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Muscular activity patterns in 1-legged vs. 2-legged pedaling

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 99-106页

作者： sangsoo park Graham E.Caldwell Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Background:One-legged pedaling is of interest to elite cyclists and ***,muscular usage in 1-legged vs.2-legged pedaling is not fully ***,the study was aimed to examine changes in leg muscle activation patterns between 2-legged and 1-legged ***:Fifteen healthy young recreational cyclists performed both 1-legged and 2-legged pedaling trials at about 30 Watt per *** electromyography electrodes were placed on 10 major muscles of the left *** envelope electromyography data were integrated to quantify muscle activities for each crank cycle quadrant to evaluate muscle activation ***:Overall,the prescribed constant power requirements led to reduced downstroke crank torque and extension-related muscle activities(vastus lateralis,vastus medialis,and soleus)in 1-legged ***-related muscle activities(biceps femoris long head,semitendinosus,lateral gastrocnemius,medial gastrocnemius,tensor fasciae latae,and tibialis anterior)in the upstroke phase increased to compensate for the absence of contralateral leg crank *** the upstroke,simultaneous increases were seen in the hamstrings and uni-articular knee extensors,and in the ankle plantarflexors and *** the top of the crank cycle,greater hip flexor activity stabilized the ***:The observed changes in muscle activities are due to a variety of changes in mechanical aspects of the pedaling motion when pedaling with only 1 leg,including altered crank torque patterns without the contralateral leg,reduced pelvis stability,and increased knee and ankle stiffness during the upstroke.

关键词： Electromyography Muscle activity One-leg Pedaling

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Response to: Caution needed when interpreting muscle activity patterns during extremely low pedaling cadence

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 109-110页

作者： sangsoo park Graham E.Caldwell Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Dear editor,We would like to thank Drs Sun and Li for their interests and observations for our recently published article entitled“Muscular activity patterns in 1-legged vs.2-legged pedaling”.We have carefully read their letter and agree with their underlying premise that our low cadence is not indicative of competitive,recreational,or(in some cases)clinical 2-legged pedaling ***,our results were not meant to be extrapolated to higher cadences,as clearly stated in the Limitations Section of the Discussion:“The results of this study do not necessarily extend to muscular control in one-legged pedaling tasks with different mechanical demands,as our participants were asked to perform pedaling tasks with relatively low crank torque and velocity.”1 Further,we stand by the initial statement of the Abstract that“One-legged pedaling is of interest to elite cyclists and clinicians.”In the Introduction we cite 2 studies2,3 that refer to 1-legged cycling:“As such,1-legged pedaling has been suggested as a training tool to improve pedaling performance and is used in clinical settings for rehabilitation.”1 Our opening Abstract statement(which would presumably be read before the Results and Discussion)was not meant to imply that our study results would be directly applicable to elite cyclists and all clinical populations/treatments,as Drs Sun and Li seem to infer.

关键词： statement elite interpreting

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Improving Application Launch Performance on Solid State Drives

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第4期27卷 727-743页

作者： Yongsoo Joo Junhee Ryu sangsoo park Kang G.Shin Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ewha Womans University IEEE Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan

Application launch performance is of great importance to system platform developers and vendors as it greatly affects the degree of users＇ satisfaction. The single most effective way to improve application launch performance is to replace a hard disk drive （HDD） with a solid state drive （SSD）, which has recently become affordable and popular. A natural question is then whether or not to replace the traditional HDD-aware application launchers with a new SSD-aware optimizer. We address this question by analyzing the inefficiency of the HDD-aware application launchers on SSDs and then proposing a new SSD-aware application prefetching scheme, called the Fast Application STarter （FAST）. The key idea of FAST is to overlap the computation （CPU） time with the SSD access （I/O） time during an application launch. FAST is composed of a set of user-level components and system debugging tools provided by Linux OS （operating system）. Hence, FAST can be easily deployed in any recent Linux versions without kernel recompilation. We implement FAST on a desktop PC with an SSD running Linux 2.6.32 OS and evaluate it by launching a set of widely-used applications, demonstrating an average of 28% reduction of application launch time as compared to PC without a prefetcher.

关键词： application launch performance I/O prefetch solid state drive

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