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Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup diagnostics

Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 94-100页

作者： Sunil KANCHI Rohit SHUKLA Archana sharma Pulsed Power and Electromagnetics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreVisakhapatnam 531011India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400085India Beam Technology Development Group Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon *** triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 ev. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.

关键词： coaxial plasma source triple Langmuir probe Faraday cup plasma density plasma temperature

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Optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of spinel chalcogenides HgLa2X4（X=S and Se）:A first-principles study

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1927-1936页

作者： Aparna Dixit Inas A.Ahmed Jisha Annie Abraham Zeinhom M.El-Bahy Mumtaz Manzoor Sajad Ahmad Dar Ramesh sharma Department of Basic Science and Humanities Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid University Department of Physics National Defence Academy Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of Sciences Department of Physics Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalya College Department of Applied Science Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology

We investigated spinel chalcogenides HgLa2（S/Se）4by using density function theory,and scrutinized the structural,optical,electrical,mechanical and thermoelectric transport characteristics of HgLa2（S/Se）4spinel *** enthalpy of formation,energy of cohesion,and energy volume optimum plots were used to obtain the stability as well as the perfect ground state of these *** ductility of these materials was the best illustrated with the help of Poisson's and Pugh's *** band gap results were obtained using Trans and Blaha modified Becke-Johanson potential（TB-mBJ）.Both the materials present semi-conducting nature with direct band gap equal to 1.449 and 0.892 ev respectively for HgLa2S4and *** were also made for optical characteristics with the values of dielectric function,absorption coefficient,optical conductivity,reflectivity,and refractive *** to the findings,both of these materials are suitable for infrared optoelectronic *** materials were found to have promising optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications after their optical properties and transport aspects were *** tiny levels of temperature conductivities,substantial am ounts of power conductivities,the figure of merit（more than unity）,as well as Seebecs coefficients all point to the potential use of both the materials in thermoelectric power generators.

关键词： Density functional theory Direct band gap Optoelectronic Power factor Semiconductors Thermoelectric

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A novel method of water remediation of organic pollutants and industrial wastes by solution- route processed CZTS nanocrystals

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Journal of Materiomics 2021年第5期7卷 904-919页

作者： Pooja Semalti Vikash sharma Shailesh Narain sharma CSIR-National Physical Laboratory(NPL) Dr.K.S.Krishnan RoadNew Delhi110012India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Council of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR)-Human Resource Development Centre(CSIRHRDC)CampusGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India

CZTS(Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)),a P-type semiconductor with a direct bandgap(1.2-1.7ev),earth-abundant,non-toxic,and has a large absorption coefficient makes it extremely useful in optoelectronics and light-harvesting *** this work,CZTS is prepared by an ingenious,cost-effective colloidal route using the‘hotinjection’method with the usage of different *** XRD and Raman spectroscopy shows the single-phase highly crystalline CZTS nanoparticles with kesterite *** TEM results show that the size of CZTS nanoparticles is about 2-5 nm and monodispersity is confirmed by DLS(Dynamic Light Scattering).FTIR confirms the presence of different ligands used in CZTS *** Uv-vis absorption shows the direct bandgap of *** contact angle study shows the hydrophobic nature of as-synthesized CZTS nanoparticles which were further ligand exchanged with L-cysteine hydrochloride to make it hydrophilic to study the photocatalytic degradation activity of organic pollutants and industrial waste in the *** photocatalysis experiments were performed under two conditions:(i)under bare sunlight(Intensity~900 W/m^(2))(ii)focussing the sample under the sunlight via converging lens(1800 W/m^(2)).The photocatalytic efficiencies were then compared and the best photocatalytic efficiency achieved under sunlight was 98.4%for organic pollutants and 75%for industrial waste via converging lens while the corresponding efficiencies with bare sunlight were 98.1% and 73% *** the best of the author’s knowledge,a rapid and highly efficient photocatalysis of CZTS NPs employing a converging lens for water-remediation without the usage of noble&transition-metals has been reported for the first time.

关键词： Photocatalysis Copper zinc tin sulfide(CZTS) Converging lens Industrial waste Hot injection Organic pollutants Nanoparticles TOP TOPO

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Storage technologies for electric vehicles

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第3期7卷 340-361页

作者： Snigdha sharma Amrish KPanwar MMTripathi Department of Electrical Engineering Delh Technological UniversityNew Delhi 110042India Department of Applied Physics Delhi Technological UniversityNew Delhi 110042India

This review article describes the basic concepts of electric vehicles(evs)and explains the developments made from ancient times to till date leading to performance improvement of the electric *** also presents the thorough review of various components and energy storage system(ESS)used in electric *** main focus of the paper is on batteries as it is the key component in making electric vehicles more environment-friendly,cost-effective and drives the evs into use in day to day *** ESS topologies including hybrid combination technologies such as hybrid electric vehicle(Hev),plug-in Hev(PHev)and many more have been *** technologies are based on different combinations of energy storage systems such as batteries,ultracapacitors and fuel *** hybrid combination may be the perspective technologies to support the growth of evs in modern *** advanced charging systems may also play a major role in the roll-out of electric vehicles in the *** general strategies of advanced charging systems are explained to highlight the importance of fast charging time with high amount of power and its cost-effectiveness for electric ***,the battery pack designing calculation is briefly explained along with all mechanical,electrical and environmental battery tests,which helps in the evaluation of ***,this paper also has a brief summarizing with the help of a flow chart,which clearly demonstrates all the parts of electric vehicles in a much simpler way.

关键词： Electric vehicle(ev) Battery electric vehicle(Bev) Hybrid electric vehicle(Hev) Battery

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Performance analysis of SiGe double-gate N-MOSFET

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第4期38卷 38-44页

作者： A.Singh D.Kapoor R.sharma Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vaish College of EngineeringRohtak 124001India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Northern India Engineering CollegeNew Delhi 110053India

The major purpose of this paper is to find an alternative configuration that not only minimizes the limitations of single-gate（SG） MOSFETs but also provides the better replacement for future *** this paper,the electrical characteristics of SiGe double-gate N-MOSFET are demonstrated and compared with electrical characteristics of Si double-gate ***,in this paper the electrical characteristics of Si doublegate N-MOSFET are demonstrated and compared with electrical characteristics of Si single-gate *** simulations are carried out for the device at different operational voltages using Cogenda Visual TCAD ***,we have designed its structure and studied both Id-Vg characteristics for different voltages namely 0.05,0.1,0.5,0.8,1 and 1.5 V and Id-Vd characteristics for different voltages namely 0.1,0.5,1 and 1.5 V at work functions 4.5,4.6 and 4.8 ev for this *** performance parameters investigated in this paper are threshold voltage,DIBL,subthreshold slope,GIDL,volume inversion and MMCR.

关键词： double gate MOSFET DIBL GIDL volume inversion SiGe Genius tool

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CaMoO_4:Dy^(3+),K^+ near White Light Emitting Phosphor:Structural,Optical and Dielectric Properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第7期29卷 633-638页

作者： S.K.sharma S.Dutta S.Som P.S.Mandal Department of Applied Physics Indian School of MinesDhanbad 826004India

Undoped, Dy^3＋ doped and Dy^3＋, K^＋ codoped calcium molybdate phosphors have been synthesized by solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction studies reveal the tetragonal structure of the prepared phosphors having crystallite size 15-50 nm. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） studies reveal the morphology and crystallite size of the prepared phosphors. Photoluminescence studies indicate that there are blue and yellow emissions at 489 and 576 nm, respectively corresponding to Dy^3＋ ion. The introduction of K＋ ion significantly influences the blue and yellow emissions which causes the near white light emission from this codoped phosphor. The intense absorption peak of the codoped phosphor at 210 nm is attributed to the band gap and a shoulder at 240 nm appears due to charge transfer from oxygen ions to neighbouring molybdenum ions. The band gap of the codoped phosphor is calculated as 5.5 ev from the absorption studies. The dielectric properties such as permittivity and dielectric loss are studied as a function of *** The authors are thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi （Government of India） for funding this work under the Project SR/FTP/PS-087/2010.

关键词： X-ray diffraction Photoluminescence Absorption Dielectric

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Role of extracellular vesicles secretion in paclitaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 612-624页

作者： Ashish Kumar Pawan Kumar Mitu sharma Susy Kim Sangeeta Singh Steven J.Kridel Gagan Deep Department of Cancer Biology Atrium Health Wake Forest BaptistWinston-SalemNC 27157USA Division of Pathology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareillyUP 243122India Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center Atrium Health Wake Forest BaptistWinston-SalemNC 27157USA

Aim:The development of chemotherapy resistance is the major obstacle in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer(PCa).Extracellular vesicles(evs)secretion plays a significant role among different mechanisms contributing to ***,inhibition of evs release may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against ***:Paclitaxel(PTX)resistant PCa cells(PC3-R and DU145-R)were treated with GW4869,a known exosome biogenesis *** were isolated from the conditioned media by ExoQuick-based precipitation method and characterized for concentration and size distribution by nanoparticle tracking *** effect of GW4869 treatment on the survival and growth of PCa cells was assessed by MTT,and colony formation assays in vitro,and ectopic PC3-R xenografts in male athymic nude mice in *** effect of other ev biogenesis inhibitors,imipramine and dimethyl amiloride(DMA),treatment was also analyzed on the survival of PC3-R ***:GW4869(10-20μM)treatment of PTX resistant PCa cells significantly reduced the release of small evs(50-100 nm size range)while increasing the release of larger evs(>150 nm in size),and inhibited their ***,GW4869(5-20μM)treatment(24-72h)significantly inhibited the survival of PC3-R cells in a dose-dependent *** observed a similar growth inhibition with both imipramine(5-20μg/mL)and DMA(5-20μg/mL)treatment in PC3-R ***,GW4869 treatment(IP)in mice bearing PC3-R xenografts significantly reduced the tumor weight(65%reduction,P=0.017)compared to the vehicle-treated control mice without causing any noticeable ***:Inhibiting the release of evs could sensitize the resistant PCa cells to chemotherapy.

关键词： Prostate cancer extracellular vesicles GW4869 chemoresistance paclitaxel

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Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Silver Doped Sodium Borate Glasses

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2012年第4期2卷 111-115页

作者： Vandana sharma Supreet Pal Singh Gurmel Singh Mudahar Kulwant Singh Thind Department of Physics Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India Department of Physics Punjabi University Patiala India

Silver doped sodium borate glasses prepared by melt-quenching technique were checked by XRD technique for their amorphous nature. It is observed that the molar volume increases with increasing Ag2O content leading to open struc- ture. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals the formation of BO3 and BO4 groups upon addition of silver oxide as modifier. From the Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectra it is seen that the optical band gap increases with the increase of Ag2O content. Urbach energy is observed between 0.55 - 0.77 ev. The results obtained from molar volume, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and band gap energy measurements are in agreement with each other and nearly give the similar information about the studied glasses.

关键词： Silver Doped Sodium Borate Glasses Optical Band Gap Molar Volume UV-VIS and FTIR Spectroscopy and Bandgap Energy

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Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium Containing Sodium Borate Glasses

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2012年第4期2卷 128-132页

Glass system (80% B2O3 – (20 – y)% Na2CO3 – y% CdO, where y = 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mol%) prepared by meltquenching technique and checked by XRD technique reveals the amorphous nature of these glasses. Increases in density from 2.18 to 2.82 (g/cm3) were observed with an increase in CdO content. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectra of polished parallel surfaces glass samples showed a decrease in the optical band gap from 3.72 to 3.59 ev with increasing CdO content. The results suggest that CdO content in glass samples plays a role as a network modifier. In addition, a correlation between the results from density, UV-VIS and FTIR measurements indicates that change in the atomic structure is due to the formation of BO4 units.

关键词： Sodium Borate Glasses Optical Band Gap Molar Volume UV-VIS and FTIR Spectroscopy and Bandgap Energy

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Dielectric Relaxation in Complex Perovskite Oxide Sr(Gd0.5Nb0.5)O3

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第6期3卷 369-376页

作者： Pritam Kumar Ajay Kumar sharma Bhrigunandan Prasad Singh Tripurari Prasad Sinha Narendra Kumar Singh Department of Physics Bose Institute Kolkata India University Department of Physics T. M. Bhagalpur University Bhagalpur India University Department of Physics V. K. S. University Ara India

The complex perovskite oxide a strontium gadolinium niobate (SGN) synthesized by solid-state reaction technique has single phase with tetragonal structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the structural and microstructural properties of the ceramics, respectively. The XRD patterns of SGN at room temperature show a tetragonal structure. Studies of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of compound as a function of frequency (50 Hz to 1 MHz) at room temperature, and as a function of temperature (60°C to 420°C) indicate polydispersive nature of the material. The logarithmic angular frequency dependence of the loss peak is found to obey the Arrhenius law with activation energy ~0.18 ev. The small value of activation energy of the compound (~0.18 ev) can be explained by mixed ionic-polaronic conductivity mechanism. The grain size of the pellet sample was found to be 1.92 μm. The frequency-dependant electrical data are analyzed in the framework of conductivity and electric modulus formalisms. The complex plane impedance plot shows the grain boundary contribution for higher value of dielectric constant in the law frequency region.

关键词： Dielectrics Perovskite Oxides X-Ray Diffraction Scanning Electron Micrograph

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