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Seroprevalence Survey of HIV and Hepatitis B Virus and Behavioral characteristics among Heavy Truck Drivers along Port Sudan-Khartoum Highways

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 11-22页

作者： sara S. Osman Adam A. Mattar Omnia M. Hamid Faculty of Public Health Alzaiem Alazhari University Khartoum Sudan Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Medical Sciences & Technology Khartoum Sudan

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) and hepatitis B virus among heavy truck drivers and their assistants has been well documented globally in correlation with their behavioral characteristics. The present study aimed to screen for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and behavioral characteristics among heavy truck drivers in Port Sudan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 274 heavy truck drivers and their assistants who used the highway Port Sudan-Khartoum in Port Sudan city during 2019-2021. Data on behavioral characteristics and substance use habits were collected using a structured questionnaire, and an ELISA test was used to screen for HIV and HBV infections in the study participants. The chi-square test, odds ratio, and confidence intervals were used to find the association between behavioral characteristics and seropositive HIV/HBV. Of the 274 enrolled participants, the seroprevalence rates of HIV were 2.7% and HBV was 23.7%. Ninety-four (34.3%) of them had a history of high-risk sexual behavior outside of marriage;only two (0.7%) used condoms;14.2% of participants reported alcohol use;and 1.1% reported drug use. Univariate analysis revealed that having a sex history outside of marriage with ≥1 sex partner and never using a condom with a spouse or casual partner were significant risk factors for HIV and HBV among drivers. Fortunately, we found that most of the drivers reported low alcohol and drug use. Concerning this study, the seroprevalence of HIV and HBV is highly associated with a history of having sex outside of marriage and sexual behavior among truck drivers and assistances. Additional studies are needed to further investigate other STIs and behavioral characteristics associated with factors in truck drivers/assistance in different truck stop regions in Sudan.

关键词： Sexual Transmitted Infection Port Sudan Truck Drivers/Assistance

Parallel Image Processing: Taking Grayscale Conversion Using OpenMP as an Example

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第2期12卷 1-10页

作者： Bayan AlHumaidan Shahad Alghofaily Maitha Al Qhahtani sara Oudah Naya Nagy Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science & Information Technology Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia

In recent years, the widespread adoption of parallel computing, especially in multi-core processors and high-performance computing environments, ushered in a new era of efficiency and speed. This trend was particularly noteworthy in the field of image processing, which witnessed significant advancements. This parallel computing project explored the field of parallel image processing, with a focus on the grayscale conversion of colorful images. Our approach involved integrating OpenMP into our framework for parallelization to execute a critical image processing task: grayscale conversion. By using OpenMP, we strategically enhanced the overall performance of the conversion process by distributing the workload across multiple threads. The primary objectives of our project revolved around optimizing computation time and improving overall efficiency, particularly in the task of grayscale conversion of colorful images. Utilizing OpenMP for concurrent processing across multiple cores significantly reduced execution times through the effective distribution of tasks among these cores. The speedup values for various image sizes highlighted the efficacy of parallel processing, especially for large images. However, a detailed examination revealed a potential decline in parallelization efficiency with an increasing number of cores. This underscored the importance of a carefully optimized parallelization strategy, considering factors like load balancing and minimizing communication overhead. Despite challenges, the overall scalability and efficiency achieved with parallel image processing underscored OpenMP’s effectiveness in accelerating image manipulation tasks.

关键词： Parallel Computing Image Processing OpenMP Parallel Programming High Performance Computing GPU (Graphic Processing Unit)

Resilience to structural and molecular changes in excitatory synapses in the hippocampus contributes to cognitive function recovery in Tg2576 mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2068-2074页

作者： Carolina Aguado sara Badesso JoséMartínez-Hernández Alejandro Martín-Belmonte Rocío Alfaro-Ruiz Miriam Fernández Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez Mar Cuadrado-Tejedor Ana García-Osta Rafael Luján Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas(IDINE)Department of Medical SciencesFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioAlbaceteSpain Gene Therapy for Neurological Disease Program Center for Applied Medical Research(CIMA)University of NavarraInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra(IdiSNA)PamplonaSpain Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Neuropharmacology and Pain Group Neuroscience ProgramInstitut d’InvestigacióBiomèdica de BellvitgeIDIBELLL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain Department of Pathology Anatomy and PhysiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain UniversitéGrenoble Alpes Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesGrenobleFrance

Plaques of amyloid-β(Aβ)and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,some older adult people with AD pathological hallmarks can retain cognitive *** the factors that lead to this cognitive resilience to AD offers promising prospects for identifying new therapeutic *** hypothesis focuses on the contribution of resilience to changes in excitatory synapses at the structural and molecular levels,which may underlie healthy cognitive performance in aged AD *** the Morris Water Maze test,we selected resilient(asymptomatic)and cognitively impaired aged Tg2576 *** the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed similar levels of Aβ42 in both experimental groups,western blot analysis revealed differences in tau pathology in the pre-synaptic supernatant *** further investigate the density of synapses in the hippocampus of 16-18 month-old Tg2576 mice,we employed stereological and electron microscopic *** findings indicated a decrease in the density of excitatory synapses in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 in cognitively impaired Tg2576 mice compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic ***,through quantitative immunoelectron microscopy in the hippocampus of impaired and resilient Tg2576 transgenic AD mice,we uncovered differences in the subcellular localization of glutamate ***,the density of GluA1,GluA2/3,and mGlu5 in spines and dendritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal cells in impaired Tg2576 mice was significantly reduced compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic ***,the density of GluA2/3 in resilient Tg2576 mice was significantly increased in spines but not in dendritic shafts compared with impaired Tg2576 and non-transgenic *** subcellular findings strongly support the hypothesis that dendritic spine plasticity and synaptic machinery in the hippocampus play cr

关键词： aging Alzheimer´s disease cognitive hippocampus immunoelectron microscopy resilience synapse

Vulvar Swelling in a 12-Year-Old Girl: An Early Manifestation of Crohn’s Disease

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第7期13卷 219-226页

作者： Stefania Rendina Dolores Ferrara Rosanna Mamone sara Isoldi Massimo Zeccolini Francesco Esposito Department of Radiology Universit degli studi di Napoli Luigi Vanvitelli Naples Italy Department of Radiology A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon Children Hospital Naples Italy Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit Santobono-Pausilipon Childrens Hospital Naples Italy

Vulvar Crohn’s disease (VCD) is a rare complication of Crohn’s disease, especially in pediatric population. An early diagnosis can result difficult if the complication does not present in conjunction with the classic gastrointestinal symptoms that characterize this disease. In this study we present the case of a 12-year-old girl whose initial symptom of Crohn’s disease was a symptomatic vulvar swelling promoted by a rectovaginal fistula. We also provide an overview of Crohn’s disease and the vulvar changes found in the course of this disease.

关键词： Recto-Vaginal Fistula Vulvar Swelling Metastatic Crohn’s Disease

Rethinking neurodegenerative diseases:neurometabolic concept linking lipid oxidation to diseases in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1437-1445页

作者： Steinunn sara Helgudóttir Anne Skøttrup Mørkholt Jacek Lichota Preben Bruun-Nyzell Mads christian Andersen Nanna Marie Juhl Kristensen Amanda Krøger Johansen Mikela Reinholdt Zinn Hulda Maria Jensdóttir John Dirk Vestergaard Nieland 2N Pharma ApS NOVI Science ParkAalborgDenmark Molecular Pharmacology Group Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

Currently,there is a lack of effective medicines capable of halting or reve rsing the progression of neurodegenerative disorde rs,including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Parkinson s disease,multiple sclerosis,or Alzheimer s *** the unmet medical need,it is necessary to reevaluate the existing para digms of how to to rget these *** considering neurodegenerative diseases from a systemic neurometabolic perspective,it becomes possible to explain the shared pathological *** innovative approach presented in this paper draws upon exte nsive research conducted by the authors and researchers *** this review,we highlight the importance of metabolic mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of neurodegenerative *** provide an overview of the risk factors associated with developing neurodegenerative disorders,including genetic,epigenetic,and environmental fa ***,we examine pathological mechanisms implicated in these diseases such as oxidative stress,accumulation of misfolded proteins,inflammation,demyelination,death of neurons,insulin resistance,dysbiosis,and neurotransmitter ***,we outline a proposal for the restoration of mitochondrial metabolism,a crucial aspect that may hold the key to facilitating curative therapeutic interventions for neurodegenerative disorders in forthcoming advancements.

关键词： brain disease carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 epigenetics metabolism gut microbiome mitochondrial dysfunction neurodegeneration oxidative stress

Design of a Novel Robotic Fish Structure Utilizing PVC Gel Actuators

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2024年第3期14卷 57-72页

作者： Ruyhan Nazia Bibi sara Rahman Abdullah Al Hossain Newaz Abdul Kadir Nasir Uddin School of Mechanical Engineering Xian Jiaotong University Xian China School of Mechanical Engineering University of Bridgeport Bridgeport USA

In this research work, it has been designed a bionic robot fish structure, can swim underwater. The active compact body is powered by eight sets of symmetric PVC gel actuators with a caudal fin. The robot’s 200 mm-long, fish structure design incorporates a 55.52 angle to optimize the fish dynamics movement. It’s a fast and smooth operation and can swim. The robot can swim fast and quietly by using the right positions and the appropriate actuators on PVC gel actuators. This design entails a unique architecture that enables the robot to move safely and unobtrusively at the same time, which makes it suitable equipment for different exploration and surveillance missions in the water with speed and silent operation as the foremost concern.

关键词： Biomimetic Robotics Structural Design PVC Gel Actuators Swimming Mechanisms

Microbiome as an endocrine organ and its relationship with eye diseases:Effective factors and new targeted approaches

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2024年第5期15卷 1-18页

作者： Leila Haghshenas sara Banihashemi Yalda Malekzadegan Roberto Catanzaro Amir Moghadam Ahmadi Francesco Marotta Department of Clinical Bioinformatics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States Department of Bioscience School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trend UniversityNottingham NG14FQUnited KingdomDepartment of BioscienceSchool of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trend UniversityNottingham NG14FQUnited Kingdom Department of Microbiology Saveh University of Medical SciencesSaveh ***Iran Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of CataniaCatania 95123CataniaItaly Department of Neuroimmunology Thomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States Department of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences Texas Women UniversityMilano 20154Italy

Microbiome is an endocrine organ that refers to both the complicated biological system of microbial species that colonize our bodies and their genomes and *** studies confirm the connection between the microbiome and eye diseases,which are involved in the pathogenesis of eye diseases,including age-related macular disorders,diabetic retinopathy,glaucoma,retinitis pigmentosa,dry eye,and *** aim of this review is to investigate the microbiome in relation to eye ***,a brief introduction of the characteristics of the gut microorganisms terms of composition and work,the role of dysbiosis,the gut microbiome and the eye microbiome in the progression of eye illnesses are highlighted,then the relationship among the microbiome and the function of the immune system and eye diseases,the role of inflammation and aging and the immune system,It has been reviewed and finally,the control and treatment goals of microbiome and eye diseases,the role of food factors and supplements,biotherapy and antibiotics in relation to microbiome and eye health have been reviewed.

关键词： Dysbiosis Gut microbiome Eye diseases Inflammation Diabetic retinopatyhy Aging Nutrient supplementation

Identification of druggable host dependency factors shared by multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 9-23页

作者： Ilaria Frasson Linda Diamante Manuela Zangrossi Elena Carbognin Anna Dalla Pietà Alessandro Penna Antonio Rosato Ranieri Verin Filippo Torrigiani Cristiano Salata Marìa Paula Dizanzo Lorenzo Vaccaro Davide Cacchiarelli sara N.Richter Marco Montagner Graziano Martello Department of Molecular Medicine University of PaduaPadua 35121Italy Department of Biology Armenise/Harvard Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology LaboratoryUniversity of PaduaPadua 35131Italy Department of Surgery Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PaduaPadua 35128Italy Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS Padua 35128Italy Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of PaduaPadua 35020Italy Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine(TIGEM) Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsPozzuoli 80078Italy Department of Translational Medicine University of Naples Federico IINaples 80138Italy School for Advanced Studies Genomics and Experimental Medicine ProgramUniversity of Naples Federico IINaples 80138Italy Microbiology and Virology Unit Padua University HospitalPadua 35128Italy

The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of multiple variants,some of which are resistant to vaccines and drugs targeting viral *** host dependency factors,*** proteins required for viral replication,would help prevent the development of ***,it remains unclear whether different SARS-CoV-2 variants induce conserved cellular responses and exploit the same core host *** this end,we compared three variants of concern and found that the host transcriptional response was conserved,differing only in kinetics and *** regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats screening identified host genes required for each variant during *** of the genes were shared by multiple *** validated our hits with small molecules and repurposed the US Food and Drug Administration-approved *** the drugs were highly active against all the tested variants,including new variants that emerged during the study(Delta and Omicron).Mechanistically,we identified reactive oxygen species production as a key step in early viral *** such as N-acetyl cysteine(NAC)were effective against all the variants in both human lung cells and a humanized mouse *** study supports the use of available antioxidant drugs,such as NAC,as a general and effective anti-COVID-19 approach.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern host dependency factors antivirals N-acetyl cysteine

The Impact of Psychosocial Influences on chronic Wound Healing

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2024年第3期13卷 39-57页

作者： Kelly Frasier Vivian Li sara ch.istoforides Kathleen Daly Alexandra Loperfito Karina Stech Milena Dragovic Nuvance Health/Vassar Brothers Medical Center Poughkeepsie NY USA Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine New York NY USA Medical College of Georgia Augusta University Augusta GA USA Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Blacksburg VA USA Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Osteopathic Medicine California Health Sciences University Clovis CA USA

This comprehensive review explores the intricate dynamics between psychosocial factors and chronic wound healing processes, specifically focusing on prevalent conditions such as pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and venous leg ulcers. By examining the roles of psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this paper illuminates how these factors intricately influence wound healing dynamics, including mechanisms of pain perception and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of integrated biopsychosocial interventions, which encompass a holistic approach to wound care, thereby enhancing healing outcomes for dermatology patients. Future studies should focus on investigating the specific psychosocial determinants that significantly influence wound healing, exploring novel therapeutic strategies, and implementing personalized interventions to meet the unique needs of each patient. Such endeavors hold promise in advancing the fields of psychodermatology and wound management, fostering a deeper understanding and application of psychosocial considerations in dermatological care.

关键词： Psychosocial Factors chronic Wound Healing Biopsychosocial Interventions Psychiatric Conditions Dermatology Patients