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Early life investment in antlers and body growth reflects adult performance in roe deer population under supplementary feeding conditions

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 396-407页

作者： Marta PELÁEZ Isabel SAnUY Juan Carlos PERAL JoséLuisÁlvarez ESTEBAn Santiago LAVÍn Emmanuel SERRAnO Ramón PEREA Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos naturales Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Wildlife Ecology&Health group(WE&H)and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge(SEFaS).Facultat de Veterinària Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona(UAB)BarcelonaSpain Centro Cinegético I+D de Valsemana Junta de Castilla y LeónLa ErcinaLeónSpain

Recent research has challenged the idea that cervid antlers are such costly traits,supporting the assertion early-life antler investment is an honest signal of adult phenotypic quality.However,inferences were made based on antler measurements while growing(velvet)and thus,studies on fully-formed clean antlers are needed to avoid possible bias caused by the inter-individual variation in antler growth phenology.We studied a semi-captive population of European roe deer inhabiting a sub-Mediterranean area(Valsemana research station)and living under optimal conditions(ad libitum food supply and veterinary care).Based on repeated measurements taken from 146 individuals,we assessed whether allocation to secondary sexual traits during early life affected body mass or antler development during adulthood.Furthermore,we evaluated which body measurements better predicted future male quality.Additionally,using 488 individuals,we described age-class-specific variation in male body measurements and assessed the decline in antler size between adult and senescent stages(i.***.magnitude of senescence).Results agree with the assertion that there is no negative effect of a high investment in antler during early life on adult antler size or body mass,but we suggest the use of clean antlers as a more robust and reliable measure.The variables that better predicted body mass during adulthood were yearling body mass and body size at 6 months.Antler score between 10 and 18 months resulted in the best indicator of adult antler size.Finally,we support the idea that the magnitude of senescence in antler size is smaller in environments with higher resource availability during winter.

关键词： antler size body mass early-life investment Mediterranean environments secondary sexual traits and senescence trade-offs

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nylon 6-cellulose composite hosted in a hypodermic needle: Biofluid extraction and analysis by ambient mass spectrometry in a single device

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第11期13卷 1346-1352页

作者： Jaime Millan-santiago Rafael Lucena Soledad Cardenas Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation(AS2P)Research Group Analytical Chemistry DepartmentChemical Institute for Energy and Environment(IQUEMA)University of CordobaE-14071CordobaSpain

This study proposes a hypodermic needle(Hn)as a sorbent holder and an electrospray(ESI)emitter,thus combining extraction and analysis in a single device.A novel nylon 6-cellulose(n6-Cel)composite sorbent is proposed to extract methadone from oral fluid samples.The cellulosic substrate provides the composite with high porosity,permitting the flow-through of the sample,while the polyamide contributes to the extraction of the analyte.The low price of the devices(considering the holder and the sorbent)contributes to the affordability of the method,and their small size allows easy transportation,opening the door to on-site extractions.Under the optimum conditions,the analyte can be determined by high-resolution ambient ionization mass spectrometry at a limit of detection(LOD)as low as 0.3 mg/L and precision(expressed as relative standard deviation,RSD)better than 9.3%.The trueness,expressed as relative recovery(RR),ranged from 90%to 109%.As high-resolution mass spectrometers are not available in many laboratories,the method was also adapted to low-resolution spectrometers.In this sense,the direct infusion of the eluates in a triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry provided an LOD of 2.2 mg/L.The RSD was better than 5.3%,and the RR ranged from 96%to 121%.

关键词： ESI emitter Mass spectrometry Hypodermic needle Composite Methadone

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Sailboat navigation control system based on spiking neural networks

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Control Theory and Technology 2023年第4期21卷 489-504页

作者： nelson santiago Giraldo Sebastián Isaza Ricardo Andrés Velásquez Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering University of Antioquia67 stMedellin050010AntioquiaColombia

In this paper,we presented the development of a navigation control system for a sailboat based on spiking neural networks(Snn).Our inspiration for this choice of network lies in their potential to achieve fast and low-energy computing on specialized hardware.To train our system,we use the modulated spike time-dependent plasticity reinforcement learning rule and a simulation environment based on the BindsnET library and USVSim simulator.Our objective was to develop a spiking neural network-based control systems that can learn policies allowing sailboats to navigate between two points by following a straight line or performing tacking and gybing strategies,depending on the sailing scenario conditions.We presented the mathematical definition of the problem,the operation scheme of the simulation environment,the spiking neural network controllers,and the control strategy used.As a result,we obtained 425 Snn-based controllers that completed the proposed navigation task,indicating that the simulation environment and the implemented control strategy work effectively.Finally,we compare the behavior of our best controller with other algorithms and present some possible strategies to improve its performance.

关键词： Sailboat Control Spiking neuron Reinforcement learning Bindsnet USVSim

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社会支持对警察职业倦怠的影响:心理授权的中介作用

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环境与职业医学 2023年第8期40卷 918-922,964页

作者：张佳佳 santiago GASCÓn 汤芙蓉刘洪广中国人民公安大学犯罪学学院北京100038 四川警察学院警察管理系四川泸州646000 西班牙萨拉戈萨大学心理与社会学院西班牙萨拉戈萨50005

[背景]警察职业的高压力高风险性质损耗警察个体资源,易产生高职业倦怠感。[目的]了解警察职业倦怠的现状,探讨心理授权在社会支持和职业倦怠之间的中介作用。[方法]于2020年5—10月通过方便抽样法对四川省A、B市公安民警进行问卷调查,... 详细信息

[背景]警察职业的高压力高风险性质损耗警察个体资源,易产生高职业倦怠感。[目的]了解警察职业倦怠的现状,探讨心理授权在社会支持和职业倦怠之间的中介作用。[方法]于2020年5—10月通过方便抽样法对四川省A、B市公安民警进行问卷调查,采用《领悟社会支持量表》《职业倦怠量表-通用调查版》《心理授权量表》对研究对象的社会支持、职业倦怠、心理授权水平进行评价。运用有偏差校正的Bootstrap方法对心理授权在社会支持与警察职业倦怠关系中的中介效应进行检验。[结果]回收问卷483份,有效问卷461份,有效回收率为95.44%。研究对象全体的社会支持、心理授权、职业倦怠得分的M(P_(25),P_(75))分别为5.00(3.50,5.83)、3.25(2.00,4.25)、3.61(2.43,3.88)。职业倦怠发生率为93.92%(433/461),其中42.51%(196/461)和51.41%(237/461)的警察分别处于轻中度和重度职业倦怠状态。Spearman相关分析结果显示,社会支持、心理授权与警察职业倦怠之间呈负相关(r=−0.265、−0.328,P<0.01),社会支持与心理授权之间呈正相关(r=0.390,P<0.01)。Bootstrap检验结果显示,社会支持对职业倦怠具有负向影响作用(β=−0.193,P<0.001),社会支持对心理授权具有正向影响作用(β=0.330,P<0.001)。心理授权对警察职业倦怠具有负向影响作用(β=−0.212,P<0.001),心理授权能够部分中介社会支持对警察职业倦怠的影响,中介效应值为−0.070(95%CI:−0.097~−0.047),占总效应值的36.27%。[结论]警察普遍存在职业倦怠,社会支持负向影响警察职业倦怠,心理授权在社会支持和职业倦怠之间起部分中介作用。

关键词：警察职业倦怠社会支持心理授权中介效应

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De-schooling Well-being: Toward a Learning-Oriented Definition

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ECnU Review of Education 2020年第3期3卷 452-469页

作者： santiago Rincòn-Gallardo Michael Fullan’s Consulting Team

Purpose:(1)Critique conventional schooling as detrimental to student well-being and learning.(2)Articulate an alternative that is more conducive to learning and well-being in classrooms,schools,and educational systems.Design/Approach/Methods:I review the historical functions of compulsory schooling,the main critiques to conventional schooling developed over the past century,emerging knowledge on the neuroscience of learning and well-being,and cases of large-scale pedagogical transformation from the Global South.Findings:I argue that conventional schooling is detrimental to well-being,that deep learning is a precursor of well-being,and that compulsory schooling is not designed to cultivate it.Well-being has to be de-schooled so that students thrive in schools:The grammar of schooling has to be replaced with the language of learning.This requires deep and widespread cultural change,and some movements of pedagogical renewal from the Global South offer important lessons on how to accomplish this.Originality/Value:Expanding the scope of existing debates about student well-being by questioning the assumption that compulsory schooling is inherently good and pointing out that unless the default culture of schooling is replaced with cultures of robust learning,student well-being efforts will simply reproduce the very problems they seek to solve.

关键词： Cultural change educational change learning schooling student well-being

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一种由蜂类和鸟类传粉的鼠尾草属植物的花生物学:建立了有性阶段、花蜜动态过程和繁育系统与访花行为的联系

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 580-590页

作者： Camila n.Barrionuevo santiago Benitez-Vieyra Federico Sazatornil Laboratorio de Ecologia Evolutiva y Biologia Floral Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal(Universidad Nacional de Cordoba—CONICET)CC 495(X5000ZAA)CordobaArgentina

在对传粉综合征的认知过程中,人们已经意识到共享某类传粉媒介的植物间的花表型中存在着适应性趋同的现象。然而,虽然许多植物都表现出了与特定综合征相关的性状,但它们的访花传粉者却不止一种。这种情况可能意味着传粉媒介的变化,或者... 详细信息

在对传粉综合征的认知过程中,人们已经意识到共享某类传粉媒介的植物间的花表型中存在着适应性趋同的现象。然而,虽然许多植物都表现出了与特定综合征相关的性状,但它们的访花传粉者却不止一种。这种情况可能意味着传粉媒介的变化,或者可能形成了一种可适应不同传粉媒介的稳定情况。此前在鼠尾草属Salvia stachydifolia中开展的一项研究表明,该物种的花形状可以最大限度地提升蜜蜂和蜂鸟的传粉效果。在本文中,我们研究了该物种的花生物学的另外3个方面:有性阶段、花蜜动态过程和繁育系统,并探讨了它们与传粉者行为之间的联系,以了解该物种在这3个方面上对蜜蜂和/或蜂鸟传粉的适应性变化。我们以某一温室种群为研究对象,对其在5种不同传粉方式下的繁育系统进行了刻画。为了确定有性阶段,我们分别对花开、花药开裂、花冠掉落和柱头可授性的情况进行了记录。此外,我们还对花蜜体积和浓度在一整天的动态变化进行了表征。最后,为了确定传粉者的组成和访花模式,我们开展了实地观测并记录传粉者的行为。研究结果显示,S.stachydifolia是部分雄蕊先成熟且可自交,但自由授粉植株的繁殖成功率最高,表明繁殖过程主要取决于传粉者的活动。熊蜂属Bombus opifex(一种大黄蜂)是最常见的访花者,但在清晨和黄昏时占主导地位的访花者则是红尾慧星蜂鸟(Sappho sparganura)。花蜜常见于大黄蜂授粉的情况。我们认为蜜蜂-蜂鸟混合访花的模式构成了一种不稳定的进化情形,使得S.stachydifolia成为一种理想的研究对象,用以了解传粉媒介发生变化的生态环境。

关键词：鼠尾草属(Salvia) 有性阶段花蜜动态过程繁育系统传粉者行为

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Rock mass structural recognition from drill monitoring technology in underground mining using discontinuity index and machine learning techniques

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第5期33卷 555-571页

作者： Alberto Fernández JoséA.Sanchidrián Pablo Segarra santiago Gómez Enming Li Rafael navarro Universidad Politécnica de Madrid–ETSI Minas y Energía Spain Universidad de Salamanca–GIR Charrock Spain

A procedure to recognize individual discontinuities in rock mass from measurement while drilling(MWD)technology is developed,using the binary pattern of structural rock characteristics obtained from in-hole images for calibration.Data from two underground operations with different drilling technology and different rock mass characteristics are considered,which generalizes the application of the methodology to different sites and ensures the full operational integration of MWD data analysis.Two approaches are followed for site-specific structural model building:a discontinuity index(DI)built from variations in MWD parameters,and a machine learning(ML)classifier as function of the drilling parameters and their variability.The prediction ability of the models is quantitatively assessed as the rate of recognition of discontinuities observed in borehole logs.Differences between the parameters involved in the models for each site,and differences in their weights,highlight the site-dependence of the resulting models.The ML approach offers better performance than the classical DI,with recognition rates in the range 89%to 96%.However,the simpler DI still yields fairly accurate results,with recognition rates 70%to 90%.These results validate the adaptive MWD-based methodology as an engineering solution to predict rock structural condition in underground mining operations.

关键词： Drill monitoring technology Rock mass characterization Underground mining Similarity metrics of binary vectors Structural rock factor Machine learning

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Differential effects of environmental climatic variables on parasite abundances in blue tit nests during a decade

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 511-529页

作者： Francisco CASTAÑO-VÁZQUEZ santiago MERInO Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSICMadridSpain

Models on climate change have predicted an increase of temperature over the earth’s surface with potential drastic effects on living organisms.We analyzed the relationships between climatic conditions(temperature,rainfall,and wind speed)and the abundance of blood-sucking flying insects(biting midges and blackflies)and nest-dwelling ectoparasites(mites,fleas,and blowflies)collected from blue tit nests during bird breeding seasons for a period of 10 years.Average temperature,rainfall,and wind speed showed significant differences among years.Temperature and wind speed increased during the period of study while rainfall decreased.Biting midge,blackfly,and blowfly abundances increased across years but not flea and mite abundances.Hatching date decreased and brood size increased across years.Independently of year variation,parasites were related to climatic variables.For example,biting midge,blowfly,mite,and flea abundances were positive and significantly related to average temperature.We also found a positive and significant relationship between abundances of Haemoproteus infections and biting midge abundances during the first year of life of birds out of nests.However,abundance and prevalence of Lankesterella infections in yearlings were positive and significantly related to mite abundances during the year of birth of birds.Leucocytozoon and Lankesterella infections were also significantly related to climatic variables and Haemoproteus and Lankesterella infections increased across years.In addition,body condition of adult females and males were negatively related to flea larvae and blowfly abundance respectively.nestling body condition was also negatively related to biting midge abundance.Changes in climatic conditions across years could therefore affect several parasites of birds but also to birds themselves.

关键词： biting midges blackfly blowfly Haemoproteus Lankesterella rainfall temperature

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Systematic exploration of signal-based indicators for failure diagnosis in the context of cyber-physical systems

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019年第2期20卷 152-175页

作者： santiago RUIZ-AREnAS Zoltán RUSáK Imre HORVáTH Ricardo MEJí-GUTIERREZ Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering Delft University of Technology Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de Diseno Universidad EAFIT

Malfunction or breakdown of certain mission critical systems(MCSs) may cause losses of life, damage the environments, and/or lead to high costs. Therefore, recognition of emerging failures and preventive maintenance are essential for reliable operation of MCSs. There is a practical approach for identifying and forecasting failures based on the indicators obtained from real life processes. We aim to develop means for performing active failure diagnosis and forecasting based on monitoring statistical changes of generic signal features in the specific operation modes of the system. In this paper, we present a new approach for identifying emerging failures based on their manifestations in system signals. Our approach benefits from the dynamic management of the system operation modes and from simultaneous processing and characterization of multiple heterogeneous signal sources. It improves the reliability of failure diagnosis and forecasting by investigating system performance in various operation modes, includes reasoning about failures and forming of failures using a failure indicator matrix which is composed of statistical deviation of signal characteristics between normal and failed operations, and implements a failure indicator concept that can be used as a plug and play failure diagnosis and failure forecasting feature of cyber-physical systems. We demonstrate that our method can automate failure diagnosis in the MCSs and lend the MCSs to the development of decision support systems for preventive maintenance.

关键词： Failure indicators Failure classification Failure detection and diagnosis Complex systems

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Are we giving azathioprine too much time?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第36期14卷 5519-5522页

作者： Fernando Gomollón santiago García López Department of Digestive Diseases Clinic University Hospital "Lozano Blesa" CIBEREHD IACS Zaragoza Spain Department of Digestive Diseases University Hospital "Miguel Servet" Zaragoza Spain

Azathioprine is currently the key drug in the maintenance treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, there are still some practical issues to be resolved: one is how long we must maintain the drug. Given that inflammatory bowel diseases are to date chronic, non-curable conditions, treatment should be indefinite and only the loss of efficacy or the appearance of serious side effects may cause withdrawal. As regards to efficacy and their maintenance over time, evidence supports the continuous usefulness of the drug in the long term: in fact its withdrawal very substantially increases the risk of relapse. About side effects, azathioprine is a relatively well tolerated drug and even indefinite use seems safe. The main theoretical risks of prolonged use would be the myelotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and the development of cancer. In fact, serious bone marrow suppression or serious liver damage are uncommon, and can be minimized with proper use of the drug. Recent metanalysis suggests that the risk of lymphoma is real, but the individual risk is rather low, and decision analysis suggests a favorable benefit/risk ratio in the long term. Therefore, in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in whom azathioprine is effective and well tolerated, the drug should not be stopped. This recommendation concerns the use of azathioprine as a single maintenance drug, and is not necessarily applicable to patients receiving concomitant biological therapy.

关键词：肠炎咪唑硫嘌呤免疫抑制剂药物治疗

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