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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第2期15卷 142-153页

作者： Omar Ramos-lopez Medicine and Psychology School Autonomous University of Baja CaliforniaTijuana 22390Baja CaliforniaMexico

Globally,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is one of the most common metabolic disorders.T2DM physiopathology is influenced by complex interrelationships between genetic,metabolic and lifestyle factors(including diet),which differ between populations and geographic regions.In fact,excessive consumptions of high fat/high sugar foods generally increase the risk of developing T2DM,whereas habitual intakes of plant-based healthy diets usually exert a protective effect.Moreover,genomic studies have allowed the characterization of sequence DNA variants across the human genome,some of which may affect gene expression and protein functions relevant for glucose homeostasis.This comprehensive literature review covers the impact of gene-diet interactions on T2DM susceptibility and disease progression,some of which have demonstrated a value as biomarkers of personal responses to certain nutritional interventions.Also,novel genotype-based dietary strategies have been developed for improving T2DM control in comparison to general lifestyle recommendations.Furthermore,progresses in other omics areas(epigenomics,metagenomics,proteomics,and metabolomics)are improving current understanding of genetic insights in T2DM clinical outcomes.Although more investigation is still needed,the analysis of the genetic make-up may help to decipher new paradigms in the pathophysiology of T2DM as well as offer further opportunities to personalize the screening,prevention,diagnosis,management,and prognosis of T2DM through precision nutrition.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Nutrigenetics Single nucleotide polymorphism Genotype Diet Precision nutrition

Metabolic reprogramming of the inflammatory response in the nervous system:the crossover between inflammation and metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2189-2201页

作者： Jesus Amo-Aparicio Charles A.Dinarello Ruben lopez-Vales Department of Medicine University of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA Institute of Neurosciences and Department Cell BiologyPhysiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos ⅢSpain

Metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy(catabolism) or used to build macromolecules(anabolism). Metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generates molecules that modulate multiple cellular responses. This was first identified in cancer cells as the Warburg effect, but it is also present in immunocompetent cells. Studies have revealed a bidirectional influence of cellular metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune cell activation and effector functions. Metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to undergo dynamic changes during immune cell response, facilitating the energetic and biosynthetic demands. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in different immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on central nervous system disorders. Understanding the metabolic changes of the immune response not only provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that regulate immune cell function but also opens new approaches for therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating the immune system.

关键词： central nervous system fatty acid oxidation glycolysis inflammation macrophage metabolism microglia neurodegeneration oxidative phosphorylation

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Environmental drivers of long-term variations in the abundance of the red hocicudo mouse (Oxymycterus rufus) in Pampas agroecosystems

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 37-51页

作者： Laura Mariel CALFAYAN Regino CAVIA Jimena FRASCHINA Juan santiago GUIDOBONO Irene Laura GOROSITO María BUSCH Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones Departamento de EcologíaGenética y EvoluciónFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de EcologíaGenética y Evolución de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)Buenos AiresArgentina

During the 20th century,there has been an ongoing agricultural expansion and global warming,two of the main determinants influencing biodiversity changes in Argentina.The red hocicudo mouse(Oxymycterus rufus)inhabits subtropical grasslands and riparian habitats and has increased its abundance in recent years in central Argentina agroecosystems.This paper describes the long-term temporal changes in O.rufus abundance in Exaltación de la Cruz department,Buenos Aires province,Argentina,in relation to weatherfluctuations and landscape features,as well as analyzes the spatio-temporal structure of captures of animals.We used generalized liner models,semi-variograms,the Mantel test,and autocorrelation functions for the analysis of rodent data obtained from trappings conducted between 1984 and 2014.O.rufus showed an increase in abundance across the years of study,with its distribution depending on landscape features,such as habitat types and the distance tofloodplains.Capture rates showed a spatio-temporal aggregation,suggesting expansion from previously occupied sites.O.rufus was more abundant at lower minimum temperatures in summer,higher precipitation in spring and summer,and lower precip-itations in winter.Weather conditions affected O.rufus abundance,but there was local variation that differed from global patterns of climate change.

关键词： agroecosystems climate change linear habitats Oxymycterus rufus rodent

Redesigning crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security

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Molecular Plant 2023年第10期16卷 1590-1611页

作者： Kevin V.Pixley Jill E.Cairns santiago lopez-ridaura Chris O.Ojiewo Maryam Abba Dawud Inoussa Drabo Taye Mindaye Baloua Nebie Godfrey Asea Biswanath Das Happy Daudi Haile Desmae Benoit Joseph Batieno Ousmane Boukar Clare T.M.Mukankusi Stanley T.Nkalubo Sarah J.Hearne Kanwarpal S.Dhugga Harish Gandhi Sieglinde Snapp Ernesto Adair Zepeda-Villarreal International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) TexcocoMexico International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) HarareZimbabwe International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) NairobiKenya Lake Chad Research Institute(LCRI) MaidiguriNigeria International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) DakarSenegal Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR) Addis AbabaEthiopia National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) KampalaUganda Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute(TARI) NaliendeleTanzania Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles(INERA) OuagadougouBurkina Faso International Institute of Tropicl Agriculture(IITA) KanoNigeria Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT KampalaUganda

Climate change poses daunting challenges to agricultural production and food security.Rising temperatures,shifting weather patterns,and more frequent extreme events have already demonstrated their effects on local,regional,and global agricultural systems.Crop varieties that withstand climate-related stresses and are suitable for cultivation in innovative cropping systems will be crucial to maximize risk avoidance,productivity,and profitability under climate-changed environments.We surveyed 588 expert stakeholders to predict current and novel traits that may be essential for future pearl millet,sorghum,maize,groundnut,cowpea,and common bean varieties,particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.We then review the current progress and prospects for breeding three prioritized future-essential traits for each of these crops.Experts predict that most current breeding priorities will remain important,but that rates of genetic gain must increase to keep pace with climate challenges and consumer demands.Importantly,the predicted future-essential traits include innovative breeding targets that must also be prioritized;for example,(1)optimized rhizosphere microbiome,with benefits for P,N,and water use efficiency,(2)optimized performance across or in specific cropping systems,(3)lower nighttime respiration,(4)improved stover quality,and(5)increased early vigor.We further discuss cutting-edge tools and approaches to discover,validate,and incorporate novel genetic diversity from exotic germplasm into breeding populations with unprecedented precision,accuracy,and speed.We conclude that the greatest challenge to developing crop varieties to win the race between climate change and food security might be our innovativeness in defining and boldness to breed for the traits of tomorrow.

关键词： climate change food security crop breeding cropping systems expert survey sub-Saharan Africa

Predictive modeling of critical temperatures in magnesium compounds using transfer learning

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1540-1553页

作者： Surjeet Kumar Russlan Jaafreh Subhajit Dutta Jung Hyeon Yoo santiago Pereznieto Kotiba Hamad Dae Ho Yoon School of Advanced Materials Science&Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419Republic of Korea

This study presents a transfer learning approach for discovering potential Mg-based superconductors utilizing a comprehensive target dataset.Initially,a large source dataset(Bandgap dataset)comprising approximately∼75k compounds is utilized for pretraining,followed by fine-tuning with a smaller Critical Temperature(T_(c))dataset containing∼300 compounds.Comparatively,there is a significant improvement in the performance of the transfer learning model over the traditional deep learning(DL)model in predicting Tc.Subsequently,the transfer learning model is applied to predict the properties of approximately 150k compounds.Predictions are validated computationally using density functional theory(DFT)calculations based on lattice dynamics-related theory.Moreover,to demonstrate the extended predictive capability of the transfer learning model for new materials,a pool of virtual compounds derived from prototype crystal structures from the Materials Project(MP)database is generated.T_(c) predictions are obtained for∼3600 virtual compounds,which underwent screening for electroneutrality and thermodynamic stability.An Extra Trees-based model is trained to utilize E_(hull)values to obtain thermodynamically stable materials,employing a dataset containing Ehull values for approximately 150k materials for training.Materials with Ehull values exceeding 5 meV/atom were filtered out,resulting in a refined list of potential Mg-based superconductors.This study showcases the effectiveness of transfer learning in predicting superconducting properties and highlights its potential for accelerating the discovery of Mg-based materials in the field of superconductivity.

关键词： Superconductivity Critical temperature Transfer learning Crystal structure features Thermodynamic stability

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Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:Are tumors smaller than 2 cm truly indolent?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1756-1762页

作者： Sergio Hoyos Pablo Posada-Moreno Natalia Guzman-Arango Romario Chanci-Drago Jaime Chavez Alvaro Andrés-Duarte santiago Salazar-Ochoa Hepatobilary and Liver Transplant Unit Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Gastrohepathology Group Universidad de AntioquiaMedellin 050034AntioquiaColombia Department of General Surgery Universidad Pontificia BolivarianaMedellín 050034AntioquiaColombia

BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)are relatively rare but rank as the second most common pancreatic neoplasm.They can be functional,causing early metabolic disturbances due to hormone secretion,or non-functional and diagnosed later based on tumor size-related symptoms.Recent diagnoses of PNETs under 2 cm in size have sparked debates about their management;some practitioners advocate for surgical removal and others suggest observation due to the tumors’lower potential for malignancy.However,it is unclear whether managing these small tumors expectantly is truly safe.AIM To evaluate poor prognostic factors in PNETs based on tumor size(>2 cm or<2 cm)in surgically treated patients.METHODS This cohort study included 64 patients with PNETs who underwent surgical resection between 2006 and 2019 at a high-complexity reference hospital in Medellín,Colombia.To assess patient survival,quarterly follow-ups were conducted during the first year after surgery,followed by semi-annual con-sultations at the hospital's hepatobiliary surgery department.Qualitative variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies,and quantitative variables were expressed using measures of central tendency and their corresponding measures of dispersion.RESULTS The presence of lymph node involvement,neural involvement,and lymphovascular invasion were all associated with an increased risk of mortality,with hazard ratios of 5.68(95%CI:1.26–25.61,P=0.024),6.44(95%CI:1.43–28.93,P=0.015),and 24.87(95%CI:2.98–207.19,P=0.003),respectively.Neural involvement and lymphovascular invasion were present in tumors smaller than 2 cm in diameter and those larger than 2 cm in diameter.The recurrence rates between the two tumor groups were furthermore similar:18.2%for tumors smaller than 2 cm and 21.4%for tumors larger than 2 cm.Patient survival was additionally comparable between the two tumor groups.CONCLUSION Tumor size does not dictate prognosis;lymph node and lymphovascular involvement affect mortality,which high-lights that histopath

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumor Pancreatic neoplasm Pancreas Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Selenium Differentially Regulates Flavonoid Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacities in Sprouts of Twenty Diverse Mungbean(Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek)Genotypes

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 611-625页

作者： Fenglan Zhao Jizhi Jin Meng Yang Franklin Eduardo Melo santiago Jianping Xue Li Xu Yongbo Duan Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Featured Resource Plants College of Life SciencesHuaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei235000China Department of Soil Science Federal Institute of PiauiUruçuíPiauí64860-000Brazil The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang550003China

Seed germination with selenium(Se)is promising for producing Se-biofortiﬁed foods.Mungbean(Vigna radiata(L.)Wilczek)sprout is freshly eaten as a salad dressed with sauce,making it superior for Se biofortiﬁcation.Since the Se safety range for the human body is extremely narrow,it is imperative to evaluate the genotypic responses of mungbean sprouts to Se.This study evaluated the Se enrichment capacity and interaction withﬂavonoids and antioxidant systems in sprouts of 20 mungbean germplasms.Selenium treatment was done by immersing mung-bean seeds in 20μM sodium selenite solution for 8 h.Afterward,the biomass,Se amounts,ﬂavonoid(particularly vitexin and isovitexin)contents,antioxidant capacity,and key biosynthetic gene expressions were measured.Sprout Se content was 2.0-7.0μg g^(-1) DW among the 20 mungbean germplasms.Selenium treatment differentially affected the biomass,totalﬂavonoid,vitexin,isovitexin,antioxidant enzyme activities,and antioxidant capacities of the mungbean germplasms.Eight germplasms showed increased biomass(p<0.05),the highest increasing by 127%,but 13 did not phenotypically respond to Se treatment.Seven and six germplasms showed varied levels of vitexin and isovitexin increment after Se treatment,the highest measuring 2.67-and 2.87-folds for vitexin and isovitexin,respectively.Two mungbeanﬂavonoid biosynthesis genes,chalcone synthase(VrCHS)and chalcone isomerase(VrCHI)were signiﬁcantly up-regulated in the germplasms with increased vitexin and isovitexin levels(p<0.05).Moreover,Se enrichment capacity was signiﬁcantly correlated with the vitexin,isovitexin,and antiox-idant capacities.In conclusion,mungbean sprouts could be a useful Se-biofortiﬁed food,but the Se enrichment capacity and nutritional response must be determined for each germplasm before commercialization.

关键词： Antioxidant capacity gene expression genotypic variation isovitexin vitexin selenium

Human Papillomavirus Within Psoriasis Plaques in a Patient With Psoriasis: A Case Report

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International Journal of Dermatology And Venereology 2024年第1期07卷 55-57页

作者： Lema-Matehu Karen P. Lascano-Gallegos Nathalie P. Palacios-álvarez santiago A. School of Medicine Eugenio Espejo UTE University Quito 170147 Ecuador Department of Dermatology Centro de la Piel Quito 170508

Introduction: Psoriasis may be triggered by several factors, and its pathophysiology is related to inflammatory cellular processes.Case presentation: A 67-year-old man who had been diagnosed with psoriasis 14 years previously developed an outbreak of small erythematous desquamative plaques distributed symmetrically on his arms and trunk. Multiple spiny whitish papules had developed over his previously established psoriasis lesions. The appearance of the papules was consistent with viral warts. The patient was treated with systemic methotrexate injected subcutaneously and oral folic acid, both dosed weekly. This treatment produced good results.Discussion: A remarkable feature of this case is that psoriasis was the first diagnosis and that human papillomavirus (HPV) appeared over widespread erythematous squamous plaques. The pathophysiology of psoriasis is related to inflammatory cellular processes. Some authors have reported that HPV proteins may stimulate keratinocyte proliferation. Others have reported that HPV infection mostly stimulates systemic interleukin 17 production; consequently, HPV infection could provide a better environment for interleukin 17 secretion and facilitate new onset of psoriasis. One report indicated that methotrexate was discontinued in a patient who presented with both pathologies, although we had very good results.Conclusion: Psoriasis and HPV may be pathophysiologically related. HPV may stimulate keratinocyte proliferation and systemic interleukin 17 production, resulting in a better environment for psoriasis. Systemic methotrexate injected subcutaneously resulted in a good outcome in our patient.

关键词： human papillomavirus methotrexate psoriasis case report

Failure to Rescue as a Quality Metric in Congenital Heart Surgeries in a High-Complexity Service Provider Institution Located in a Middle-Income Country

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第2期19卷 207-218页

作者： Gustavo Cruz santiago Pedroza Juan F.Vélez Jessica Largo Juan F.Tejada Jorge H.Mejía-Mantilla Departamento de Anestesiología Fundación Valle del LiliCali760032Colombia Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas Fundación Valle del LiliCali760032Colombia Departamento de Cardiología Pediátrica Fundación Valle del LiliCali760032Colombia Facultad de Medicina Universidad IcesiCali760031Colombia Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Fundación Valle del LiliCali760032Colombia

Background:Failure to rescue has been an effective quality metric in congenital heart surgery.Conversely,mor-bidity and mortality depend greatly on non-modifiable individual factors and have a weak correlation with better-quality performance.We aim to measure the complications,mortality,and risk factors in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart surgery in a high-complexity institution located in a middle-income country and compare it with other institutions that have conducted a similar study.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted in a high-complexity service provider institution,in Cali,Colombia.All pediatric patients undergoing any congenital heart surgery between 2019 and 2022 were included.The main outcomes evaluated in the study were complication,mortality,and failure to rescue rate.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with mortality as the outcome variable.Results:We evaluated 308 congenital heart sur-geries.Regarding the outcomes,201(65%)complications occurred,23(7.5%)patients died,and the FTR of the entire cohort was 11.4%.The presence of a postoperative complication(OR 14.88,CI 3.06–268.37,p=0.009),age(OR 0.79,CI 0.57–0.96,p=0.068),and urgent/emergent surgery(OR 8.14,CI 2.97–28.66,p<0.001)were the most significant variables in predicting mortality.Conclusions:Failure to rescue is an effective and comparable quality measure in healthcare institutions and is the major contributor to postoperative mortality in congenital heart surgeries.Despite our higher mortality and complication rate,we obtained a comparable failure to rescue rate to high-income countries’health institutions.

关键词： Congenital heart surgery complication mortality failure to rescue quality metric

Generation of lossy mode resonances(LMR)using perovskite nanofilms

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第2期7卷 33-40页

作者： Dayron Armas Ignacio R.Matias M.Carmen lopez-Gonzalez Carlos Ruiz Zamarreño Pablo Zubiate Ignacio del Villar Beatriz Romero Electrical Electronic and Communications Engineering DepartmentPublic University of NavarraPamplona 31006Spain Institute of Smart Cities(ISC) Public University of NavarraPamplona 31006Spain Experimental Science and Technology School Rey Juan Carlos UniversityMostoles 28933Spain

The results presented here show for the first time the experimental demonstration of the fabrication of lossy mode resonance(LMR) devices based on perovskite coatings deposited on planar waveguides. Perovskite thin films have been obtained by means of the spin coating technique and their presence was confirmed by ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction testing. The LMRs can be generated in a wide wavelength range and the experimental results agree with the theoretical simulations. Overall, this study highlights the potential of perovskite thin films for the development of novel LMR-based devices that can be used for environmental monitoring, industrial sensing, and gas detection, among other applications.

关键词： perovskite thin films slab waveguide lossy mode resonance

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