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Incense smoke(IS)inhalation exposure system:Physicochemical characterization,IS particle deposition and clearance in human airway using MPPD model

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 271-285页

作者： Vyas kumar Hafsa Hashmi Anshita Nasreen Ghazi Ansari Jyotsna singh Inhalation Toxicology Facility Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSR-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow22001UPIndi Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcsSIR) Ghaziabad201002UPIndia Analytical Chemistry Regulatory Toxicology GroupCSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology ResearchLucknow226001UPIndia

Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human *** in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)deposition in human *** aimed to demonstrate stable ISPM physicochemical parameters of 10 incense products inside the customized whole body inhalation exposure chamber(without animal)connected to smoke generation unit via aerosol mixing *** analyzed for size segregated PM emission,ISPM in vitro aerodynamics(MMAD and GSD determination),fine and ultrafine particle's SEM,SEM-EDX and PAH *** real life exposure scenario by utilizing MMAD,GSD and PM concentration after Tier 1 exposure assessment as key input parameters,ISPM dosimetry in infant(3 months)and adult(21 years male and female)human airways was calculated using multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD 3.04)*** median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD)and geo-metric standard deviation(GSD)ranged between 0.55 and 2.10μm and 1.22 to 1.77(polydisperse)***1.0 and PM0.1 showed multiple morphology and presence of heavy and trace *** like acenaphthylene,anthracene,fluorene,naphthalene and phenanthrene were detected(0.84-143.17μg/g).MPPD results showed higher ISPM deposition in pulmonary region and lowest in trachea bronchial *** deposition in tissue was higher in lower,peripheral lung as compared to upper and central lung *** body inhalation exposure system showed stable IS atmosphere(physi-cochemical parameters)indicating the device suitability in future inhalation *** ISPM deposition fraction and clearance data showed deep lung penetrating and retention behavior with higher risk in infant followed by female and then *** modeled particle deposition and clearance data may be useful in risk assessment analysis of IS.

关键词： Inhalation Incense smoke Multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD) Particle deposition Particulate matter(PM) Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) Human airway

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists:A new hope towards the management of alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第35期30卷 3965-3971页

作者： Siva Sundara kumar Durairajan Abhay kumar singh Ashok Iyaswamy Department of Microbiology School of Life SciencesCentral University of Tamil NaduTiruvarur 610005India School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Biochemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021India

In this editorial,we examine a paper by Koizumi et al,on the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)agonists in alcoholic liver disease(ALD).The study determined whether elafibranor protected the intestinal barrier and reduced liver fibrosis in a mouse model of *** study also underlines the role of PPARs in intestinal barrier function and lipid homeostasis,which are both affected by *** therapies are necessary for ALD because it is a critical health issue that affects people *** editorial analyzes the possibility of PPAR agonists as treatments for *** key factors of inflammation and metabolism,PPARs offer multiple methods for managing the complex etiology of *** assess the abilities of PPARα,PPARγ,and PPARβ/δagonists to prevent steatosis,inflammation,and fibrosis due to liver *** research carried out in preclinical and clinical settings has shown that PPAR agonists can reduce the severity of liver *** editorial discusses the data analyzed and the obstacles,advantages,and mechanisms of action of PPAR agonists for *** research is needed to understand the efficacy,safety,and mechanisms of PPAR agonists for treating ALD.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists Liver fibrosis Inflammation Metabolic regulation Hepatoprotection

Hopf bifurcation in a delayed prey-predator model with prey refuge involving fear effect

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第5期17卷 1-32页

作者： Ankit Parwaliya Anuraj singh Ajay kumar Department of Applied Sciences ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and ManagementGwalior 474015India

This work investigates a prey-predator model featuring a Holling-type II functional response,in which the fear effect of predation on the prey species,as well as prey refuge,are ***,the model assumes that the growth rate of the prey population decreases as a result of the fear of ***,the detection of the predator by the prey species is subject to a delay known as the fear response delay,which is incorporated into the *** paper establishes the preliminary conditions for the solution of the delayed model,including positivity,boundedness and *** paper discusses the existence and stability of equilibrium points in the *** particular,the paper considers the discrete delay as a bifurcation parameter,demonstrating that the system undergoes Hopf bifurcation at a critical value of the delay *** direction and stability of periodic solutions are determined using central manifold and normal form ***,the global stability of the model is established at axial and positive equilibrium *** extensive numerical simulation is presented to validate the analytical findings,including the continuation of the equilibrium branch for positive equilibrium points.

关键词： Hopf bifurcation fear effect prey refuge periodic solutions time delay branch off

Biorenewable materials for water remediation: The central role of cellulose in achieving sustainability

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 253-282页

作者： Kirti Mishra Samarjeet singh Siwal Thandiwe Sithole Nirankar singh Phil Hart Vijay kumar Thakur Department of Chemistry M.M.Engineering CollegeMaharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)Haryana 133207India Department of Chemical Engineering University of JohannesburgDoornfontein 2088South Africa Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center Scotland’s Rural CollegeEdinburgh EH93JGUnited Kingdom Renewable and Sustainable Energy Research Centre Technology Innovation InstituteAbu Dhabi 9639United Arab Emirates School of Engineering University of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradun 248007India

As the population increases and manufacturing grows,greenhouse gas and other harmful emissions *** with chemicals such as dyes,pesticides,pharmaceuticals,oil,heavy metals or radionuclides,wastewater purification has become an urgent *** technologies exist that can remove these contaminants from wastewater sources,but they often demand high energy and/or high cost,and in some cases produce contaminant laden sludge that requires safe *** need for methods which are less capital intensive,less operationally costly and more environmentally friendly is ***-based materials have emerged as promising candidates for wastewater treatment due to their renewability,low cost,biodegradability,hydrophilicity,and antimicrobial *** this review article,we focussed on developing sustainable and biodegradable cellulose-based materials for wastewater *** article deals with cellulose-based materials’scope and their conversion into valuable products like hydrogel,aerogel,cellulose composites,and *** cellulose-based materials have no harmful environmental impact and are *** modified cellulose-based materials applying as membrane,adsorbent,sorbent,and beads to purify the wastewater were ***,the challenges and future prospects of cellulose-based materials for wastewater treatment were considered,emphasizing their potential to be sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional materials used in wastewater treatment.

关键词： Cellulose Wastewater treatment Hydrogel Nanocrystal Cellulose membrane

Genetic variability and trait association analysis in linseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)for yield and related traits

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第3期9卷 151-159页

作者： Sandeep kumar Yadav Neha singh Hemant kumar Yadav CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Rana Pratap MargLucknow226001UPIndia Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad201002India State Planning Commission LucknowUPIndia

Diversity information mining about a crop for different attributes is an essential step for effective breeding *** present investigation evaluates the quantum of genetic variability and determines the relationship among the important agro-economic traits based on two years of phenotypic data of 210 accessions of *** traits,capsule weight per plant,capsule per plant,husk weight per plant,and seed weight per plant exhibited comparatively higher genetic coefficient of variation(GCV)and phenotypic coefficient of variation(PCV).In contrast,oil content and seed per capsule exhibited a lower *** high magnitude of broad sense heritability was observed for all traits except seeds per capsule and husk weight per *** trait,capsules per plant,plant height,and days to 50%flowering showed high genetic advance coupled with high *** cluster analysis grouped 210 accessions into six distinct *** of 210,144(68.57%)accessions were grouped into three clusters(I,II,and III),in which cluster-III was the largest,containing 64 accessions followed by cluster II and *** highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters-I and V(127.85),while the lowest was between clusters-II and IV(27.09).The positive correlation of capsule weight per plant with the seed weight per plant and a negative correlation with the days to 50%flowering indicates that high yielding linseed varieties with early flowering/maturity could be developed through direct and indirect ***,seed yield and oil content could be enhanced together as indicated by ghe positive association among these two important *** this study,high yielding accessions with moderate to high oil content such as GP36,GP31,GP14,GP54,GP26,GP24,GP34,GP21,GP37 and GP27 and early flowering(less than 70 days)accessions such as GP2,GP26,GP27,CG33,CG44,CG42,CG132,and CG31 identified as potential genetic materials that could be exploited for developing early matu

关键词： Linseed Genetic variability Heritability Genetic advance PCA Dendrogram

Cardioprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers in calcium chloride-induced cardiac arrhythmia in rats

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2011年第4期25卷 280-286页

作者： Ashish kumar Sharma Kunal Kishore Divya Sharma B.P Srinivasan Shyam Sunder Agarwal Ashok Sharma santosh kumar singh Samir Gaur Vijay singh Jatav Department of Pharmacology Gyan Vihar School of PharmacySuresh Gyan Vihar UniversityJagatpuraJaipur (Rajasthan)302025India Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Department of PharmacologyPushpviharSector Ⅲ.New Delhi 110017India

The present study investigated the antiarrhythmic activity of alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia （T. cordifolia） in CaCl2 induced arrhythmia. CaCl2 （25 mg/kg） was administered by intravenous infusion （iv） to produce arrhythmia in rats. The animals were then treated with T. cordifolia extract （150, 250, and 450 mg/kg） and verapamil （5 mg/kg,iv）. Lead II electrocardiogram was monitored. Plasma calcium, sodium and potassium levels were measured. In CaCl2 induced arrhythmia, heart rate was decreased by 41.10%, T. cordifolia at 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg decreased the heart rate by 26.30%, 29.16%, and 38.29%, respectively, and verapamil reduced the heart rate by 9.70% compared to the normal group. The PQRST waves were normalized and atrial and ventricular fibrillation was controlled in rats treated with verapamil and T. cordifolia. CaCl2 increased calcium and sodium levels and decreased potassium levels in blood. T. cordifolia dose-dependently decreased calcium and sodium levels and increased potassium levels. Hence, T. cordifolia can be used in antiarrhythmic clinical settings and beneficial in atrial and ventricular fibrillation and flutter and may be indicated in ventricular tachyarrhythmia.

关键词： Tinospora cordifolia arrhythmia cardioprotection.

An Effective Hybrid Model of ELM and Enhanced GWO for Estimating Compressive Strength of Metakaolin-Contained Cemented Materials

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1521-1555页

作者： Abidhan Bardhan Raushan kumar singh Mohammed Alatiyyah Sulaiman Abdullah Alateyah Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaPatnaIndia Department of Computer Engineering and Applications GLA UniversityMathuraIndia Department of Computer Science College of Sciences and Humanities-AflajPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KharjSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Science and ArtsQassim UniversityUnaizahSaudi Arabia

This research proposes a highly effective soft computing paradigm for estimating the compressive strength(CS)of metakaolin-contained cemented *** proposed approach is a combination of an enhanced grey wolf optimizer(EGWO)and an extreme learning machine(ELM).EGWO is an augmented form of the classic grey wolf optimizer(GWO).Compared to standard GWO,EGWO has a better hunting mechanism and produces an optimal *** EGWO was used to optimize the ELM structure and a hybrid model,ELM-EGWO,was *** train and validate the proposed ELM-EGWO model,a sum of 361 experimental results featuring five influencing factors was *** on sensitivity analysis,three distinct cases of influencing parameters were considered to investigate the effect of influencing factors on predictive *** consequences show that the constructed ELM-EGWO achieved the most accurate precision in both training(RMSE=0.0959)and testing(RMSE=0.0912)*** outcomes of the ELM-EGWO are significantly superior to those of deep neural networks(DNN),k-nearest neighbors(KNN),long short-term memory(LSTM),and other hybrid ELMs constructed with GWO,particle swarm optimization(PSO),harris hawks optimization(HHO),salp swarm algorithm(SSA),marine predators algorithm(MPA),and colony predation algorithm(CPA).The overall results demonstrate that the newly suggested ELM-EGWO has the potential to estimate the CS of metakaolin-contained cemented materials with a high degree of precision and robustness.

关键词： Metakaolin-contained cemented materials compressive strength extreme learning machine grey wolf optimizer swarm intelligence uncertainty analysis artificial intelligence

U-Net Inspired Deep Neural Network-Based Smoke Plume Detection in Satellite Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 779-799页

作者： Ananthakrishnan Balasundaram Ayesha Shaik Japmann Kaur Banga Aman kumar singh Centre for Cyber Physical Systems Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)ChennaiTamil Nadu600127India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)ChennaiTamil Nadu600127India

Industrial activities, through the human-induced release of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, have beenidentified as the primary cause of global warming. Accurate and quantitative monitoring of these emissions isessential for a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the Earth’s climate and for effectively enforcingemission regulations at a large scale. This work examines the feasibility of detecting and quantifying industrialsmoke plumes using freely accessible geo-satellite imagery. The existing systemhas so many lagging factors such aslimitations in accuracy, robustness, and efficiency and these factors hinder the effectiveness in supporting timelyresponse to industrial fires. In this work, the utilization of grayscale images is done instead of traditional colorimages for smoke plume detection. The dataset was trained through a ResNet-50 model for classification and aU-Net model for segmentation. The dataset consists of images gathered by European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 satellite constellation from a selection of industrial sites. The acquired images predominantly capture scenesof industrial locations, some of which exhibit active smoke plume emissions. The performance of the abovementionedtechniques and models is represented by their accuracy and IOU (Intersection-over-Union) *** images are first trained on the basic RGB images where their respective classification using the ResNet-50model results in an accuracy of 94.4% and segmentation using the U-Net Model with an IOU metric of 0.5 andaccuracy of 94% which leads to the detection of exact patches where the smoke plume has occurred. This work hastrained the classification model on grayscale images achieving a good increase in accuracy of 96.4%.

关键词： Smoke plume ResNet-50 U-Net geo satellite images early warning global monitoring

Hydro-uvarovite from Mantle Peridotites of Naga Hills Ophiolite: A Mineral Tracer for Neo-Tethyan Mantle Wedge Metasomatism

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第4期98卷 867-877页

作者： Anisha VERENCAR Abhishek SAHA Nilanjana SORCAR Sohini GANGULY Pankaj kumar Atul kumar singh CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Dona PaulaGoa 403004India School of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesGoa UniversityTaleigao PlateauGoa 403206India National Centre for Earth Science Studies ThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia Inter University Accelerator Centre(IUAC) New Delhi 110067India North-Eastern Hill University ShillongMeghalaya 793022India

Hydrous Cr-bearing uvarovite garnets are rare in natural occurrences and belong to the ugrandite series and exist in binary solid solutions with grossular and andradite garnets. Here, we report the occurrence of hydrous uvarovite garnet having Cr_(2)O_(3) upto 19.66 wt% and CaO of 32.12–35.14 wt% in the serpentinized mantle peridotites of Naga Hills Ophiolite(NHO), India. They occur in association with low-Cr diopsides. They are enriched in LILE(Ba, Sr), LREEs, with fractionating LREE-MREE [avg.(La/Sm)_(N) = 2.16] with flat MREE/HREE patterns [avg.(Sm/Yb)_(N) = 0.95]. Raman spectra indicate the presence of hydroxyl(OH^(–)) peaks from 3500 to 3700 cm^(-1). Relative abundances in fluid mobile elements and their close association with clinopyroxenes are suggestive of the formation of uvarovite garnets through low temperature metasomatic alteration of low-Cr diopsides by hydrothermal slab fluids. The high LREE concentration and absence of Eu anomaly in the garnet further attest to alkaline nature of the transporting slab dehydrated fluid rather the involvement of low-p H solution. The chemical characteristics of the hydroxyl bearing uvarovite hosted by the mantle peridotite of NHO deviate from the classical features of uvarovite garnet, and their origin is attributed to the fluid-induced metasomatism of the sub arc mantle wedge in a suprasubduction zone regime.

关键词： uvarovite hydroxyl metasomatic alteration low-Cr diopsides serpentinization mantle peridotite