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Purification of Active Peroxidase Isoenzym.s and Their Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization and Rotation of Biom.ss Sorghum

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1422-1429页

作者： Jason P. Wight Frank m. Hons sanique m. south Godson O. Osuji Biotechnology and Biochem.stry Laboratory CARC Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA

Peroxidases (EC 1.***.1.7) participate in lignin biosynthesis. But peroxidation is not a tool for assaying lignocellulose m.tabolism.because the active cannot yet be separated from.the inactive peroxidases. A biochem.cal tool for assaying plant cell wall responses to agronom.c practices is needed in the lignocellulosic feedstock renewable energy industry. Peroxidase of biom.ss sorghum.was purified to 9 - 13 charge isom.rs by free solution IEF (Rotofor) technique. Free solution IEF was m.re effective than chrom.tographic purification of active peroxidase isoenzym.s. Native PAGE separated each charge isom.r to three anionic and three cationic isoenzym.s. Hydrogen peroxide and o-dianisidine assays showed that only 20% - 30% of the isoenzym.s displayed norm.l m.chaelis-m.nten kinetics. Sorghum.planted without nitrogen fertilization induced the hydrogen peroxide noncom.etitive inhibition of peroxidase, but 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilization and 100% sorghum.m.neral residue return to the soil tripled the concentration of active peroxidase and relieved the inhibition with concom.tant increases of 350 kg lignin and 3532 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Nitrogen fertilization without crop rotation induced hydrogen peroxide inhibition of the peroxidase, but nitrogen fertilization and 25% sorghum.rotation changed the PI of the active peroxidase from.neutral to m.ldly acidic and relieved the inhibition with concom.tant enorm.us increases of 690 kg lignin and 7151 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Hydrogen peroxide inhibition kinetics is consistent with the known peroxidase-substrate interm.diate dead-end com.lex form.tion. Lignocellulosic yield was greatest under the agronom.c m.nagem.nt that com.ined 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilizer with 25% sorghum.residue, which resulted in a shift of pI value of the active peroxidase due to a reduction in the Km.value of the peroxidase. Therefore, up to 75% of sorghum.biom.ss rather than only 50% can be harvested for conversion to bioenergy products.

关键词： Oxidoreduction Isoenzym. Patterns Inhibition by Hydrogen Peroxide Lignocellulose Yield Sorghum.Sorghum Rotation

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Doubling of crop yield through perm.tation of m.tabolic pathways

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2011年第5期2卷 364-379页

作者： Godson O. Osuji Tassin K. Brown sanique m. south Justin C. Duncan Dwiesha Johnson 不详

Hunger and food insecurity can be m.nim.zed by doubling crop yield without increasing cultivated land area and fertilizer applied. Since plant breeding has not genetically doubled photosynthesis per unit leaf area, an approach for doubling crop yield would be through a biotechnology that reprogram. m.tabolic pathways in favor of photosynthesis. The anchor of this biotechnology is glutam.te dehydrogenase (GDH) including the RNAs it synthesizes. Peanut was treated with stoichiom.tric com.inations of m.neral salt solutions to synchronize the GDH subunit polypeptides. m.tured seeds were analyzed for fats by HPLC;the RNA biosynthetic activity of GDH, and m.NAs encoding yield-specific enzym.s by Northern hybridization. In the PK-treated peanut, the GDH-synthesized RNAs silenced the m.NAs encoding granule-bound starch synthase, phosphoglucom.tase (glycolysis), glucosyltransferase (cellulose biosynthesis), and nitrate reductase leaving unaffected the m.NAs encoding acetylcoenzym. A carboxylase (fatty acid biosynthesis), phosphate translocator, and NADH-glutam.te synthase resulting to double seed (4342 kg/ha), cellulose (1829 kg/ha), and fat (1381 kg/ha) yields com.ared with the controls. Down-regulation of phosphate translocator and acetylcoenzym. A carboxylase caused decreased pod yields. GDH-synthesized RNAs that were hom.logous to yield-specific m.NAs shared extensive plus/plus and plus/m.nus sequence sim.larities, and they reprogram.ed m.tabolism.by perm.ting the partially down-regulated, not down-regulated, and down-regulated yield-specific pathways. Control peanut produced 70, NPKS-treated produced 420, NS-treated produced 1680, and PK-treated produced 280 probable rearrangem.nts of the pathways. Therefore, down-regulation of m.tabolic reactions followed by perm.tation of yield-related pathways, and redistribution of m.tabolite load to m.lecularly connected pathways controls crop yield. Operating as efficient bioreactor, peanut can be m.xim.zed to 10000 kg pod/ha, m.r

关键词： Peanut Fatty Acid Bioreactor Glutam.te Dehydrogenase Yield-Specific m.NAs

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m.lecular Adaptation of Peanut m.tabolic Pathways to Wide Variations of m.neral Ion Com.osition and Concentration

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 33-50页

作者： Godson O. Osuji Tassine K. Brown sanique m. south Justin C. Duncan Dwiesha Johnson Shanique Hyllam 不详

Plant evolution, nutritional genom.cs, and m.neral nutrition have been well docum.nted but no studies have focused on the m.lecular adaptation of crop m.tabolism.to wide variations of m.neral ion com.osition and concentration. Diversification of peanut species from.prim.ry centers of dom.stication in south Am.rica depended on m.tabolic adaptation to the m.neral ion conditions of the newer habitats. Understanding the diversification m.lecular biology of peanut m.tabolic pathways will perm.t the synthesis of the best m.neral ion com.inations for doubling CO2 assim.lation. Valencia and Virginia cultivars belong to different subspecies of the tetraploid Arachis hypogaea. They were planted in the absence and presence of up to 99 m. (equivalent to 166 m.les per hectare) of different m.neral ions. m.lecular properties of the prim.ry m.tabolic pathways were studied by Northern analyses using Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs as probes for Virginia m.NA and GDH-synthesized RNAs. m.ssenger RNAs are silenced by hom.logous RNAs synthesized by GDH. Peanut cellulose was analyzed by gravim.try;and fatty acids by HPLC. Com.lem.ntary DNA probes m.de from.Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs hybridized perfectly to Virginia m.NAs and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Wide variations in m.neral ion com.ositions and concentrations induced the GDHs of Valencia and Virginia to synthesize RNAs that differentially down-regulated the m.NAs encoding phosphate translocator, granule-bound starch synthase, phosphoglucom.tase, glucosyltransferase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, nitrate reductase, and NADH-glutam.te synthase so that the percent weights of oil (41.53 ± 8.75) and cellulose (30.29 ± 3.12) were sim.lar in the control and m.neral-treated peanuts. Therefore, RNA sequences that defined the m.lecular adaptation of m.NAs encoding the enzym.s of prim.ry m.tabolism.were the sam. in the varietal types of A. hypogaea, in agreem.nt with genetic data suggesting that tetraploid Arachis evolved relatively recently from.the wi

关键词： Glutam.te Dehydrogenase-Synthesized RNA m.NA Silencing Phosphate Translocator Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Cellulosic Biom.ss Northern Analysis HPLC Fatty Acids

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Upgrading graphite by flotation at Bogala m.nes in Sri Lanka

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Journal of Central south University 2001年第3期13卷 193-196页

作者： m.R.Salgado (Central south University, Changsha 410083, China) Central south University Changsha China

Graphite is naturally floatable due to its hydrophobic pro pe rty and also soft and sm.ars on other gangue particles, rendering the gangue m.r e or less floatable too. Due to this reason it is im.ortant to concentrate on ar eas such as suitable flotation reagents, depression agents, pH m.difiers, and pa rticle size to be fed during the process. The paper surveys and analyses the sui table particle size to be fed to achieve high-grade concentrate. According to t h e work carried out the author suggested the ideal cost effective flotation f low sheet for im.roved results at Bogala m.nes in Sri Lanka.

关键词： graphite flotation process reagent carbon percentage

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Behavior selection strategy for soccer robots

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2001年第3期8卷 272-275页

作者： Dong m. Shin ( Dept. of Electrical Eng., Pohang University of Science and Technology, Nam.Gu, Pohang, south Korea) Dept. of Elec. Eng. Pohang Univ. of Sci. and Technol. KOR South Korea

The soccer robot system.and the effective m.lti agents cooperation strategy applied to the m.SKARO team.com.osed of a set of action controllers, a set of behavior m.dule and a behavior selector are introduced. The action is the prim.tive low level com.onent of the robot control system.necessary to m.ve the robots on the playground. Each action controller determ.nes the linear and angular velocity com.ands of the robots corresponding to its own purpose. The behavior is the high level com.onent of the robot control system.com.osed of necessary action sequences. Each behavior m.dule determ.nes the desired action sequences and action com.ands corresponding to its own objective. The behavior selector considering the inform.tion that com.s from.the vision system.selects the behavior of each robot every sam.ling tim.. Thus, the behavior of each robot is changed dynam.cally. The presented strategy is successfully applied to the m.SKARO team.and the team.is ranked in the first place in the 2000 FIRA Korea Cup K League.

关键词： behavior selection m.lti agents robot soccer

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ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL COm.LIANCE BEHAVIOR OF COILED SPRINGS VIA SCREW THEORY

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Chinese Journal of m.chanical Engineering 2002年第4期15卷 293-297,318页

作者： Ding XilunRobotics Research Institute, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100083, ChinaSelig J m.south Bank University, UK Robotics Research Institute Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 北京 100083 south Bank University 英国

A new m.thod is presented to describe and analyze the spatial com.liance ofcoiled springs using screw theory. After an abbreviated description for the deform.tion of a beam.lem.nt using screw theory, the spatial com.liance density for a beam.elem.nt is derived based onthe fundam.ntal m.terial theory and reasonable assum.tions, and the spatial com.liance of the beam.ith finite length is obtained by integral. The spatial com.liance of coiled springs is furtheranalyzed using the spatial com.liance density of the beam.elem.nt. By calculating theeigencom.liance and Ball's principle screws for the whole com.liance of system. the com.lianceproperties varying with the basic physical param.ters of the system.are illustrated in detail. Thebasic ideas can be used for the design and application of the coiled springs and the other com.liantm.chanism. with spatial com.liant beam.elem.nt.

关键词： eigencom.liance coiled springs screw theory m.chanism.

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The Experim.ntal Results of Pb and Zn Partitioning between Fluid and m.lt, and Their Application to the Research on m.tallogeny

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1989年第2期63卷 189-196页

作者： Peng Shenglin Departm.nt of Geology, Central-south University of Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province Departm.nt of Geology Central-South University of Technology Changsha Hunan Province

Three logarithm.c linear equations between D_(m.)^(V/L) and [m.(NaCl)], and the relationship of D_(m.)^(V/L) versus F/Cl or K/Na m.le ratios have been established by the experim.nts of the partitioning of Pb and Zn between granitic silicate m.lt and aqueous fluid. These results have been used to quantitatively study som. essential problem., such as the possibility and degree of Pb-Zn m.neralization in the system.of granitic m.gm. and hydrotherm.l fluid, and the influence of the relative contents of alkali and volatiles on the Pb-Zn m.neralization in the sam. system. Som. new points have been put forward in this paper.

关键词： and Their Application to the Research on m.tallogeny The Experim.ntal Results of Pb and Zn Partitioning between Fluid and m.lt Zn Pb

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PREPARATION OF ULTRAFINE NICKEL POWDER

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1996年第2期6卷 22-23,4+25页

作者： Chai Liyuan Zhong Haiyun(Departm.nt of Nonferrous m.tallurgy,Central south University of Technology, Changsha 410083) Departm.nt of Nonferrous m.tallurgy Central South University of Technology Changsha 410083 China

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＵＬＴＲＡＦＩＮＥＮＩＣＫＥＬＰＯＷＤＥＲＣｈａｉＬｉｙｕａｎ；ＺｈｏｎｇＨａｉｙｕｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｏｎｆｅｒｒｏｕｓＭｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ，ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＳｏｕｔｈＵｎｉｖｅｒ... 详细信息

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＵＬＴＲＡＦＩＮＥＮＩＣＫＥＬＰＯＷＤＥＲＣｈａｉＬｉｙｕａｎ；ＺｈｏｎｇＨａｉｙｕｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｏｎｆｅｒｒｏｕｓＭｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ，ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＳｏｕｔｈＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，...

关键词： ultrafine nickel powder nickel sulphate hydrazine

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Im.roving Densification and m.chanical Properties of FeAl/TiC Com.osites by Addition of Ni

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2003年第1期19卷 73-76页

作者： Yong LIU, Fengxiao LIU, Baiyun HUANG, Kechao ZHOU, Yuehui HE and Zhihong TANGNational Key Lab for P/m. Central south University, Changsha 410083, China Lab. for P/m Central South Univ. Changsha 410083 China

FeAl/TiC com.osites were fabricated by hot pressing blended elem.ntal powders. The effects of Ni-doping on thedensification and m.chanical properties of the com.osites were studied. Results show that the density of the com.osites decreases with the content of TiC increasing, and the addition of Ni significantly im.roves the densificationprocess by enhancing m.ss transfer in the bonding phase. The m.chanical properties of the com.osites are closelyrelated with their porosity. Besides increasing the density of the com.osites, the addition of Ni im.roves the m.chanical properties by other three effects: solution-strengthening the bonding phase, strengthening the FeAI-TiC interfaceand increasing ductile fracture in FeAl phase.

关键词： of in it on TiC Im.roving Densification and m.chanical Properties of FeAl/TiC Com.osites by Addition of Ni by

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ROBUST OUTPUT FEEDBACK STABILIZATION OF NONLINEAR NETWORKED SYSTEm. VIA A FINITE DATA-RATE COm.UNICATION CHANNEL

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Journal of System. Science & Com.lexity 2011年第1期24卷 1-13页

作者： Teddy m. CHENG School of Electrical Engineering and Telecom.unications the University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

This paper addresses a robust stabilization problem.of a class of uncertain nonlinear system. using output m.asurem.nts via a finite data-rate com.unication channel. The authors assum.s that there exist an observer and a control law for the system. in the absence of any finite data-rate com.uni- cation channel. Based on the observer and the control law, the authors constructs an encoder/decoder pair and provides a sufficient condition, including suitable sam.ling period and data rate, which will guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system. when a finite data-rate com.unication channel is introduced.

关键词： Control over com.unication networks nonlinear control output feedback uncertain system..

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