09–2.02) were significant predictors. Women who did not perceive being physically fit(a OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.44–0.95)and black, non-Hispanics(a OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44–0.82) were less likely to adhere to ***: The findings suggested that physically active adolescents were more likely to become active adults. Future research should address interventions(e.g., PE program, community resources) that may promote lifetime PA in women, with the goal of decreasing morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Females Longitudinal Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Social ecological frameworks

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A study on monoterpenoid-based natural deep eutectic solvents

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Green Chemical Engineering 2023年第1期4卷 99-114页

作者： sara Rozas Lorena Zamora Cristina benito Mert Atilhan Santiago Aparicio Department of Chemistry University of BurgosBurgos09001Spain Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI49008-5462USA

Herein,the synthesis and characterization methods of natural deep eutectic solvents based on monoterpenoids have been *** viscous fluids with suitable physicochemical properties are *** materials are non-toxic,biodegradable,and ***,they can be used to develop sustainable solvents for various processes and can find their applications in various fields.A theoretical study based on quantum chemistry and classical molecular dynamics is used for the nanoscopic characterization of structure,dynamics,and hydrogen *** reported results help analyze the properties of this new family of *** required information for developing structure–property relationships for proper solvent design to form a sustainable chemistry framework is obtained.

关键词： Natural deep eutectic solvents Terpenes DFT MD COSMO-RS CO_(2)solubility

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Retail E-Commerce Market Analysis based on Consumer,Government and Industry Levels:A Case of Kazakhstan

Retail E-Commerce Market Analysis Based on Consumer,Governme...

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作者： sara Nurzhanova 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

While electronic commerce is not a new phenomenon in many countries and has developed quite aggressively reaching its maturity in the markets such as the USA or China,it is still emerging and rising in some developing countries such as ***,retail e-commerce in Kazakhstan is growing rapidly attracting the attention of possible *** such,there is a need for a comprehensive study about the business-to-consumers（b2C）retail ecommerce in the region as there is a lack of comprehensive academic research in this *** study investigates Kazakhstani retail e-commerce focused on three key *** three aspects are factors influencing consumer e-commerce adoption,the role of government in e-commerce development as well as overall retail e-commerce industry *** on a review of the literature,an online questionnaire about consumer adoption factors was distributed among consumers and non-consumers of online *** a result,205 respondents participated in the *** analysis of survey findings shows that Perceived Usefulness（PU）and Delivery Time and Fee（DTF）are the two factors among the six（Perceived Usefulness（PU）,Perceived Ease of Use（PEOU）,Perceived Risk（PR）,Economic benefit（Eb）,Customer Service（CS）,and Delivery Time and Fee（DTF））mattering in consumer e-commerce ***,Perceived Usefulness（PU）has a positive relationship with consumer e-commerce adoption in terms of monthly shopping frequency,Delivery Time and Fee（DTF）is negatively related to the dependent *** detect the government role in retail e-commerce development,a semistructured interview was *** interview participants were middle and senior positioned professionals in e-commerce giant firms and *** the five selected success factors,the Kazakhstani government is found to play a significant role in fostering e-commerce through the three determinants: e-commerce infrastructure,awareness and literacy,and business ***

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Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第4期23卷 563-572页

作者： Federica Cavalcoli Alessandra Zilli Dario Conte sara Massironi Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversitàdegli Studi di Milano

Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach’s secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin b12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.

关键词： Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis Nutritional deficiency Vitamin b12 Iron Vitamin C Vitamin D Calcium Malabsorption

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Simultaneous effects of magnetic field and space porosity on compressible Maxwell fluid transport induced by a surface acoustic wave in a microchannel

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Chinese Physics b 2013年第12期22卷 323-332页

作者： Khaled S.Mekheimer Soliman R.Komy sara I.Abdelsalam Mathematics & Statistics Department Faculty of Science Taif University Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science (Men) Al-Azhar University Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Helwan University basic Science Department Faculty of Engineering The British University in Egypt

Peristaltic motion induced by a surface acoustic wave of a viscous, compressible and electrically conducting Maxwell fluid in a confined parallel-plane microchannel through a porous medium is investigated in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The slip velocity is considered and the problem is discussed only for the free pumping case. A perturbation technique is employed to analyze the problem in terms of a small amplitude ratio. The phenomenon of a “backward flow” is found to exist in the center and at the boundaries of the channel. In the second order approximation, the net axial velocity is calculated for various values of the fluid parameters. Finally, the effects of the parameters of interest on the mean axial velocity, the reversal flow, and the perturbation function are discussed and shown graphically. We find that in the non-Newtonian regime, there is a possibility of a fluid flow in the direction opposite to the propagation of the traveling wave. This work is the most general model of peristalsis created to date with wide-ranging applications in biological, geophysical and industrial fluid dynamics.

关键词： peristaltic flow Maxwell fluid porous medium slip flow microchannel

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Couple stress fluid flow in a rotating channel with peristalsis

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第2期30卷 307-316页

作者： Y.Abd elmaboud sara I.Abdelsalam Kh.S.Mekheimer Mathematics Department Faculty of Science and Arts Khulais University Of Jeddah Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch) Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaRiverside USA basic Science Department Faculty of Engineering The British University in Egypt Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University

This article describes a new model for obtaining closed-form semi-analytical solutions of peristaltic flow induced by sinusoidal wave trains propagating with constant speed on the walls of a two-dimensional rotating infinite channel. The channel rotates with a constant angular speed about the z-axis and is filled with couple stress fluid. The governing equations of the channel deformation and the flow rate inside the channel are derived using the lubrication theory approach. The resulting equations are solved, using the homotopy perturbation method（HPM）, for exact solutions to the longitudinal velocity distribution, pressure gradient, flow rate due to secondary velocity, and pressure rise per wavelength. The effect of various values of physical parameters, such as, Taylor＇s number and couple stress parameter, together with some interesting features of peristaltic flow are discussed through graphs. The trapping phenomenon is investigated for different values of parameters under consideration. It is shown that Taylor＇s number and the couple stress parameter have an increasing effect on the longitudinal velocity distribution till half of the channel, on the flow rate due to secondary velocity, and on the number of closed streamlines circulating the bolus.

关键词： Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) couple stress fluid rotating channel peristaltic transport

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