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Morbidity and Mortality of Newborns in a Context of Limited Resources in Tombouctou, Mali

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期14卷 841-850页

作者： Kassogué Djibril Cissouma Assétou Kassogué Abdoulaye Boré Boubacar Sogoba Robert Diallo Zoumana Maiga Talfi Dolo Akoro Sogoba Seydou Touré Lahaou Maiga Mariam Samaké Alou Mariko Souleymane Ongoiba oumar sanogo oumar Traoré Bassirima Paediatrics Department Timbuktu Hospital Timbuktu Mali Paediatrics Department Sikasso Hospital Sikasso Mali Paediatrics Department Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Sgou Mali Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology CHU du Point G Bamako Mali Department of Paediatrics Commune VI District Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Worldwide, 2.3 million children died in the first 20 days after birth in 2022, according to the WHO. In Mali, according to the sixth Demographic and Health Survey, the neonatal mortality rate was estimated at 33% live births in 2018. The Timbuktu region had the highest neonatal mortality rate in the country with 44%. The objective of this work was to study the causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality and related factors in the paediatrics department of Timbuktu hospital. Materials and method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from 1 January to 31 December 2023 in the neonatology unit of the paediatrics department of Timbuktu hospital, including all newborns admitted to hospital. Results: Our study took place over 12 months, during which 618 admissions were made to the paediatric ward, including 244 newborns, i.e. 39.48%. The majority of newborns (86.5%) were admitted in the first week of life. The mean age was 3 days, with a sex ratio of 1.1 for males. Weight under 2500 g was 54.1% for an average weight of 2372 g. The main mode of admission was transfer from the hospital maternity unit (62%). The main reasons for admission were acute foetal distress (27.9%) and prematurity (26.2%). The average age of the mothers was 24, with extremes of 15 and 49. The mothers were housewives (87.3%), uneducated and primiparous (59% and 36.5% respectively);only 40.2% had made more than 3 antenatal care visits. Newborns born by vaginal delivery accounted for 80.7% and those born by caesarean section for 19.3%. The risk of infection was present in 52.5% of cases. The three leading causes of hospitalisation were birth asphyxia (40.2%), neonatal infection (32.4%) and prematurity (25%). The mortality rate was 21.7%. The main causes of death were prematurity (39.6%), birth asphyxia (32.1%) and neonatal infection (24.5%). Conclusion: Neonatal morbidity and mortality remain a concern in Timbuktu. Despite the unfavourable security situation, morbidity and

关键词： Morbidity Mortality Newborns Timbuktu

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Postpartum Family Planning at the Timbuktu Hospital in Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第7期14卷 1074-1082页

作者： Kassogué Djibril Samaké Alou Dolo Akoro Sogoba Seydou Touré Lahaou Cissouma Assetou Kassogué Abdoulaye Maiga Mariam Mariko Souleymane Kantako Karamoko Ongoiba oumar sanogo Ooumar Traoré Bassirima Sidibé Idrissa Mandé Kassambara Youssouf Traoré Halima Timbuktu Hospital Bamako Mali Commune VI Bamako District Hospital Bamako Mali CHU Point G Bamako Bamako Mali Sikasso Hospital Bamako Mali Nianankoro Fomba Sgou Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Postpartum family planning is the prevention of pregnancies during the 12 months following childbirth. Few studies have been devoted to postpartum family planning in Mali. Our work will contribute to reducing unmet need for family planning. Objective: To study the use of contraceptive methods in the postpartum period in the obstetrics and gynecology unit of Timbuktu hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective collection of data from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023. All women who gave birth having chosen and benefited from a contraceptive method were included. The statistical test used was the Fisher test with a significance threshold fixed at 5%. Results: The frequency of contraception in the postpartum period was 17.03%. The average age of clients was 26.14% with extremes of 14 and 45 years. They were paupiparous at 56.4% with an inter-birth interval of less than 12 months at 12.3%. More than half of the counseling (58.5%) was done during postnatal visits. The methods chosen were implants at 48.1%, injectable progestins at 21.3%, intrauterine device at 14.7%, miro-progestin pills at 13.5%, tubal ligation at 1 .4% and condoms at 1%. The regular follow-up rate was 51.1% of cases and 25.6% had no follow-up. Conclusion: The overall rate of postpartum family planning of 17.08% remains low. Improving FP staff skills will reduce unmet needs and contribute to increasing contraceptive prevalence in Timbuktu.

关键词： Family Planning Postpartum Counseling Contraceptive Methods Timbuktu Hospital

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Pericarditis in Cardiology at a Regional Hospital

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第9期14卷 581-587页

作者： Coulibaly Souleymane Traoré Djénébou Konaté Massama B. A. Hamidou oumar Guindo Aissata Yves Roland Koumaré Sidibé Samba Sako Mariam sanogo Alpha Kodio Aniéssa Mahamadou Yaya Kéita Diakité Mamadou Menta Ichaka Department of Cardiology CHU Point G Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine CHU Point G Bamako Mali Mali Hospital Medical Department Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology Gabriel Tour University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Cardiology Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Sgou Mali

Introduction: Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium with or without pericardial fluid effusion. Its prevalence is difficult to determine given the many forms that are not symptomatic. In Africa, its prevalence was 6.3% in Gabon in 2020 and 7.2% in Mali in 2022. In Europe, an Italian study estimates the incidence of acute pericarditis at 27.7 cases per 100,000 people per year. In another study conducted in Finland over a period of 9 years, the incidence of pericarditis requiring hospitalisation was 3.32 cases per 100,000 people per year. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of pericarditis observed in the cardiology department of the regional hospital in Mali. Methodology: This was a single centre cross-sectional study from 30 January 2018 to 30 June 2020 in the cardiology department of the Ségou regional hospital. All consenting patients, regardless of age or sex hospitalised in the department for pericarditis confirmed on cardiac ultrasound were included. Data were collected using an individual patient follow-up form recording sociodemographic, clinical, biological, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, as well as the course of the disease. Results: Out of 879 patients hospitalized, the hospital frequency was 7.28%. Females predominated, with a sex ratio of 0.42. More than half the patients were aged 45 or younger (59.4%). The mean age of patients was 41.8 ± 18.1 years. Cardiovascular risk factors were dominated by hypertension and smoking (46.9% and 12.5% respectively). The reasons for consultation were dyspnoea (84.3%), chest pain (54.7%), cough (71.9%) and fever (34.4%). Physical signs included muffled heart sounds (76.6%), tachycardia (70.3%), pericardial friction (17.2%) and signs of peripheral stasis in 53.1% of cases. We observed elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) in 57.8% of cases, hypercreatininaemia in 37.5% and positive HIV serology in 3.1%. The major radiographic signs were cardiomegal

关键词： Pericarditis Epidemiology Clinic Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Ségou

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A Review on Conductive and Transparent Materials Used in the Design of Transparent Antennas

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Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023年第2期11卷 11-25页

作者： Abdoulaye Sissoko che.ck oumar sanogo Badié Diourté Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako Bamako Mali

In this review, we highlight the essential parameters of some transparent materials for use in the design of transparent antennas. ITO films with a sheet resistance of Rs = 10 Ω/sq and a T = 90% transmittance, we turn to materials that can be serious alternatives for ITO, such as graphene T = 97% for Rs = 60 Ω/sq and the micro-mesh metal. Wire mesh seems to be the best alternative T = 93% for Rs Rs = 0.022 Ω/sq at T = 81%, this is the micrometric pitch mesh.

关键词： Transmittance Resistance by Square Grid Micrometric Mesh

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Simulation and Evaluation of Dust Emission with Polair3D-SIREAM Model over West Africa Focused on Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第1期10卷 80-102页

作者： Bernard Nana oumar sanogo Issoufou Ouarma Antoine Béré Jean Koulidiati Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences (IDS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The study of air pollution is recent in West Africa. There is a lack of data on air pollution. However, some studies conducted in West Africa show that air quality is a concern. Population growth and massive vehicles imports are contributing to the deterioration of this air quality. In this work, we present the modelling of desert aerosols using a CTM Polair3D-SIREAM. The objective is to evaluate the ability of Polair3D-SIREAM to reproduce observations of PM10 and Aerosol Optical Thicknesses (AOT). A simulation with Polair3D-SIREAM was carried out in West Africa, focused on Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) for 2007. The model of Marticorena and Bergametti (1995), MB95, was used to estimate desert aerosols emissions. The total emission of dust modelled is 52.2 Tg. For the evaluation of PM10, the simulated averages remained within the same orders of magnitude as the observed averages. Correlations are low in all the observation sites. The other indicators are similar to those found by Schmechtig et al. (2011). Performance criteria of Boylan and Russel (2006) are met for the observation sites of Ouagadougou and Ilorin (Nigeria). For the AOTs, the correlations are significantly improved, in particular, at the sites of Ouagadougou and Ilorin. Performance criteria of Boylan are met for all observation sites. However, the performance goals are only achieved for Ouagadougou and Ilorin.

关键词： Air Pollution Dust Emission Modelling PM10 Aerosol Optical Thickness Polair3D-SIREAM

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Experimental Study and Modeling of a Convective Dryer for Fruits and Vegetables

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第1期15卷 13-23页

作者： Souleymane Sinon Salifou Tera Kayaba Haro El-Maktoume Djanfar oumar sanogo Sié Kam Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Systèmes d’énergie Renouvelable et Environnement (LASERE) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Modélisation Pluridisciplinaire et Simulations (LAMPS) Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France Laboratoire énergétique de l’équipe d’Accueil Doctoral physique du Globe de l’Energie et de l’Environnement (PGEE) Université d’Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar

The present work deals with the study of the thermal performances of a convective dryer for fruits and vegetables. This dryer, operating with energy generated from the combustion of biomass in a boiler connected to a water/air heat exchanger could be a solution to the problematic of energy related to drying. An experimental and theoretical study is carried out on the temperature profile inside the dryer. For this purpose, 10.3 kg of tomatoes were dried on the experimental setup. The operation lasted about 16 hours and reduced the moisture content from 93.8% to 12% in wet basis. The overall thermal efficiency of the convective dryer during the trial is 10.76%. For the theoretical study, the dryer components (boiler, water/air exchanger and drying chamber) are first modeled individually;the different sub-programs are then coupled to form the convective dryer program. The method of global heat balances combined with the one called “ε-NUT” is used. The set of equations is discretized using the implicit method of finite differences, then solved with the Gauss algorithm in Fortran 90. The theoretical results obtained are in good agreement with those measured.

关键词： Energy Drying Biomass Boilers Fruits and Vegetables

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Study Optimization of a Hybrid Solar-Wind System from an Individual in Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1796-1808页

作者： Abdoulaye Compaore Boukaré Ouedraogo Kayaba Haro Rimnogdo Wilfried Ouedraogo Yassia Belem oumar sanogo Institute of Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Norbert ZONGO University Koudougou Burkina Faso University Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This work is a contribution to the study of hybrid systems for converting solar and wind energy into electricity in Burkina Faso. The approach consists of evaluating and analyzing the production of a wind turbine and a solar field in order to optimize the production of all the technologies. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate the operating performance of the installation and to show the complementarity between the two energy sources with regard to temporary and seasonal variations in resources. During nighttime periods or periods of low sunlight, the wind turbine is a good alternative to energy storage by batteries, the output of the wind turbine can be up to 853.76 W. It was also a question of proposing solutions for optimizing the hybrid system through the automation of the hybrid charge regulator. A minimum height of 30 m above the ground has been chosen as the optimum height for the wind turbine.

关键词： Global Solar Flux Hybrid System Energy Conversion PV-Wind Turbine Automation

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Double Arthrodesis, Postero-Medial Release and Posterior Tibial Transfer in One Step in Paralytic Inveterate Equine Varus Foot

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Surgical Science 2023年第2期14卷 122-130页

作者： Kalifa Coulibaly che.ck oumar sanogo Sory Ibrahim Tambassi Aboubacar Diallo Soumana Traore Laye Toure Orthopaedic Trauma Department Kati University Hospital Koulikoro Mali Orthopedic Trauma Department Sikasso Regional Hospital Sikasso Mali

Introduction: Varus equine foot deformity is common in developing countries. The management of these deformities is surgical in adults. Several surgical techniques have been described with more or less satisfactory results. To our knowledge, no study has been performed on the simultaneous association of double arthrodesis, posteromedial release, and posterior tibial transfer in a single operation in inveterate paralytic varus equines feet. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the results obtained. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study from January 01, 2018 to December 31, 2021. It concerned inveterate paralytic varus equines feet operated on by the simultaneous association in a single operative time of double arthrodesis of the foot, posteromedial release of the back foot and transfer of the posterior tibial muscle to the lateral cuneiform. We identified seven patients with a mean age of 22.1 years with extremes of 11 years and 36 years. There were three males and four females. The cause of the deformity was neurological in all cases. All patients had painful walking discomfort and shoeing difficulties. The average time to management was 13.3 years with extremes of 4 and 25 years. The chronology of the interventional steps was posteromedial release, arthrodesis, and transfer of the posterior tibial muscle to the lateral cuneiform. The average postoperative follow-up was 21.7 months with extremes of 6 and 48 months. The parameters studied were the duration of the procedure, complications related to the procedure, muscle strength at the last recoil, consolidation of the arthrodesis, residual pain, patient activity, gait perimeter, stepping, ankle mobility, residual deformity, footwear, protrusion of the transferred tendon, and the possibility of walking on the heel. Final results were graded according to the Angus and Cowell criteria. Results: No intraoperative complications were noted. An early superficial infection of the surgical site

关键词： Arthrodesis Foot Ankle Posterior Tibial Muscle Equine Varus

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Hygrothermal Study of a House Made of Local Biosourced Materials Based on Clay: Experimental Study

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第1期13卷 60-75页

作者： Sayouba Sandwidi Abdoulaye Compaore Kayaba Haro Téré Dabilgou Souleymane Sinon oumar sanogo Jean Koulidiati Antoine Bere Laboratoire de physique et de chimie de l’environnement (LPCE) Doctoral School of Science and Technology (ED/ST) University Joseph KI-ZERBO (UJKZ) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSAT/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniaré Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Formation and Research Unit in Exact and Applied Sciences (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire d’Energie Thermique et Renouvelable (LETRE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The purpose of this study is to experimentally analyze the thermal behavior of the walls of a prototype experimental house. A Datalogger and thermocouples were used on the experimental house to determine the temperatures of the exterior and interior walls. Also, “MSR” type HygroPuce was used to determine the exterior and interior temperatures and relative humidity of the habitat. The results show that a wall made of bio-based materials with a mixture of “earth + Hibiscus cannabinus L. fibers” allows reducing the fluctuations of the interior temperatures. We observe the peaks of temperatures on the external walls at 11:00 am and for the interior walls, the peaks are observed at 5:00 pm. The maximum thermal phase shift between the peaks of the external and internal temperatures is about 7.5 hours, and the maximum damping factor is 0.9. Also, we note that the thermal performance of the material used in the design of the envelope of the house is determined by the improvement of the response of the envelope in front of the external thermal solicitations.

关键词： Thermal Dephasing Damping Factor Thermal Comfort Bioclimatic House

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Experimental Study on Performance and Combustion Analysis of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel and Jatropha Oil Blended with Heptane

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Energy and Power Engineering 2021年第1期13卷 1-16页

作者： Yomi Woro Gounkaou Tizane Daho Ali Diane Gilles Vaitilingom Bruno Piriou Jeremy Valette oumar sanogo Antoine Béré Département de Physique Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Biomasse Bois Energie Bioproduits Montpellier France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This work focuses on blending Jatropha oil with diesel fuel and heptane to improve its physico-chemical characteristics for production of blends and their use as fuel in a diesel engine. The influence of the heptane content was evaluated by comparing the results obtained from the engine (performance and combustion parameters) with those of the diesel fuel and straight Jatropha oil. The results obtained show an improvement in engine performance especially at low loads. Specifically, a reduction in the specific fuel consumption of the engine is obtained when the heptane content in the mixture is around 10% compared to that obtained with pure Jatropha oil. The best results were obtained with the blend containing 70% Jatropha oil, 20% diesel fuel and 10% heptane (J70G20H10). Overall engine efficiency and exhaust gas temperatures are comparable for all fuels tested. Engine combustion parameters are improved with J70G20H10. The results obtained with J70G20H10 are close to those of the engine operating on diesel fuel. The cyclic dispersion is low with coefficients of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP) whose values are less than 10%. The lowest values of the COVIMEP are obtained with the blend J70G20H10.

关键词： Diesel Engine Jatropha Oil Heptane Blends Engine Performance Cyclic Dispersion

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