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Surface area-volume ratios in insects

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 829-841页

作者： sara Kuhsel Adrian Bruckner Sebastian Schmelzle Michael Heethoff Nico Bluthgen Department of Biology Technische Universitat Darmstadt Schnittspahnstrasse 3 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany

Body mass, volume and surface area are important for many aspects of the physiology and performance of species. Whereas body mass scaling received a lot of attention in the literature, surface areas of animals have not been measured explicitly in this context. We quantified surface area-volume （SA/V） ratios for the first time using 3D surface models based on a structured light scanning method for 126 species of pollinating insects from 4 orders （Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera）. Water loss of 67 species was measured gravimetrically at very dry conditions for 2 h at 15 and 30 ℃ to demonstrate the applicability of the new 3D surface measurements and relevance for predicting the performance of insects. Quantified SA/V ratios significantly explained the variation in water loss across species, both directly or after accounting for isometric scaling （residuals of the SA/V - mass2/3 relationship）. Small insects with a proportionally larger surface area had the highest water loss rates. Surface scans of insects to quantify allometric SA/Vratios thus provide a promising method to predict physiological responses, improving the potential of body mass isometry alone that assume geometric similarity.

关键词： body size body shape 3D surface imaging sphericity structured light water loss

Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第4期23卷 563-572页

作者： Federica Cavalcoli Alessandra Zilli Dario Conte sara Massironi Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversitàdegli Studi di Milano

Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach’s secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.

关键词： Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis Nutritional deficiency Vitamin B12 Iron Vitamin C Vitamin D Calcium Malabsorption

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Retail E-Commerce Market Analysis Based on Consumer,Government and Industry Levels:A Case of Kazakhstan

作者： sara Gilbert

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Retail E-Commerce Market Analysis Based on Consumer,Governme...

作者： sara Nurzhanova 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

While electronic commerce is not a new phenomenon in many countries and has developed quite aggressively reaching its maturity in the markets such as the USA or China,it is still emerging and rising in some developing countries such as ***,retail e-commerce in Kazakhstan is growing rapidly attracting the attention of possible *** such,there is a need for a comprehensive study about the business-to-consumers（B2C）retail ecommerce in the region as there is a lack of comprehensive academic research in this *** study investigates Kazakhstani retail e-commerce focused on three key *** three aspects are factors influencing consumer e-commerce adoption,the role of government in e-commerce development as well as overall retail e-commerce industry *** on a review of the literature,an online questionnaire about consumer adoption factors was distributed among consumers and non-consumers of online *** a result,205 respondents participated in the *** analysis of survey findings shows that Perceived Usefulness（PU）and Delivery Time and Fee（DTF）are the two factors among the six（Perceived Usefulness（PU）,Perceived Ease of Use（PEOU）,Perceived Risk（PR）,Economic Benefit（EB）,Customer Service（CS）,and Delivery Time and Fee（DTF））mattering in consumer e-commerce ***,Perceived Usefulness（PU）has a positive relationship with consumer e-commerce adoption in terms of monthly shopping frequency,Delivery Time and Fee（DTF）is negatively related to the dependent *** detect the government role in retail e-commerce development,a semistructured interview was *** interview participants were middle and senior positioned professionals in e-commerce giant firms and *** the five selected success factors,the Kazakhstani government is found to play a significant role in fostering e-commerce through the three determinants: e-commerce infrastructure,awareness and literacy,and business ***

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A screen for bacterial endosymbionts in the model organisms Tribolium castaneum, T. confusum, Callosobruchus maculatus, and related species

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Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 165-177页

作者： sara L. Goodacre Claudia Fricke Oliver Y. Martin School of Biology University of Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH United Kingdom Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity University of Muenster Muenster D-48 149 Germany ETH ZOrich Experimental Ecology Institute for IntegrativeBiology D-USYS CH-8092 ZOrich Switzerland

Reproductive parasites such as Wolbachia are extremely widespread amongst the arthropods and can have a large influence over the reproduction and fitness of their hosts. Undetected infections could thus confound the results of a wide range of studies that focus on aspects of host behavior, reproduction, fitness, and degrees of reproductive isolation. This potential problem has already been underlined by work investigating the in- cidence of Wolbachia infections in stocks of the model system Drosophila melanogaster. Here we survey a range of lab stocks of further commonly used model arthropods, fo- cusing especially on the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum, the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus and related species （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae and Bruchidae）. These species are widespread stored product pests so knowledge of infec- tions with symbionts further has potential use in informing biocontrol measures. Beetles were assessed for infection with 3 known microbial reproductive parasites： Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma. Infections with some of these microbes were found in some of the lab stocks studied, although overall infections were relatively rare. The consequences of finding infections in these or other species and the type of previous studies likely to be affected most are discussed.

关键词： Coleoptera reproductive isolation reproductive parasite sexual conflict sexual selection Wolbachia

MXene terminating groups=O,–F or–OH,–F or=O,–OH,–F,or=O,–OH,–Cl?

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第1期76卷 90-104,I0003页

作者： Tariq Bashir sara Adeeba Ismail Jiaqi Wang Wenhao Zhu Jianqing Zhao Lijun Gao College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006JiangsuChina

MXenes are a novel family of two-dimensional(2D)materials that are fast gaining popularity due to their versatile *** surfaces of these materials are often functionalized by negatively charged terminal groups,such as=O,OH,and F during their synthesis,and it has been hypothesized that regulating the surface terminators enables to control the material ***,there is still a large gap between computational and experimental investigations regarding comprehending the surface functional *** with mixed terminations are consistently synthesized in experiments,although pure terminated surfaces are predicted by computational *** we summarized the nature of chemical bonding in transition metal carbide materials(MXenes)by1H and19F nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),Raman,X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES),extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)/scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry(TGA-MS)*** literature reveals that=O,–OH,–F,and–Cl are typical MXene surface ***,recent comparative investigations on the valence band intensity distribution in MXenes reveal that the–OH cannot be considered an intrinsic termination species in *** surface terminals(=O,–OH,–F,and–Cl)of several MXenes,particularly V2CTxand Ti3C2Tx,will be identified and quantified *** have also discussed different etching approaches for the synthesis of MXene,the dependence of MXene conductivity on MXene terminating groups,and the emission of various gaseous products that evolved during its chemical *** paper provides significance,especially in the field of energy conversion and storage materials,where the intercalation process is crucial.

关键词： MXene surface terminating groups Characterization Conductivity Oxidation

The role of structural inheritance in continental break-up and exhumation of Alpine Tethyan mantle(Canavese Zone,Western Alps)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 167-188页

作者： Andrea Festa Gianni Balestro Alessandro Borghi sara De Caroli Andrea Succo Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Universitàdi TorinoTorinoItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della SostenibilitàAmbientaleUniversitàdi ParmaParmaItaly

The Canavese Zone(CZ)in the Western Alps represents the remnant of the distal passive margin of the Adria microplate,which was stretched and thinned during the Jurassic opening of the Alpine *** detailed geological mapping,stratigraphic and structural analyses,we document that the continental break-up of Pangea and tectonic dismemberment of the Adria distal margin,up to mantle rocks exhumation and oceanization,did not simply result from the syn-rift Jurassic extension but was strongly favored by older structu ral inheritances(the Proto-Canavese Shear Zone),which controlled earlier lithospheric *** findings allowed to redefine in detail(i)the tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Variscan metamorphic basement and the Late Carbonife rous to Early Cretaceous CZ succession,(ii)the role played by inherited Late Carboniferous to Early Triassic structures and(iii)the significance of the CZ in the geodynamic evolution of the Alpine *** large amount of extensional displacement and crustal thinning occurred during different pulses of Late Carbonife rous-Early Triassic strike-slip tectonics is wellconsistent with the role played by long-lived regional-scale wrench faults(e.g.,the East-Variscan Shear Zone),suggesting a re-discussion of models of mantle exhumation driven by low-angle detachment faults as unique efficient mechanism in stretching and thinning continental crust.

关键词： Alpine Tethys Western Alps Jurassic ophiolite Structural inheritance Continental break-up Mantle exhumation

Energy analysis of a wood or pellet stove in a single-family house equipped with gas boiler and radiators

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Building Simulation 2022年第9期15卷 1577-1593页

作者： Marco Marigo Fabio Zulli sara Bordignon Laura Carnieletto Giuseppe Emmi Michele De Carli Department of Industrial Engineering-Applied Physics Section University of PadovaVia Venezia 1-35131PadovaItaly

In the residential sector,biomass appliances are widely used for space heating and often combined with other *** work aims at comparing the final and primary energy consumption of different configurations,including a conventional and a ducted pellet stove and a wood log stove using air as heat transfer fluid.A dynamic analysis of the interaction between biomass stoves and conventional heating systems,such as gas boilers and radiators,is carried out within a typical single-family house in a mild climate,using TRNSYS *** addition,natural ventilation of the building is considered using CONTAM,with a focus on external infiltrations and internal air circulation due to the buoyancy *** show that the biomass device in one room promotes the airflows between adjacent thermal zones,enhancing the heat distribution through door openings,in particular when an air ducted stove is *** final energy consumption resulting from simulations with wood-burning stoves is 21%higher than pellet *** pellet stove results in similar final energy and a 30%increase in overall primary energy,while the wood stove increases the final energy by 22%and approximately 40%of overall primary energy compared to the case of a traditional gas system coupled to radiators which is considered as ***,non-renewable primary energy savings are higher than 50%with pellet stoves and 60%with wood-log stoves.

关键词： energy model pellet stove wood log stove biomass CONTAM TRNSYS

An Innovative MCDM Approach to Offshore Wind Potential Analysis ——Examples in Southeast Asia

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An Innovative MCDM Approach to Offshore Wind Potential Analy...

作者： sara Cudemo 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

Among the different forms of renewable energy,wind offshore is definitely one of the most *** to the International Energy Agency,wind offshore alone would be able to satisfy the whole world's electricity ***,whereas academic and business resources can be found in Europe,China and North America,almost no information is available for other Asian *** fill this void,secondary and primary research was conducted on three selected countries,namely India,Vietnam and the Philippines,to assess their market *** insinuate that,from the perspective of an international investor,Vietnam can be considered the most attractive *** and the Philippines fall quite behind,but strong development can be expected in the coming ***,it appears that the point of view of the stakeholder involved in the analysis can influence the final outcome of the *** study proposes a new theoretical framework for the analysis of developing markets,as well as offering an up to date database on the offshore wind industry in India,Vietnam and the Philippines.

关键词： renewable energy offshore wind Analytic Hierarchy Process Vietnam India the Philippines international investors