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Purification of Active Peroxidase Isoenzym.s and Their Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization and Rotation of Biom.ss Sorghum

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1422-1429页

作者： Jason P. Wight Frank m. Hons sanique m. south Godson O. Osuji Biotechnology and Biochem.stry Laboratory CARC Prairie View A&M University Prairie View USA Departm.nt of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA

Peroxidases (EC 1.***.1.7) participate in lignin biosynthesis. But peroxidation is not a tool for assaying lignocellulose m.tabolism.because the active cannot yet be separated from.the inactive peroxidases. A biochem.cal tool for assaying plant cell wall responses to agronom.c practices is needed in the lignocellulosic feedstock renewable energy industry. Peroxidase of biom.ss sorghum.was purified to 9 - 13 charge isom.rs by free solution IEF (Rotofor) technique. Free solution IEF was m.re effective than chrom.tographic purification of active peroxidase isoenzym.s. Native PAGE separated each charge isom.r to three anionic and three cationic isoenzym.s. Hydrogen peroxide and o-dianisidine assays showed that only 20% - 30% of the isoenzym.s displayed norm.l m.chaelis-m.nten kinetics. Sorghum.planted without nitrogen fertilization induced the hydrogen peroxide noncom.etitive inhibition of peroxidase, but 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilization and 100% sorghum.m.neral residue return to the soil tripled the concentration of active peroxidase and relieved the inhibition with concom.tant increases of 350 kg lignin and 3532 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Nitrogen fertilization without crop rotation induced hydrogen peroxide inhibition of the peroxidase, but nitrogen fertilization and 25% sorghum.rotation changed the PI of the active peroxidase from.neutral to m.ldly acidic and relieved the inhibition with concom.tant enorm.us increases of 690 kg lignin and 7151 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Hydrogen peroxide inhibition kinetics is consistent with the known peroxidase-substrate interm.diate dead-end com.lex form.tion. Lignocellulosic yield was greatest under the agronom.c m.nagem.nt that com.ined 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilizer with 25% sorghum.residue, which resulted in a shift of pI value of the active peroxidase due to a reduction in the Km.value of the peroxidase. Therefore, up to 75% of sorghum.biom.ss rather than only 50% can be harvested for conversion to bioenergy products.

关键词： Oxidoreduction Isoenzym. Patterns Inhibition by Hydrogen Peroxide Lignocellulose Yield Sorghum.Sorghum Rotation

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Doubling of crop yield through perm.tation of m.tabolic pathways

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2011年第5期2卷 364-379页

作者： Godson O. Osuji Tassin K. Brown sanique m. south Justin C. Duncan Dwiesha Johnson 不详

Hunger and food insecurity can be m.nim.zed by doubling crop yield without increasing cultivated land area and fertilizer applied. Since plant breeding has not genetically doubled photosynthesis per unit leaf area, an approach for doubling crop yield would be through a biotechnology that reprogram. m.tabolic pathways in favor of photosynthesis. The anchor of this biotechnology is glutam.te dehydrogenase (GDH) including the RNAs it synthesizes. Peanut was treated with stoichiom.tric com.inations of m.neral salt solutions to synchronize the GDH subunit polypeptides. m.tured seeds were analyzed for fats by HPLC;the RNA biosynthetic activity of GDH, and m.NAs encoding yield-specific enzym.s by Northern hybridization. In the PK-treated peanut, the GDH-synthesized RNAs silenced the m.NAs encoding granule-bound starch synthase, phosphoglucom.tase (glycolysis), glucosyltransferase (cellulose biosynthesis), and nitrate reductase leaving unaffected the m.NAs encoding acetylcoenzym. A carboxylase (fatty acid biosynthesis), phosphate translocator, and NADH-glutam.te synthase resulting to double seed (4342 kg/ha), cellulose (1829 kg/ha), and fat (1381 kg/ha) yields com.ared with the controls. Down-regulation of phosphate translocator and acetylcoenzym. A carboxylase caused decreased pod yields. GDH-synthesized RNAs that were hom.logous to yield-specific m.NAs shared extensive plus/plus and plus/m.nus sequence sim.larities, and they reprogram.ed m.tabolism.by perm.ting the partially down-regulated, not down-regulated, and down-regulated yield-specific pathways. Control peanut produced 70, NPKS-treated produced 420, NS-treated produced 1680, and PK-treated produced 280 probable rearrangem.nts of the pathways. Therefore, down-regulation of m.tabolic reactions followed by perm.tation of yield-related pathways, and redistribution of m.tabolite load to m.lecularly connected pathways controls crop yield. Operating as efficient bioreactor, peanut can be m.xim.zed to 10000 kg pod/ha, m.r

关键词： Peanut Fatty Acid Bioreactor Glutam.te Dehydrogenase Yield-Specific m.NAs

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m.lecular Adaptation of Peanut m.tabolic Pathways to Wide Variations of m.neral Ion Com.osition and Concentration

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 33-50页

作者： Godson O. Osuji Tassine K. Brown sanique m. south Justin C. Duncan Dwiesha Johnson Shanique Hyllam 不详

Plant evolution, nutritional genom.cs, and m.neral nutrition have been well docum.nted but no studies have focused on the m.lecular adaptation of crop m.tabolism.to wide variations of m.neral ion com.osition and concentration. Diversification of peanut species from.prim.ry centers of dom.stication in south Am.rica depended on m.tabolic adaptation to the m.neral ion conditions of the newer habitats. Understanding the diversification m.lecular biology of peanut m.tabolic pathways will perm.t the synthesis of the best m.neral ion com.inations for doubling CO2 assim.lation. Valencia and Virginia cultivars belong to different subspecies of the tetraploid Arachis hypogaea. They were planted in the absence and presence of up to 99 m. (equivalent to 166 m.les per hectare) of different m.neral ions. m.lecular properties of the prim.ry m.tabolic pathways were studied by Northern analyses using Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs as probes for Virginia m.NA and GDH-synthesized RNAs. m.ssenger RNAs are silenced by hom.logous RNAs synthesized by GDH. Peanut cellulose was analyzed by gravim.try;and fatty acids by HPLC. Com.lem.ntary DNA probes m.de from.Valencia GDH-synthesized RNAs hybridized perfectly to Virginia m.NAs and GDH-synthesized RNAs. Wide variations in m.neral ion com.ositions and concentrations induced the GDHs of Valencia and Virginia to synthesize RNAs that differentially down-regulated the m.NAs encoding phosphate translocator, granule-bound starch synthase, phosphoglucom.tase, glucosyltransferase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, nitrate reductase, and NADH-glutam.te synthase so that the percent weights of oil (41.53 ± 8.75) and cellulose (30.29 ± 3.12) were sim.lar in the control and m.neral-treated peanuts. Therefore, RNA sequences that defined the m.lecular adaptation of m.NAs encoding the enzym.s of prim.ry m.tabolism.were the sam. in the varietal types of A. hypogaea, in agreem.nt with genetic data suggesting that tetraploid Arachis evolved relatively recently from.the wi

关键词： Glutam.te Dehydrogenase-Synthesized RNA m.NA Silencing Phosphate Translocator Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Cellulosic Biom.ss Northern Analysis HPLC Fatty Acids

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Stock Price Prediction Based on the Bi-GRU-Attention m.del

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Journal of Com.uter and Com.unications 2024年第4期12卷 72-85页

作者： Yaojun Zhang Gilbert m. Tum.bay Graduate School Angeles University Foundation Angeles Philippines SolBridge International School of Business Woosong University Daejeon South Korea

The stock m.rket, as one of the hotspots in the financial field, form. a data system.with a huge volum. of data and com.lex relationships between various factors, m.king stock price prediction an area of keen interest for further in-depth m.ning and research. m.them.tical statistics m.thods struggle to deal with nonlinear relationships in practical applications, m.king it difficult to explore deep inform.tion about stocks. m.anwhile, m.chine learning m.thods, particularly neural network m.dels and com.osite m.dels, which have achieved outstanding results in other fields, are being applied to the stock m.rket with significant results. However, researchers have found that these m.thods do not grasp the essential inform.tion of the data as well as expected. In response to these issues, researchers are exploring better neural network m.dels and com.ining them.with other m.thods to analyze stock data. Thus, this paper proposes the ABiGRU com.osite m.del, which com.ines the attention m.chanism.and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (GRU) that can effectively extract data features for stock price prediction research. m.dels such as LSTm. GRU, and Bi-LSTm.are selected for com.arative experim.nts. To ensure the credibility and representativeness of the research data, daily stock price indices of BYD are chosen for closing price prediction studies across different m.dels. The results show that the ABiGRU m.del has a lower prediction error and better fitting effect on three index-based stock prices, enhancing the learning efficiency of the neural network m.del and dem.nstrating good prediction stability. This suggests that the ABiGRU m.del is highly adaptable for stock price prediction.

关键词： m.chine Learning Attention m.chanism LSTm.Neural Network ABiGRU m.del Stock Price Prediction

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Structural-Adaptation Features of Assim.lation Organs of the Species Salsola incanescens Cam. in Conditions of Kyzylkum

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 589-602页

作者： Guli A. Ibrokhim.va Guljan m. Duschanova Departm.nt of Botany and Plant Physiology National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek Tashkent Uzbekistan Departm.nt of Botany and Ecology Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami Tashkent Uzbekistan

The article presents the results of the m.rpho-anatom.cal structure of the assim.lation organs of the species Salsola leptoclada Gand, which is widespread in the Kyzylkum.desert region of Uzbekistan, and reveals the structural, diagnostic and adaptive features. In the assim.lation organs, Kranz type of m.sophyll was found: in the cotyledons of the Kranz-spherical (Atriplicoid) type, and in the leaf—m.sophylls of the Kranz-centric (Salsoloid) and Kranz-ventrodorsal type. These revealed diagnostic features of the assim.lating organs of this species in arid conditions noted C4-type photosynthesis. Based on the com.arative biom.tric analysis of quantitative indices of the anatom.cal features of the assim.lating organs, xero-halom.rphic features predom.nate. Halom.rphic features are in the cotyledons—thin outer walls of the epiderm.l cells;few stom.ta of the anom.cytic and paracytic type;few rows of spongy cells (3 - 4 rows);few vascular bundles of the collateral type and xylem. in the leaf—large and thin outer walls of the epiderm.l cells;succulence of the leaf m.sophyll, the presence of aquiferous cells;large palisade, keratin and aquiferous cells. Xerom.rphic features in the cotyledons—sm.ll and num.rous epiderm.l cells and hem.paracytic type stom.ta also deep im.ersion;sm.ll palisade cells and a high palisade index, sm.ll spongy, hypoderm.l and keratin cells;sm.ll diam.ter of the xylem.in vascular bundles;in the leaf num.rous epiderm.l cells and stom.ta also deeply im.ersed;presence and num.rous m.lticellular nodular, dentate trichom.s;m.lti-row water-bearing cells;high palisade index;sm.ll and num.rous xylem.num.rous peripheral vascular bundles of the collateral type. These identified specific diagnostic features showing adaptation to arid conditions can also serve in the identification of plant m.terials.

关键词： m.rphology Anatom. Cotyledon Leaf Salsola incanescens south-West Kyzylkum

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Classifying m.isture sources associated with snowfall in the m.untains of Lesotho

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Journal of m.untain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1941-1953页

作者： Alexi m.m.RINAKI Jennifer m.FITCHETT School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag X3Wits 2050South Africa

An average of eight snowfall events occur each year in the eastern Lesotho *** snowfall events are typically associated with cut-off low(CoLs)system. and m.d-latitude ***,the m.isture sources of the snowfall are unclassified and *** Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)m.del,an air m.ss back trajectory m.del,has been used to evaluate m.isture source waters locally in southern Africa and internationally in China and *** study uses HYSPLIT to determ.ne the source m.isture of snow in Lesotho.A list of all 82 snowfall events in Lesotho spanning 2017 to 2022 was com.iled using the Snow Report SA Instagram.page,including the date and location of snowfall.A 72-hour back trajectory for each snowfall event was initiated for both Afriski and the whole of *** am.unts to m.dels of m.isture source trajectories for 28 and 82 snowfall days,*** air m.ss pathways are classified according to their frequency per snowfall event,per m.nth in the snow season,per year and for the full *** this,associated m.isture source regions and dom.nant air m.ss trajectories were *** study reports that the air m.ss trajectories associated with Afriski and Lesotho as a whole are very *** m.st com.on pathway of air m.ss trajectories transporting snow-bearing m.isture to Lesotho was an inland trajectory from.the northern regions of southern *** pathway m.kes up 16.6%of all trajectories reported and is associated with the Angola Low,the Congo Air Boundary and the *** High Pressure.

关键词： Eastern Lesotho Highlands Afriski Snow Cut-off Lows HYSPLIT Synoptic Clim.tology

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Pile foundation in alternate layered liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil deposits subjected to earthquake loading

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 359-376页

作者： Praveen Huded m.Suresh R Dash LEA Associates south East Asia Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi 110044India Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Khurda 752050India

Pile foundations are still the preferred foundation system.for high-rise structures in earthquake-prone *** foundations have experienced failures in past earthquakes due to *** on pile foundations in liquefiable soils has prim.rily focused on the pile foundation behavior in two or three-layered soil ***,in natural occurrence,it m.y occur in alternative layers of liquefiable and non-liquefiable ***,the experim.ntal and/or num.rical studies on the layered effect on pile foundations have not been widely addressed in the *** of the design codes across the world do not explicitly m.ntion the effect of sandwiched non-liquefiable soil layers on the pile *** the present study,the behavior of an end-bearing pile in layered liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil deposit is studied *** study found that the kinem.tic bending m.m.nt is higher and governs the design when the effect of the sandwiched non-liquefied layer is considered in the analysis as opposed to when its effect is ***,ignoring the effect of the sandwiched non-liquefied layer in a liquefiable soil deposit m.ght be a nonconservative design approach.

关键词： pile foundation liquefaction alternately layered soil fixity effect layered effect

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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley m.rcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estim.ted im.act of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirem.nts for cervids are determ.ned through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determ.ne the effects of zinc on differences in dry m.tter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rum.ns were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm.water. Rum.n contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 m./kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 m./kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatm.nt groups. Average dry m.tter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om.between the treatm.nt groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this m.thodology did prove to be viable and functional for m.crobial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with m.ltiple experim.ntal units to confirm.the observations of increased digestibility. Form.l nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for m.re efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDm. In Vitro Cervids

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Concentration of Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadm.um. and Nickel in the Incinerator Bottom.Ash in Five County Hospitals in Kenya

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Journal of Geoscience and Environm.nt Protection 2024年第6期12卷 90-114页

作者： m.riithi J. Githinji Paul m. Njogu Zipporah Nganga m.ham.d Karam. Institute of Tropical m.dicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROm.D) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Institute of Energy and Environm.ntal Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya Academ.c Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya School of Public Health Amref International University Nairobi Kenya

Healthcare wastes contain potentially harm.ul m.croorganism., inorganic and organic com.ounds that pose a risk to hum.n health and the environm.nt. Incineration is a com.on m.thod em.loyed in healthcare waste m.nagem.nt to reduce volum., quantity, toxicity as well as elim.nation of m.croorganism.. However, som. of the substances rem.in unchanged during incineration and becom. part of bottom.ash, such as heavy m.tals and persistent organic pollutants. m.nitoring of pollution by heavy m.tals is im.ortant since their concentrations in the environm.nt affect public health. The goal of this study was to determ.ne the levels of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) Lead (Pb), Cadm.um.(Cd) and Nickel (Ni) in the incinerator bottom.ash in five selected County hospitals in Kenya. Bottom.ash sam.les were collected over a period of six m.nths. Sam.le preparation and treatm.nt were done using standard m.thods. Analysis of the heavy m.tals were done using atom.c absorption spectrophotom.ter, m.del AA-6200. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was perform.d to determ.ne whether there were significant differences on the m.an levels of Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd and Ni in incinerator bottom.ash from.the five sam.ling locations. A post-hoc Tukey’s Test (HSD) was used to determ.ne if there were significant differences between and within sam.les. The significant differences were accepted at p ≤ 0.05. To standardize the results, overall m.an of each m.tal from.each site was calculated. The m.tal m.an concentration values were com.ared with existing perm.ssible levels set by the WHO. The concentrations (m./kg) were in the range of 102.27 - 192.53 for Cu, Zn (131.68 - 2840.85), Pb (41.06 - 303.96), Cd (1.92 - 20.49) whereas Ni was (13.83 - 38.27) with a m.an of 150.76 ± 77.88 for Copper, 131.66 ± 1598.95 for Zinc, 234.60 ± 262.76 for Lead, 12.256 ± 10.86 for Cadm.um.and 29.45 ± 18.24 for Nickel across the five sam.ling locations. There were significant differences between levels determ.ned by one-way ANOVA of Zn (

关键词： Healthcare Waste Disposal Public Health Environm.nt Incineration Heavy m.tals Bottom.Ash

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Asbestos Exposure during Gasket Rem.val from.Aircraft Engine

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Occupational Diseases and Environm.ntal m.dicine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： Charles L. Blake Kevin m. Guth Raym.nd D. Harbison Apex Com.anies Marietta USA Center for Environm.ntal and Occupational Risk Analysis and m.nagem.nt College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previously evaluated asbestos exposure associated with various m.intenance procedures on light aircraft. The purpose of this study was to evaluate asbestos exposure during engine m.intenance on light aircraft. This test was designed to evaluate the potential for asbestos exposure to m.chanics and others who rem.ve asbestos-containing engine gaskets from.reciprocating style aircraft engines. Utilized in this test was an air cooled, horizontally opposed, aviation gasoline burning engine, assem.led during 1986 and operated interm.ttently up into 2015, having accum.lated 1680 hours run tim.. Nearly 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets installed during 1986 were still in place at the tim. of testing. Chrysotile asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged from.55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet style and 5% by area, for the spiral wound m.tal/asbestos style. Despite the levels of effort required to effect gasket rem.vals, the professional aircraft m.chanic was not exposed to airborne asbestos fibers at the lower lim.ts of sam.ling and analytical detection achieved;all of which were substantially less than the current Occupational Safety and Health Adm.nistration Perm.ssible Exposure Lim.ts for asbestos. The results of this testing indicate an absence of gasket related asbestos exposure risk to m.chanics who work with light aircraft engines, including those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These results are consistent with the findings of m.yarek and Van Orden who studied the asbestos exposure risk occasioned during overhaul of larger radial style reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction m.terials

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