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MOSFET-like cNFET based logic gate library for low-power application:a comparative study

Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第7期35卷 112-124页

作者： P.A.Gowri sankar K.Udhayakumar Department of Electrical Engineering Anna University

The next generation oflogic gate devices are expected to depend upon radically new technologies mainly due to the increasing difficulties and limitations of existing cMOS technology. MOSFET like cNFETs should ideally be the best devices to work with for high-performance VLS1. This paper presents results of a comprehensive comparative study of MOSFET-like carbon nanotube field effect transistors （cNFETs） technology based logic gate library for high-speed, low-power operation than conventional bulk cMOS libraries. It focuses on comparing four promising logic families namely： complementary-cMOS （c-cMOS）, transmission gate （TG）, complementary pass logic （cPL） and Domino logic （DL） styles are presented. Based on these logic styles, the proposed library of static and dynamic NAND-NOR logic gates, XOR, multiplexer and full adder functions are implemented efficiently and carefully analyzed with a test bench to measure propagation delay and power dissipation as a function of supply voltage. This analysis provides the right choice of logic style for low-power, high-speed applications. Proposed logic gates libraries are simulated using Synopsys HSPIcE based on the standard 32 nm cNFET model. The simulation results demonstrate that, it is best to use c-cMOS logic style gates that are implemented in cNFET technology which are superior in performance compared to other logic styles, because of their low average powerdelay-product （PDP）. The analysis also demonstrates how the optimum supply voltage varies with logic styles in ultra-low power systems. The robustness of the proposed logic gate library is also compared with conventional and state-art of cMOS logic gate libraries.

关键词： cNFET digital integrated circuits logic gate design low-voltage low-power logic styles

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Development and validation of a high throughput UPLc–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of esomeprazole,rabeprazole and levosulpiride in human plasma

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第3期6卷 190-198页

作者： Raja Haranadha Babu chunduri Gowri sankar Dannana School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada 533003 Andhra Pradesh India A.U. college of Pharmaceutical Sciences Andhra University Vishakapamam 530003 Andhra Pradesh. India

A high throughput ultra pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （UPLc-MS/MS） method with good sensitivity and selectivity has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of esomeprazole, rabeprazole and levosulpiride in human plasma using lansoprazole as internal standard （IS）. The extraction method based on liquid-liquid extraction technique was used to extract the analytes and IS from of 50 μL of human plasma using methyl tert-butyl ether：ethyl acetate （80：20, v/v）, which offers a high recovery. chromatographic separation of analytes and IS was achieved on a Hypersil gold c18 column using gradient mobile phase consisting of 2 mM ammonium formate/acetonitrile. The flow rate was set at 0.5 mL/min to elute all the analytes and IS within 1.00 min runtime. Detection of target compounds was performed on a triple quadruple mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode via positive electrospray ionization （ESI）. Method validation results demonstrated that the developed method has good precision and accuracy over the concentration ranges of 0.1-2000 ng/mL for each analyte. Stability of compounds was established in a battery of stability studies, i.e., bench top, autosampler, dry extract and long-term storage stability as well as freeze-thaw cycles. The validated method has been successfully applied to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmaco- kinetic studies.

关键词： Esomeprazole Rabeprazole Levosulpiride UPLc-MS/MS Pharmacokinetic studies

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Tectonic juxtaposition of crust and continental growth during orogenesis: Example from the Rengali Province, eastern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 537-555页

作者： sankar Bose Susmita Guha Gautam Ghosh Kaushik Das Joydip Mukhopadhyay Department of Geology Presidency University Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science Hiroshima University PPM Research Group Department of Geology University of Johannesburg

The southern houndary of the Singhbhum craton witnessed multiple orogenies that juxtaposed thin slice of granulite suite of the Rengali Province against the low-grade granite-greenstone belt of the craton along the E-W trending Sukinda Thrust. The strong southerly dipping mylonitic foliation within the granulites along with the pronlinent down-dip mineral lineation, suggest a northerly-verging thrusting. Mylonitized charnockite at the contact zone contains enclaves of mafic and ultranlafic granulite, whereas granitoid gneiss contains enclaves of pelitic granulite. Mafic granulite enclaves preserve an early （SiM） foliation that formed during DiM deformation. This rock, along with the host charnockite, were intensely deformed by the D2M thrusting event and resulting S2M foliation development in both rock suites. Geothermobaronietric and pseudosection analyses show that the garnet-clinopyroxene-plagioclase- orthopyroxene-ihllenite-quartz assemblage in mafic granulite was stabilized at high-pressure and temperature conditions （10 12 kbar, 860 c） and was overprinted by a fine-grained assemblage of cli- nopyroxene-plagioclase J hornblende that developed during deconlpression （down to 5.5-7.5 I〈bar）. Matrix hornblende shows incipient breakdown to garnet-clinopyroxene-quartz intergrowth due to a granulite facies reworking. A contrasting P-T history is preserved in the pelitic granulite. The peak assemblage garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite-quartz-rutile was stabilized at -6.0 kbar, 730 c which resulted flom heating of the mid crust magma during the D2M thrusting. The contrasting P-T histories could result flonl the tectonic juxtaposition of lowerand mid-crustal section during the D2M event. Evidences of an early orogenic imprint within the mafic granulite imply involvement of deep continental crust during southward growth of the Singhbhum craton.

关键词： Singhbhunl cratonRengali Province Granulite enclave Tectonic juxtaposition

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Effect of land cover on channel form adjustment of headwater streams in a lateritic belt of West Bengal(India)

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International Soil and Water conservation Research 2016年第4期4卷 267-277页

作者： Suvendu Roy Abhay sankar Sahu Department of Geography University of KalyaniKalyaniNadia 741235West BengalIndia

Present work is exploring the influence of land cover on channel morphology in 34 headwater catchments of the lateritic belt of West ***-parametric tests(Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis)and multivariate analysis(Principal component Analysis and canonical Discriminant Function models)have successfully differentiated the performance of land cover on channel morphology adjustment among the three groups of headwater streams(forested,transitional,and agricultural)on the Kunur River Basin(KRB).Spatial Interpolation Techniques reveal that intense land-use change,particularly forest conversion to agricultural land,is significantly increasing channel widths(269%)and cross-section area(78%),whereas agricultural channels become shallower(40%)than would be predicted from forested *** with the dominance of forest and agricultural land are classified as‘c′and‘B′types of streams respectively,as per Rosgen's Stream classification ***,the work claimed that transitional stream group is the definitive area to exaggerate the river restoration plan to stabilize the anthropogenic deformation on channel morphology.

关键词： Headwater streams Land cover channel Morphology canonical discriminant function Spatial interpolation techniques

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One-step fabrication of ultrathin layered 1T@2H phase MoS2 with high catalytic activity based counter electrode for photovoltaic devices

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第16期47卷 94-101页

作者： K.Silambarasan J.Archana S.Harish M.Navaneethan R.sankar Ganesh S.Ponnusamy c.Muthamizhchelvan K.Hara Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory Department of Physics and NanotechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Nanotechnology Research center(NRc) Faculty of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Research Institute of Electronics Shizuoka University3-5-1 JohokuNaka-KuHamamatsuShizuoka432-8011Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University3-5-1 JohokuNaka-KuHamamatsuShizuoka432-8011Japan

The metallic phase of molybdenum disulfide(M-MoS2)and semiconductor phase of molybdenum disulfide(S-MoS2)was synthesized by hydrothermal method,using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(cTAB)as a *** structural and elemental composition confirmed the formation of M-MoS2 and *** the morphological analysis layered nanosheets with an inter-layered distance of 0.62 nm for M-MoS2 and 0.95 nm for S-MoS2 was ***-transform infrared(FT-IR)spectral analysis was used to investigate the existence of cTAB functional *** peak at 885 cm-1 attributed to the cH3 bond which confirmed the presence of cTAB in the *** anodic and cathodic peak separation(Epp)values of the counter electrode(cE)has showed at 468.28 mV(M-MoS2)and 540.87 mV(S-MoS2).The M-MoS2 thin film shows higher catalytic activity when compared to S-MoS2 due to more active sites and electronic *** power conversion efficiency of M-MoS2 cE based device exhibits higher efficiency compared to S-MoS2 cE based device.

关键词： M-MoS2 S-MoS2 Layered nanosheet catalytic Power conversion

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Subjective Global Assessment as a Pre-Operative Nutrition Status Screening Tool for Head and Neck cancer Patients of a Tertiary Health care Setting

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Journal of cancer Therapy 2022年第8期13卷 539-548页

作者： Snany Surendran Uma V. sankar Santhoshkumar Nochikkattil Reena cheekapravan Narayanankutty Warrier Sajith Babu Department of Nutrition Oncology MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute Kozhikkode India Department of clinical Research MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute Kozhikkode India Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute Kozhikkode India Department of clinical Nutrition & Dietetics Malabar Cancer Centre Kannur India Department of Medical Oncology MVR Cancer Centre & Research Institute Kozhikkode India Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology Malabar Cancer Centre Kannur India

Introduction: In India, 57% of patients with head and neck cancers are documented with nutritional compromise. Active nutritional support has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce the cost of treatment in severely malnourished patients. The assessment of nutritional status should be a priority when initiating medical nutrition therapy. We evaluated the agreement between Subjective and Objective evaluation of pre-operative nutrition status of head and neck cancer patients in a tertiary cancer centre. Methods: Two hundred and thirty seven head and neck cancer patients who underwent surgery were eligible. The patients included both males (147) and females (90) with age varying between 23 - 88 years. All patients were screened for pre-operative nutrition status objectively as well as subjectively. The association of pre-operative SGA scores (A, B and c) subjectively, and PNS score (0, 1, 2) objectively were tested for statistical significance. Results: The cancer sites included tongue in 82, buccal mucosa in 30, thyroid in 28, alveolus in 18, glottis in 10, RMT in 10, nasal cavity in 9, FOM in 8. The pre-operative nutrition status based on subjective scores are A in 156 (65.8%), B in 75 (32%) and c in 6 (2.5%). The objective parameters obtained on the basis of BMI, % weight loss, PNI and S. albumin values are PNS 0 in 161 (67.9%), PNS 1 in 71 (30%) and PNS 2 in 5 (2.1%) patients. As the kappa coefficient p-0.56, there is moderate agreement between the pre-operative nutrition status subjectively as well as objectively. conclusion: Subjective global assessment is a simple and inexpensive way to screen the pre-operative nutrition status when compared to the other objective assessment tool. SGA has moderate agreement with expensive and complicated objective assessment tools. So it can be a reliable tool for assessing the pre-operative nutrition status.

关键词： Subjective Global Assessment Nutrition Assessment Head and Neck cancer

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Formulation and evaluation of novel aspirin nanoparticles loaded suppositories

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Journal of chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013年第3期22卷 259-267页

作者： Ravi sankar V. Dhachinamoorthi D. chandra Shekar K.B. Department of Pharmaceutics C.E.S College of Pharmacy Departments of Pharmaceutics Q.I.S College of Pharmacy Department of chemistry J.N.T.A University

The main objective of the present work is to design aspirin nanoparticles loaded suppositories which will reduce the side effects caused by aspirin suppositories. Aspirin nanoparticles were prepared initially based on ionic-gelation mechanism and lyophilized. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated, and the results confirmed that Fa9 formulation was the best with greater drug entrapment efficiency. Aspirin suppositories were prepared in order to investigate the best base composition. The prepared suppositories were evaluated and FS1, FS3, FS4, FS8, FS11, and FS12 were proved to be the best base compositions based on dissolution performed. The lyophilized aspirin nanoparticles of Fa9 were used to prepare aspirin nanoparticles loaded suppositories. The in vitro results revealed that Fas11 was the best formulation.

关键词：胃癌治疗疗效临床药物

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classical Derivation of Auxiliary Lorentz Transforms: Their Relations with Special Relativity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2012年第10期3卷 1458-1464页

作者： sankar Hajra Indian Physical Society Calcutta India

In this paper we have given a direct deduction of the auxiliary Lorentz transforms from the consideration of Maxwell. In the Maxwell’s theory, if c is considered to be the speed of light in ether space, his equations should be affected on the surface of the moving earth. But curiously, all electromagnetic phenomena as measured on the surface of the moving earth are independent of the movement of this planet. To dissolve this problem, Einstein (1905) assumes that Maxwell’s equations are invariant to all measurers in steady motion which acts as the foundation of Special Relativity. This assumption of Einstein is possible when all four auxiliary Lorentz transforms are real. There is not a single proof that could properly justify Einstein’s assumption. On the contrary it is now known that classical electrodynamics could easily explain all relativistic phenomena rationally.

关键词： Auxiliary Lorentz Transforms Real Lorentz Transforms classical Electrodynamics Special Relativity

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Assessment of Above-and Below-Ground carbon Pools in a Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Ecosystem of Bhopal, India

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chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2020年第4期8卷 60-76页

作者： Subhajit KARMAKAR Bhabani sankar PRADHAN Ankit BHARDWAJ B.K.PAVAN Rishabh cHATURVEDI Pradeep cHAUDHRY Indian Institute of Forest Management

This study estimated 18.35 Mg c/ha in standing biomass of natural forest and 15 Mg c/ha in Hardwickia binata Roxb. plantation in a tropical dry deciduous forest located in the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. The study area of Indian Institute of Forest Management(IIFM), Bhopal,resembled a degraded dry scrubland in 1988 and for over about three decades, the degraded forest recovered remarkably, and ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general at most part of the campus. The study was conducted in 18 randomly laid plots in natural forest and over one-acre(0.405-ha) plantation area of Hardwickia binata for assessing the above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and subsequent carbon content. The lower-diameter classes accounted for the maximum above-ground biomass, basal area and tree density. The forest is predominantly occupied by Leucaena leucocephala, an exotic tree species which showed higher standing biomass carbon storage of 3.79 Mg c/ha followed by Holoptelea integrifolia(2.11 Mg c/ha), Azadirachta indica(1.29 Mg c/ha),Gardenia latifolia(1.26 Mg c/ha) and Lannea coromandelica(1.24 Mg c/ha) besides Hardwickia binata plantation(15 Mg c/ha). It is recommended to plant and promote local native tree species in the urban forests of tropical dry deciduous nature as a means to mitigate climate change effects.

关键词： Above-ground biomass carbon stock basal area urban forest tropical dry deciduous forest carbon dioxide sequestration

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Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from marine gastropod egg capsules and egg masses

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第11期2卷 916-922页

作者： Kaviarasan T Siva sankar R Yogamoorthi A Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Pondicherry University-605014PuducherryIndia

Marine organisms have attracted special attention in the last three decades for their ability to produce interesting pharmacological active *** though all marine organisms have the potential to produce antimicrobial secondary metabolites,the gastropod has the vital sources of secondary metabolites particularly their egg capsule which has the promising antimicrobial secondary *** the present review,we intend to focus on marine secondary metabolites from marine gastropod egg *** following compounds *** c,Aplysianin E, Aplysianin A,Thisaplysianin E and Tyrian purple have been documented in egg capsule of various gastropod and most of the antimicrobial secondary metabolites have not been isolated from the egg capsule because of the odious,and complex chemical *** of the compounds is unknown.

关键词： Egg capsule Gastropod Antimicrobial Marine natural products Secondary metabolites

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