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Fragmentation patterns and systematic transitions of the forested landscape in the upper Amazon region, Ecuador 1990-2008

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 301-309页

作者： santiago bonilla-bedoya Juan R.Molina José E.Macedo-Pezzopane Miguel A.Herrera-Machuca DepartaTento de Ingeniería Forestal E.T.S.I.A.M.Universidad de CórdobaCaTpus de Excelencia Internacional Agroali Tentario (ceiA3) Secretaria Nacional de Educación Superior CienciaTecnología e Innovación del EcuadorWhy Tper E7-37 y Alpallana Quito. Ecuador Departa Tento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

The analysis of the systematic transitions in the forested landscape and the study of the forest fragmentation patterns allow us to deepen our understanding of the changes in the vegetation ground cover. The importance of knowing the intricate patterns of the land usage of the upper basin of the Amazon region is widely recognized. This zone is one of the most diverse biological areas in the world, is home to large areas of mature tropical cloud forest and demonstrates high probabilities of stable climatic conditions in light of global warming. The research quan- tiffed systematic transitions through the ＂loss＂ and ＂gain＂ of the different categories of landscape during the eighteen-year study period of the Ecuadorian Amazon Region （EAR）, the forest fragmentation patterns were also analyzed based on a set of indicators. Therefore, with respect to the entirety of the landscape, the results registered for the ground coverage in forested areas during the first period （1990-2000）, show a decrease of 6.99% and an increase of 0.68%; and during the second period （2000-2008）, show a decrease of 3.99% and an increase of 2.14%. It demonstrated that forest and agricultural areas tended to replace or be replaced by herbaceous vegetation faster than expected fortuitously. Finally, the indices of fragmentation signaled intense changes during the 1990-2000 period with a reduction during the period 2000-2008. Per- centages registered in the Largest Patch Index （LPI） were between 79.58%; 52.39% and 49.99% respectively; while the Patch Density （PD） varied between 0.04; 0.06 and 0.07. This suggests the propensity of for- est cover to remain intact. The results of this investigation suggest a tendency towards stability in Ecuador＇s Amazon landscape. Within the framework for development and management of this area, the tendency is natural regeneration. This permits a consolidation of the conservation, reforestation, forestation and agricultural forestry plans, programs and systems for the

关键词： Ecuadorian Amazon systematic transitions fragmentation natural regeneration

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Multi-Step Clustering of Smart Meters Time Series:Application to Demand Flexibility Characterization of SME Customers

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 869-907页

作者： santiago Bañales Raquel Dormido Natividad Duro Department of Computer Sciences and Automatic Control Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia(UNED)Madrid28040Spain Iberdrola Innovation Middle East Doha210177Qatar

Customer segmentation according to load-shape profiles using smart meter data is an increasingly important application to vital the planning and operation of energy systems and to enable citizens’participation in the energy *** study proposes an innovative multi-step clustering procedure to segment customers based on load-shape patterns at the daily and intra-daily time *** meter data is split between daily and hourly normalized time series to assess monthly,weekly,daily,and hourly seasonality patterns *** dimensionality reduction implicit in the splitting allows a direct approach to clustering raw daily energy time series *** intraday clustering procedure sequentially identifies representative hourly day-unit profiles for each customer and the entire *** the first time,a step function approach is applied to reduce time series *** attributes embedded in surveys are employed to build external clustering validation metrics using Cramer’s V correlation factors and to identify statistically significant determinants of load-shape in energy *** addition,a time series features engineering approach is used to extract 16 relevant demand flexibility indicators that characterize customers and corresponding clusters along four different axes:available Energy(E),Temporal patterns(T),Consistency(C),and Variability(V).The methodology is implemented on a real-world electricity consumption dataset of 325 Small and Medium-sized Enterprise(SME)customers,identifying 4 daily and 6 hourly easy-to-interpret,well-defined *** application of the methodology includes selecting key parameters via grid search and a thorough comparison of clustering distances and methods to ensure the robustness of the *** research can test the scalability of the methodology to larger datasets from various customer segments(households and large commercial)and locations with different weather and socioeconomic conditio

关键词： Electric load clustering load profiling smart meters machine learning data mining demand flexibility demand response

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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Paths out of poverty:An eclectic and idiosyncratic review of analytical approaches

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 868-879页

作者： Eugenio DÍAZ-bonilla Susana CONSTENLA-VILLOSLADA International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI) WashingtonD.C.20005USA

This paper briefly reviews different debates about approaches for paths out of poverty,considering several views,from the analysis of specific policies to more general or systemic *** contribution of this paper is to present a broad outline of those debates and to serve as an illustration of the complexity of analyzing paths out of *** discusses in sequence,the more microeconomic approach of evaluation of individual policies for poverty alleviation;then it moves to broader issues of growth and development strategies,and macroeconomic policies,and their links to the persistence or reduction of poverty;and finally discusses the topic of institutions,related to how policy decisions are made and enforced in societies at the previous three ***,the concluding section argues that a successful program to eliminate poverty must integrate all levels of individual policies,macroeconomic programs,development strategies and good *** paper hopes to contribute to that crucial work.

关键词： poverty economic growth macroeconomics microeconomics randomized control trials

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TRANSFORMATION OF FOOD SYSTEMS:HOW CAN IT BE FINANCED?

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第1期10卷 109-123页

作者： Eugenio DÍAZ-bonilla Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture(IICA) Washington DC 20006USA International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI) Washington DC 20005USA

The paper provides a review of the work on financing the transformation of food systems done by the author and colleagues at *** analysis discusses the objectives of that transformation(related to the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement)and shows estimates of the costs *** it presents an evaluation of the existing financial flows and their potential scaling up,using a broader view of six main flows involved:two that are internal to food systems(consumer expenditures on food and related items,which are the main source of revenue(as sales)for the variety of actors on the supply side of food systems);and four that are external(international development funds,public budgets,banking systems,and capital markets).The paper notes that although current funding does not reach the scale needed to finance the desired transformation of food systems,there are sufficient potential financial resources available in the aggregate to achieve such ***,to mobilize the existing potential funds the paper discussed several things that need to be done,starting with an adequate macroeconomic and overall incentive framework to guide both the internal flows related to consumption and production decisions,as well as the four external *** paper also suggested other possible interventions to mobilize,reorient,and increase the financial flows to the desired *** further noted that the costs and financing,which in the paper were discussed at the global level,must be estimated at the country level,as part of the design and implementation of adequate national plans for equitable,healthy and sustainable food systems.

关键词： financial markets food systems development financing consumer expenditures public budgets Sustainable Development Goals

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Hepatocellular carcinoma chemoprevention in chronic hepatitis B patients:all-in on statins?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第5期9卷 676-678页

作者： JoséUrsic-bedoya Boris Guiu Department of Hepatology St-Eloi University HospitalMontpellierFrance Department of Radiology St-Eloi University HospitalMontpellierFrance

Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)affects approximately 257 million individuals worldwide,the highest prevalence being in Western Pacific WHO Region[6.2%(1)].In highly endemic CHB regions,the 5-year cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)ranges from 3%to 17%,depending on the presence of cirrhosis(2).Antiviral treatment decreases the risk of HCC,without abolishing it completely(3).Paradoxically,by decreasing liver-related mortality,antiviral treatment in CHB patients causes an increase in HCC long-term incidence(4).

关键词： prevention patients mortality

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Deduction and Validation of an Eulerian-Eulerian Model for Turbulent Dilute Two-Phase Flows by Means of the Phase Indicator Function-Disperse Elements Probability Density Function

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2000年第3期8卷 189-202页

作者： santiago Laín Ricardo Aliod MVT-UST Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften Martin-Luther-UniversitatHalle-WittenbergD-06099Halle(Saale)GermanyFluid Mechanica DepartmentE.U.Politecnica de Huesca.University of ZaragozaCarretera Zaragoza km.6722071 HuescaSpain

A statistical formalism overcoming some conceptual and practical difficulties arising in existing two-phase flow (2PHF) mathematical modelling has been applied to propose a model for dilute 2PHF turbulent Hows. Phase interaction terms with a clear physical meaning enter the equations and the formalism provides some guidelines for the avoidance of closure assumptions or the rational approximation of these terms. Continuous phase averaged continuity, momentum, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate equations have been rigorously and systematically obtained in a single step. These equations display a structure similar to that for single-phase flows. It is also assumed that dispersed phase dynamics is well described by a probability density function (pdf) equation and Eulerian continuity, momentum and fluctuating kinetic energy equations for the dispersed phase are deduced. An extension of the standard k-e turbulence model for the continuous phase is used. A gradient transport model is adopted for the dispersed phase fluctuating fluxes of momentum and kinetic energy at the non-colliding, large inertia limit. This model is then used to predict the behaviour of three axisymmetric turbulent jets of air laden with solid particles varying in size and concentration. Qualitative and quantitative numerical predictions compare reasonably well with the three different sets of experimental results, studying the influence of particle size, loading ratio and flow confinement velocity.

关键词： two-phase flow turbulence phase indicator function pdf ensemble average jet

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Image classification on smart agriculture platforms:Systematic literature review

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第3期13卷 1-17页

作者： Juan Felipe Restrepo-Arias John W.Branch-bedoya Gabriel Awad Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas e Ingeniería Universidad EAFIT050022 MedellínColombia Facultad de Minas Universidad Nacional de Colombia050041 Sede MedellínColombia

In recent years,smart agriculture has gained strength due to the application of industry 4.0 technologies in *** a result,efforts are increasing in proposing artificial vision applications to solvemany ***,many of these applications are developed *** academic works have proposed solutions integrating image classification techniques through IoT *** this reason,this paper aims to answer the following research questions:(1)What are themain problems to be solvedwith smart farming IoT platforms that incorporate images?(2)What are the main strategies for incorporating image classification methods in smart agriculture IoT platforms?and(3)What are the main image acquisition,preprocessing,transmission,and classification technologies used in smart agriculture IoT platforms?This study adopts a Systematic Literature Review(SLR)*** searched Scopus,Web of Science,IEEE Xplore,and Springer Link databases from January 2018 to July *** we could identify five domains corresponding to(1)disease and pest detection,(2)crop growth and health monitoring,(3)irrigation and crop protectionmanagement,(4)intrusion detection,and(5)fruits and plant *** are three types of strategies to integrate image data into smart agriculture IoT platforms:(1)classification process in the edge,(2)classification process in the cloud,and(3)classification process *** main advantage of the first is obtaining data in real-time,and its main disadvantage is the cost of *** the other hand,the main advantage of the second is the ability to process high-resolution images,and its main disadvantage is the need for high-bandwidth ***,themixed strategy can significantly benefit infrastructure investment,butmostworks are experimental.

关键词： Smart agriculture Artificial vision Internet of things Artificial intelligence

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CFD modelling:The most useful tool for developing mesoscale urban canopy parameterizations

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 407-419页

作者： Riccardo Buccolieri Jose Luis santiago Alberto Martilli Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche edAmbientali University ofSalentoS.P.6 Lecce-MonteroniLecce 73700Italy Environment Department Research Center for EnergyEnvironment and Technology(CIEMAT)Madrid 28040Spain

1 Introduction The fact that most of the world’s population lives in cities(UN-Habitat 2016)has increased interest in urban *** models,such as the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model(***/weather-research-and-forecasting-model),are used to reproduce the meteorology and climatology over cities and around them,where the complex interactions between the atmosphere and urban surfaces(buildings,vegetation,urban obstacles,etc.)induce strong heterogeneity in the flow properties within the urban canopy layer(UCL)(Di Sabatino et al.2013;Lateb et al.2016;Tominaga and Stathopoulos 2016).

关键词： meteorology urban forecasting

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Conservation laws for energy and momentum in curved spaces

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第4期8卷 665-668页

作者： LóPEZ-bonilla J. MORALES J. OVANDO G. Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research Superior School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringNational Polytechnic InstituteCP 07738Mexico Division of Basic Sciences and Engineering Autonomous Metropolitan UniversityCP 02200Mexico

In arbitrary Riemannian 4-spaces, continuity equations are constructed which could be interpreted as conservation laws for the energy and momentum of the gravitational field. Special attention is given to general relativity to obtain, of natural manner, the pseudotensors of Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Moeller, Goldberg and Stachel, and also the conservation equations of Komar, Trautman, DuPlessis and Moss.

关键词： Noether theorem Lagrangians in curved spaces Energy and momentum in Riemannian spaces Rund-Lovelock identities

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