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Diseases of the Respiratory Tract: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2022年第3期6卷 236-250页

作者： sara m tony mohamed EA Abdelrahim Beni-Suef Specialized Hospital Beni-Sueft Egypt Clinical Pharmacy Department Faculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef University Beni-SuefEgypt

Short acting β2-agonists(SABAs)such as salbutamol and terbutaline are commonly used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).According to the guideline produced by the British Thoracic Society(BTS)and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN),SABAs are considered to be the first line of treatment in asthma *** National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE)guidelines also recommend the use of SABA as the first line of treatment for managing patients with *** recommendations in NICE guidelines state that in COPD patients,breathlessness and exercise limitation should be first medicated with short-acting bronchodilators(including β2-agonists or anticholinergics)when it is *** salbutamol and terbutaline have been widely used for asthma and COPD,and they have been found to be extremely beneficial in the two pathologic conditions.

关键词： Respiratory tract Asthma COPD

Inhalation Devices and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2022年第3期6卷 54-72页

作者： sara m tony mohamed EA Abdelrahim Beni-Suef Specialized Hospital Beni-Suef Egypt Clinical Pharmacy Department Faculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef University Beni-SuefEgypt

Inhaled drug delivery is mainly used to treat pulmonary airway disorders by transporting the drug directly to its targeted location for *** decreases the dose required to exert a therapeutic effect and minimizes any potential adverse *** drug delivery to air passages facilitates a faster onset of action;it also minimizes irritation to the stomach,which frequently occurs with oral medications,and prevents the exposure of drugs to pre-systemic metabolism that takes place in the intestine and *** addition to that,the lung is regarded as a route for transporting medications throughout the entire body's blood *** type of medication and the device used to deliver it are both important elements in carrying the drug to its target in the *** types of inhalation methods are used in inhaled *** differ in the dose delivered,inhalation technique,and other *** paper will discuss these factors in more detail.

关键词： Pulmonary drug delivery pmDI,DPI Nebulizer

Respiratory Tract, Ventilation, and Pulmonary Functions Tests

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2022年第3期6卷 209-215页

作者： sara m tony mohamed EA Abdelrahim Beni-Suef Specialized Hospital Beni-Sueft Egypt Clinical Pharmacy Department Faculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef University Beni-SuefEgypt

Breathing is considered the common factor that links studying,sleeping,and *** is one of the primary indicators that is frequently considered when determining whether or not an unconscious individual is still *** evolution and development process of the respiratory system that occurs in a foetus is primarily from head to tail(cephalocaudal).many changes occur throughout this period until the 28th week of pregnancy at which the foetus^respiratory system will attain adequate development for the rest of his or her *** respiratory system comprises of the lungs and the encompassing thoracic wall,which includes the thoracic cages,midriff(diaphragm),and the abdominal *** is a procedure used for estimating air volumes that enter and exit the pulmonary system with the aid of a *** various pulmonary parameters that reflect pulmonary ventilation are of great significance in diagnosing respiratory *** respiratory system will be discussed in more detail in this article.

关键词： Respiratory tract Ventilation Pulmonary functions tests

Overview of Spirometry and the Use of Its Parameters for Asthma monitoring in Children

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2022年第3期6卷 89-103页

作者： sara m tony mona A Abdelrahman mogeda Abd Elsalam mahmoud Sameer Shafik mohamed EA Abdelrahim Beni-Suef Specialized Hospital Beni-Sueft Egypt Clinical Pharmacy Department Faculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef University Beni-SuefEgypt Beni-Suef School Health Insurance Clinics Beni-SuefEgypt Pediatrics Department Faculty of MedicineBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-SuefEgypt

Asthma is the most common chronic pulmonary disease in the world,affecting more than three hundred million people from different races and age *** asthma is considered one of the main causes of increased healthcare expenditures,particularly in developing *** is the most essential and commonly used lung function *** is used mainly for the evaluation of lung function to obtain reliable data used for the detection of lung diseases,such as asthma,as well as for monitoring lung *** two spirometry parameters,peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR)and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),are effective in the diagnosis and management of patients with ***,FEV1 is preferred as it is a more accurate parameter compared to PEFR for the evaluation and recognition of *** children with asthma,the most commonly used lung function parameter for asthma monitoring is *** was discovered that a decrease in FEV1 is associated with an increase in asthma severity.

关键词： Spirometry Asthma Children

Addition of Inhalation Training Devices and Smartphone Application to Verbal Counseling for Asthmatic Patients

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2022年第2期6卷 76-79页

作者： Rania AA mahmoud sara m tony marian S Boshra mona A Abdelrahman Haitham Saeed Hasnaa Osama marwa O Elgendy mohamed EA Abdelrahim Clinical Pharmacy Department Faculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-SuefEgypt Beni-Suef Specialized Hospital Beni-SuefEgypt Technical Office of Deputy minister of Health in Beni-Suif Directorate of Health Affairs Beni-SuefEgypt Department of Clinical Pharmacy Teaching Hospital of Faculty of MedicineFaculty of MedicineBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-SuefEgypt Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyNahda University(NUB)Egypt

Background:One of the main issues with pressurized metered dose inhalers(pmDI)is that some patients find it difficult to use it ***:This study was carried out to compare the effect of traditional verbal counseling and that of adding an inhalation training device,such as Flo-Tone or Clip-Tone,along with a smartphone application on the incidence of inhalation technique mistakes and the pulmonary function of asthmatic adults and ***:The lung function of those in the advanced counseling group significantly improved on the second visit(pmproved on the third visit(pmean number of mistakes in regard to the steps in inhalation technique decreased significantly(pmartphone applications in addition to traditional verbal counseling for teaching asthmatic adults and children the correct inhalation technique steps using pmDI resulted in a significant improvement in pulmonary function and a significant reduction in the number of inhalation technique mistakes,compared to traditional verbal counseling alone.

关键词： Flo-Tone Clip-Tone Counseling Asthma in adults and children Inhalation technique mDI,FEV1 PEF Smartphone application

Application of three-dimensional culture systems to study mammalian spermatogenesis, with an emphasis on the rhesus monkey （macaca mulatta）

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 972-980,I0009页

作者： mahmoud Huleihel Seyedmehdi Nourashrafeddin tony m Plant The Shraga Segal Department of microbiology Immunology and Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel Department of Obsteirics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Univeisity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Magee-Womens Research InstitutePittsburgh PA 15213 USA

In vitro culture of spermatogonial stem cells （SSCs） has generally been performed using two-dimensional （2D） culture systems; however, such cultures have not led to the development of complete spermatogenesis. It seems that 2D systems do not replicate optimal conditions of the seminiferous tubules （including those generated by the SSC niche） and necessary for spermatogenesis. Recently, one of our laboratories has been able to induce proliferation and differentiation of mouse testicular germ cells to meiotic and postmeiotic stages including generation of sperm in a 3D soft agar culture system （SACS） and a 3D methylcellulose culture system （mCS）. It was suggested that SACS and mCS form a special 3D microenvironment that mimics germ cell niche formation in the seminiferous tubules, and thus permits mouse spermatogenesis in vitro. In this review, we （1） provide a brief overview of the differences in spermatogenesis in rodents and primates, （2） summarize data related to attempts to generate sperm in vitro, （3） report for the first time formation of colonies/clusters of cells and differentiation of meiotic （expression of CREm-1） and postmeiotic （expression of acrosin） germ cells from undifferentiated spermatogonia isolated from the testis of prepubertal rhesus monkeys and cultured in SACS and mCS, and （4） indicate research needed to optimize 3D systems for in vitro primate spermatogenesis and for possible future application to man.

关键词： in vitrospermatogenesis methylcellulose culture system monkey primates soft agar culture system three-dimensional culture system

Reducing Value Chain Vulnerability to Terrorist Attacks

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化工进展 2005年第6期24卷 697-702页

作者： A.m.(tony) Downes FmC Corporation Princeton NJ 08543

Like most U.S. chemical companies, you probably know where your security-sensitive inventories are located within your sites and have assured yourself that you have taken reasonable precautions to reduce the risk of their being used in a terrorist attack. What about when you ship them? How secure are the various parts of your value chain-offsite storage and transportation of your products, raw materials, intermediates, and wastes, and processing of ordering and invoicing transactions? Value chain security focuses on tampering and misuse of materials handled outside the plant *** FmC, we took a three-stage approach to identifying and dealing with potential security issues posed by materials in transit. Stage 1 was a quick review to determine which of our products, intermediates, or raw materials might be potentially useful to terrorists. In Stage 2 we looked for specific security-emergency scenarios that might involve those chemicals, estimated the risk of those scenarios, and made recommendations to reduce the vulnerability to terrorist attack. In Stage 3 we are implementing the plans we ***’s approach has successfully focused our efforts and used familiar techniques to break down complex Value Chains into manageable sections and then to identify the possible scenarios and (relative) risks at each section. We were able to do this with minimal travel *** paper describes the general organization of FmC’s value chain security efforts and our analysis technique, and discusses lessons (including a few surprises) that we have learned from the analyses. 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 24: 6-11, 20051. ORGANIZATION (FORmAL AND INFORmAL) OF SECURITY ACTIVITIESShortly after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, FmC Corporation formed a Transportation Secu-

关键词：化工企业安全管理安全生产价值链

Occurrence data may provide unreliable thermal preferences and breadth of species

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 972-982页

作者： sara VILLEN-PEREZ Luis m. CARRASCAL Department of Biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural Sciences MNCN-CSIC. C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 28006 Madrid Spain.

Accurate information on the thermal preference and specialization of species is needed to understand and predict spe- cies geographical range size and vulnerability to climate change. Here we estimate the position and breadth of species within thermal gradients based on the shape of the response curve of species abundance to temperature. The objective of the study is to compare the measurements of this approach based on abundance data with those of the classical approach using species＇ occur- rence data. The relationship between species＇ relative abundance and minimum winter temperature of 106 bird species wintering in the Iberian Peninsula is modeled at 100 Km2 resolution with quadratic logistic regressions. From these models we calculated the preferred temperature of species as the temperature at which the abundance is maximized, and the thermal breadth of species as the relative area under the temperature-abundance curve. We also estimated the thermal preferences and breadth of species as the average temperature and temperature range of the UTm cells in which the species are present. The abundance-temperature response curves reveal that birds prefer higher temperatures to overwinter, and are more thermally selective, than is measured by the classical approach. moreover, response curves detect a higher inter-specific variability in both thermal preferences and ther- mal breadth of species. As occurrence data gives the same weight to cells with one or many individuals, the average temperature of the cells in which the species is present roughly reflects the average temperature in the region of study and not the environ- mental preferences of species .

关键词： Abundance-temperature response curve Birds Species occurrence Thermal breadth Thermal preferences Winter

A Lightweight Driver Drowsiness Detection System Using 3DCNN With LSTm

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第1期44卷 895-912页

作者： sara A.Alameen Areej m.Alhothali Department of Computer Science King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Today,fatalities,physical injuries,and significant economic losses occur due to car *** the leading causes of car accidents is drowsiness behind the wheel,which can affect any *** and sleepiness often have associated indicators that researchers can use to identify and promptly warn drowsy drivers to avoid potential *** paper proposes a spatiotemporal model for monitoring drowsiness visual indicators from *** model depends on integrating a 3D convolutional neural network(3D-CNN)and long short-term memory(LSTm).The 3DCNN-LSTm can analyze long sequences by applying the 3D-CNN to extract spatiotemporal features within adjacent *** learned features are then used as the input of the LSTm component for modeling high-level temporal *** addition,we investigate how the training of the proposed model can be affected by changing the position of the batch normalization(BN)layers in the 3D-CNN *** BN layer is examined in two different placement settings:before the non-linear activation function and after the non-linear activation *** study was conducted on two publicly available drowsy drivers datasets named 3mDAD and YawDD.3mDAD is mainly composed of two synchronized datasets recorded from the frontal and side views of the *** show that the position of the BN layers increases the convergence speed and reduces overfitting on one dataset but not the *** a result,the model achieves a test detection accuracy of 96%,93%,and 90%on YawDD,Side-3mDAD,and Front-3mDAD,respectively.

关键词： 3D-CNN deep learning driver drowsiness detection LSTm spatiotemporal features