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Changes in Microfungal Community in Cherrapunji—The Wettest Patch on Earth as Influenced by Heavy Rain and Soil Degradation

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 456-464页

作者： Purabi Saikia santa ram joshi Microbiology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong India

As part of a long time analysis to examine the ecological impacts of heavy rain coupled to soil degradation, soil fungal communities from two closely spaced sites bearing distinct ecology—one receiving heaviest rainfall but degraded patch on earth and the other pristine sacred grove forest were investigated over a period of three years. Cherrapunji besides being highest rainfall receiving area, is characterized by complete deforestation and soil erosion with sparse grasses forming the surface growth, whereas the sacred forests are conserved in their pristine nature due to religious beliefs of the indigenous tribes. The effect of deforestation and land degradation on soil microbes, soil organic carbon, soil nitrate nitrogen, soil pH, soil temperature, and fungal CFU/g were investigated from the two contrasting sites. The sites showed great variability in physical and chemical parameters including soil composition, temperature, pH, soil carbon, nitrogen content, water availability and enzyme activities. The population count of fungi was higher in sacred forest soil than degraded land of Cherrapunji. In both soil types, Penicillium perpurogenum markedly dominated and the co-dominant species (Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Trichoderma sp.) were common in both virgin and degraded soils. A total of 63 species were identified during the study period. The species composition between the two sites showed some variation as Syncephalastrum sp., S. chartarum, Gliocladium sp., Eupenicillium osmophilum and Eurotium sp. were not present in Cherrapunji. The undisturbed sacred forest fungal communities had significantly higher Simpson, Shannon and evenness indices than that of degraded soil of Cherrapunji. The prolonged anthropogenic activity in the area leading to degradation coupled with heavy rainfall has decreased the diversity level of fungal communities and masked the pristine differentiating effect of soil on the fungal community.

关键词： Microfungal Diversity Sacred Forest Heaviest Rainfall Area Degraded Land Cherrapunji

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Bacterial Biofilm in Water Bodies of Cherrapunjee: The Rainiest Place on Planet Earth

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 465-475页

作者： Subhro Banerjee Sudha Rai Barnali Sarma santa ram joshi Microbiology Laboratory Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North-Eastern Hill University Shillong India

Bacterial attachment is influenced by the cell surface, attachment media and other environmental factors. Bacterial community composition involved in biofilm formation in extremely high rainfall areas like Cherrapunjee has not been reported. The present study was undertaken to characterize bacteria involved in biofilm formation on different substrata in water bodies of Cherrapunjee, the highest rainfall receiving place on planet earth and to assess if the continuous rainfall has an effect on nature and colonization of biofilm bacteria. We developed the biofilm bacteria on stainless steel and glass surfaces immersed in water bodies of the study sites. Isolation of biofilm bacteria were performed on different culture media followed by estimation of protein and carbohydrate content of bacterial exopolysaccharides. 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified for molecular characterization. The results showed that the biofilm bacterial diversity in water bodies of Cherrapunjee was influenced by substratum and was observed more in stainless steel than glass surface. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that biofilm microstructure may represent a key determinant of biofilm growth and physiology of associated bacteria. The overall protein content of the extracted EPS of all the isolates were relatively higher than the carbohydrate content. Diverse bacteria proliferated on the substrata regardless of each other's presence, with more diverse bacteria colonizing the substrata on 7th day compared to 15th day of incubation. The biofilm bacteria compositions in the highest rainfall receiving habitat were not distinctly different from reports available, hence not unique from other water bodies.

关键词： Cherrapunjee Rainiest Place Water Bodies Bacterial Biofilm 16S rDNA EPS

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Changes in Microfungal Community in Cherrapunji—The Wettest Patch on Earth as Influenced by Heavy Rain and Soil Degradation

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Advances in Microbiology（微生物学） 2012年第4期

作者： Purabi Saikia santa ram joshi

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尼泊尔桑可西河流域新格地子流域滑坡评价

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第2期15卷 431-438页

作者： BASNET Bhuwan joshi Rajeev SHARMA ram Prasad SUBEDI Rajan 特里布万大学林业研究所(博卡拉校区) 尼泊尔博卡拉33700 尼泊尔农林大学自然资源管理学院林学系尼泊尔卡塔里56310

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害,主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡,下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失,并导致生态系统生产力和功... 详细信息

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害,主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡,下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失,并导致生态系统生产力和功能下降,河道泥沙淤积。土地利用与土地覆被、地形、道路、排水、地质环境和降雨等多种空间因素与滑坡的发生紧密相关,并决定了该地区滑坡的易感性。了解滑坡现象及其引发的相关因素,对于采取适当的预防、控制和恢复措施至关重要。本研究在尼泊尔桑科西河流域的新格地子流域进行,旨在了解滑坡危害、引发的相关因素以及为最大限度地减少可能的危害而采取的最佳预防策略。滑坡评估是通过使用时序谷歌影像和实地调查,对滑坡体进行识别和数字化来进行的。利用GIS软件对滑坡危险性进行评估,编制影响因子图,并对现场观测数据进行分析的基础上,计算了滑坡的规模。此外,在相关家庭的问卷调查(n=60)中,进行目的性抽样,探讨人们对山体滑坡、对生计资产的主要影响因素的看法。并采用Friedman非参数检验评估滑坡对当地人感知的最主要影响因素。根据现场调查,在研究区域的不同位置共调查了46处滑坡体,滑坡总面积为4.77km^(2)。通过使用Friedman检验的比较矩阵分析,本研究确定了滑坡发生的主要原因是农村道路、施工、边坡因素、降雨和土地利用与土地覆被。距离道路200-500 m造成最高比率的滑坡灾害,东南方向坡度30°-45°的山体对滑坡的易感性最高。与其他土地利用相比,因为在林内松软地区修建道路,茂密的森林更易受到山体滑坡的影响。比较道路建设前后滑坡的影响,约80%的受访者认为对滑坡有重要影响。

关键词：滑坡灾害滑坡评估滑坡因素分析

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Bacterial Biofilm in Water Bodies of Cherrapunjee: The Rainiest Place on Planet Earth

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Advances in Microbiology（微生物学） 2012年第4期

作者： Subhro Banerjee Sudha Rai Barnali Sarma santa ram joshi

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MicroRNA-630:A promising avenue for alleviating inflammation in diabetic kidney disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1398-1403页

作者： Javier Donate-Correa Ainhoa González-Luis Jésica Díaz-Vera Juan ramón Hernandez-Fernaud Research Unit University Hospital Nuestra Señora de Candelaria(UHNSC)Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010Spain Department of Biochemistry MicrobiologyCell Biology and GeneticsInstituto de Tecnologías BiomédicasUniversidad de La LagunaSanta Cruz de Tenerife 38000Spain

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is one of the complications of diabetes,affecting millions of people *** relentless progression of this condition can lead to kidney failure,requiring life-altering interventions such as dialysis or *** evidence suggests that immunologic and inflammatory elements play an important role in initiating and perpetuating the damage inflicted on renal tissues,exacerbating the decline in organ ***-like receptors(TLRs)are a family of receptors that play a role in the activation of the innate immune system by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular *** data from in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the critical role of TLRs,mainly TLR2 and TLR4,in the pathogenesis of *** the diabetic milieu,these TLRs recognize diabetic-associated molecular signals,triggering a proinflammatory cascade that initiates and perpetuates inflammation and fibrogenesis in the diabetic *** non-traditional strategies targeting TLR signaling with potential therapeutic implications in DKD have been *** of these approaches is the use of microRNAs,small non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene *** editorial comments on the results of this approach carried out in a rat model of diabetes by Wu et al,published in this issue of the World Journal of *** results of the experimental study by Wu et al shows that microRNA-630 decreased levels compared to non-diabetic ***,microRNA-630 exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the kidneys of diabetic rats through the modulation of *** findings indicate that the microRNA-630/TLR4 axis might represent a pathological mechanism of DKD and a potential therapeutic target capable of curbing the destructive inflammation characteristic of DKD.

关键词： Diabetes Diabetic kidney disease Inflammation Toll-like receptor 4 microRNA-630

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尼泊尔桑可西河流域新格地子流域滑坡评价（英文）

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第2期 431-438页

作者： BASNET Bhuwan joshi Rajeev SHARMA ram Prasad SUBEDI Rajan 特里布万大学林业研究所(博卡拉校区) 尼泊尔农林大学自然资源管理学院林学系

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害，主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡，下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失，并导致生态系统生产力和... 详细信息

山体滑坡是尼泊尔山区的主要灾害，主要是由于其脆弱的地貌、强烈的降雨、不当的土地管理和在修建山区道路过程中没有采取必要的稳定措施所导致的。由于频繁的山体滑坡，下游地区人类的生命财产遭受了巨大损失，并导致生态系统生产力和功能下降，河道泥沙淤积。土地利用与土地覆被、地形、道路、排水、地质环境和降雨等多种空间因素与滑坡的发生紧密相关，并决定了该地区滑坡的易感性。了解滑坡现象及其引发的相关因素，对于采取适当的预防、控制和恢复措施至关重要。本研究在尼泊尔桑科西河流域的新格地子流域进行，旨在了解滑坡危害、引发的相关因素以及为最大限度地减少可能的危害而采取的最佳预防策略。滑坡评估是通过使用时序谷歌影像和实地调查，对滑坡体进行识别和数字化来进行的。利用GIS软件对滑坡危险性进行评估，编制影响因子图，并对现场观测数据进行分析的基础上，计算了滑坡的规模。此外，在相关家庭的问卷调查(n=60)中，进行目的性抽样，探讨人们对山体滑坡、对生计资产的主要影响因素的看法。并采用Friedman非参数检验评估滑坡对当地人感知的最主要影响因素。根据现场调查，在研究区域的不同位置共调查了46处滑坡体，滑坡总面积为4.77km2。通过使用Friedman检验的比较矩阵分析，本研究确定了滑坡发生的主要原因是农村道路、施工、边坡因素、降雨和土地利用与土地覆被。距离道路200-500 m造成最高比率的滑坡灾害，东南方向坡度30°-45°的山体对滑坡的易感性最高。与其他土地利用相比，因为在林内松软地区修建道路，茂密的森林更易受到山体滑坡的影响。比较道路建设前后滑坡的影响，约80%的受访者认为对滑坡有重要影响。

关键词：滑坡灾害滑坡评估滑坡因素分析

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Electrodeposited Ni-W-TiC Composite Coatings:Effect of TiC Reinforcement on Microstructural and Tribological Properties

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2020年第4期33卷 573-582页

作者： Jin Hyuk Choi Gobinda Gyawali Dhani ram Dhakal Bhupendra joshi Soo Wohn Lee Department of Materials Metal Engineering Sun Moon University31460 AsanSouth Korea Department of Fusion Science and Technology Sun Moon UniversityTangjeong Myeon31460 AsanChungnamSouth Korea Department of Environmental and Bio-Chemical Engineering Sun Moon University31460 AsanSouth Korea

Ni-W-TiC composite coatings were prepared via electrodeposition technique by dispersing the different amount of TiC particles into the plating *** Ni-W and Ni-W-TiC composite coatings containing different concentrations of TiC particles were characterized by using the scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction technique,Vickers microhardness test,surface roughness test,and tribology *** results show that the Ni-W coatings containing reinforced TiC particles have shown a typical FCC Ni-W crystal structure with significantly higher Vickers *** amount of dispersed TiC particles into the plating bath considerably affected codeposition weight percent of TiC into the Ni-W matrix,as revealed by the EDS ***-W-TiC samples demonstrated the decreased abrasive wear as compared to Ni-W coating and no characteristic features observed for the adhesive ***,an improvement in coefficient of friction was observed in Ni-W-TiC composite coating as compared to Ni-W coating.

关键词： Ni-W alloy Composite coating Microhardness Wear Coefficient of friction

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Seasonal variations in species diversity, dry matter and net primary productivity of herb layer of Quercus leucotrichophora-Pinus roxburghii mixed forest in Kumaun Himalaya, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 223-228页

作者： Mukesh joshi Y.S.Rawat J.ram Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Post Box-59H.N.B.Garhwal UniversitySrinagar(Garhwal)-246174UttarakhandIndia Department of Botany D.S.B.CampusKumaun UniversityNainital263002UttarakhandIndia Department of Forestry and Environmental Science D.S.B.CampusKumaun UniversityNainital-263002UttarakhandIndia

Plant biomass, species diversity and net primary productivity are presented for herb layer of banj oak （Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus）-chir pine （Pinus roxburghii Sarg.） mixed forest in Kumaun, central Himalaya, India. The species diversity declined from a maximum （3.56） in September to a minimum （2.11） in December. The monthly live shoots biomass exhibited a single peak growth pattern with highest live shoot biomass of 185 g·m^-2 in August. The seasonal pattem showed that the maximum above-ground production （131 g·m^-2） occurred during the rainy season and the minimum （1 g·m^-2） during winter season. The be- low-ground production was maximum during winter season （84 g·m^2） and minimum during summer season （34 g＇m＇2）. The annual net shoot production was 171 g·^2m^-1 and total below-ground production was 165 g·m^2. Of the total input 61% was channeled to above-ground parts and 39% to below-ground parts. Transfer of live shoots to dead shoots compartments and that of dead shoots to litter compartments was 61% and 66%, respectively. The total dry matter disappearance was 61% of the total input within annual cycle. The herb layer showed a net accumulation of organic matter, indicating the seral nature of the community.

关键词： above ground production below ground production litter mass phytomass tumover rate

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Formulation development of multi unit particulate system(MUPS) for anti-diabetic drugs

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 77-78页

作者： Surendra Agrawal Ketaki joshi ram Gaud SPPSPTM SVKMs NMIMS Vile Parle (W)

Metformin hydrochloride and sitagliptin phosphate is the common combination among diabetic *** dosage forms cannot avoid the dose dumping which leads to the complication such as lactic acidosis,gastrointestinal complication,and severe *** hydrochloride has a very short half-life,i.e.4 hrs,and thus fails to give action for the long *** leads to the increase number of dosings per ***-unit formulations contain the active ingredient within the single tablet or capsule,whereasmultiple-unit dosage forms comprise a number of discrete particles that are combined into one dosage unit.

关键词： Sitagliptin Metformin sustain release matrix pellets MUPs

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