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Evidence for novel age-dependent network structures as a putative primo vascular network in the dura mater of the rat brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第7期10卷 1101-1106页

作者： Ho-Sung Lee Dai-In Kang Seung Zhoo yoon Yeon Hee Ryu Inhyung Lee hoon-Gi Kim Byung-Cheon Lee Ki Bog Lee Ki Primo Research Laboratory Division of Electrical Engineering KAIST Institute for Information Technology Convergence Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Nadi Primo Research Institute Graduate School of Integrative Medicine Sun Moon University Pharmacopuncture Medical Research Center Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine College of Medicine Korea University Acupuncture Moxibustion & Meridian Research Group Medical Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Department of Veterinary Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine Seoul National University Faculty of Liberal Education Seoul National University Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.

关键词： nerve regeneration dura mater chromium-hematoxylin staining fascia primo vascular system brain hormone neural regeneration

Phase separations in graded-indium content InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells and its function to high quantum efficiency

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Journal of Semiconductors 2012年第5期33卷 13-16页

作者：郭洪英孙元平 Yong-hoon Cho Eun-Kyung Suh Hai-Joon Lee Rak-Jun Choi yoon-Bong Hahn Institute of Science and Technology for Opto-Electronic Information Yantai University Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering Semiconductor Physics Research CenterChonbuk National University School of Chemical Engineering Chonbuk National University

Phase separations have been studied for graded-indium content In_xGa_（1-x）N/GaN multiple quantum wells（MQWs） with different indium contents by means of photoluminescence（PL）,cathodeluminescence（CL） and time-resolved PL（TRPL） *** the main emission peaks,all samples show another 2 peaks at the high and low energy parts of the main peaks in PL when excited at 10 *** images show a clear contrast for 3 samples,which indicates an increasing phase separation with increasing indium *** spectra at 15 K of the main emissions show an increasing delay of rising time with indium content,which means a carrier transferring from low indium content structures to high indium content structures.

关键词： carrier transfer phase separation graded-indium content multiple quantum wells

Hypothyroidism affects astrocyte and microglial morphology in type 2 diabetes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第26期8卷 2458-2467页

作者： Sung Min Nam Yo Na Kim Dae Young Yoo Sun Shin Yi Jung hoon Choi In Koo Hwang Je Kyung Seong Yeo Sung yoon Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Veterinary Medicine Research Institute for Veterinary Science Seoul National University Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science College of Biomedical Sciences Soonchunhyang University Department of Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine Kangwon National University

In the present study, we investigated the effects of hypothyroidism on the morphology of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty rats and Zucker lean control rats. To induce hypothyroidism, Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty rats at 7 weeks of age orally received the vehicle or methimazole, an anti-thyroid drug, treatment for 5 weeks and were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age in all groups for blood chemistry and immunohistochemical staining. In the me- thimazole-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty rats, the serum circulating triiodo- thyronine （T3） and thyroxine （＇I＂4） levels were significantly decreased compared to levels observed in the vehicle-treated Zucker lean control or Zucker diabetic fatty rats. This reduction was more prominent in the methimazole-treated Zucker diabetic fatty group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein im- munoreactive astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1）-immunoreactive microglia in the Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty group were diffusely detected in the hippocampal CA1 region and dentate gyrus. There were no significant differences in the glial fibril- lary acidic protein and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus between Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups. However, in the methimazole-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups, the processes of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreac- tive astrocytes and Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia, were significantly decreased in both the CA1 region and dentate gyrus compared to that in the vehicle-treated Zucker lean control and Zucker diabetic fatty groups. These results suggest that diabetes has no effect on the morphology of as- trocytes and microglia and that hypothyroidism during the onset of diabetes prominently reduces the processes of astrocytes and microglia.

关键词： neural regeneration astrocytes microglia diabetes hypothyroidism complications thyroid hormone obesity methimazole Zucker diabetic fatty rat grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

Treatment strategies using adefovir dipivoxil for individuals with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第47期18卷 6987-6995页

作者： Tae Jung Yun Jin Yong Jung Chang Ha Kim Soon Ho Um Hyonggin An Yeon Seok Seo Jin Dong Kim Hyung Joon Yim Bora Keum Yong Sik Kim yoon Tae Jeen Hong Sik Lee hoon Jai Chun Chang Duck Kim Ho sang Ryu Department of Internal Medicine Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 136-705South Korea Department of Biostatistics Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 136-705South Korea

AIM:To investigate retrospectively the long-term efficacy of various treatment strategies using adefovir dipivoxil(adefovir) in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis ***:We included 154 consecutive patients in two treatment groups:the "add-on" group(n = 79),in which adefovir was added to ongoing lamivudine treatment due to lamivudine resistance,and the "switch/combination" group(n = 75),in which lamivudine was first switched to adefovir and then re-added later as *** "switch/combination" group was then divided into two subgroups depending on whether participants followed(group A,n = 30) or violated(group B,n = 45) a proposed treatment strategy that determined whether to add lamivudine based on the serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA levels(< 60 IU/mL or not) after 6 mo of treatment(roadmap concept).RESULTS:The cumulative probability of virologic response(HBV DNA < 60 IU/mL) was higher in group A than in the "add-on" group and in group B(P < 0.001).In contrast,the cumulative probability of virologic breakthrough was lower in the "add-on" group than in group B(P = 0.002).Furthermore,the risk of virologic breakthrough in the multivariate analysis was significantly lower in the "add-on" group than in group A(hazard ratio = 0.096;95%CI,0.015-0.629;P = 0.015).CONCLUSION:The selective combination of adefovir with lamivudine based upon early treatment responses increased the odds of virologic breakthrough relative to the use of uniform combination therapy from the beginning of treatment.

关键词：阿德福韦酯慢性乙型肝炎联合治疗拉米夫定耐药 DNA水平多变量分析病毒学

Cambrian Stem-group Cnidarians with a New Species from the Cambrian Series 3 of the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 827-837页

作者： Tae-yoon S.PARK Ji-hoon KIHM Jusun WOO Yong-Yi ZHEN Michael ENGELBRETSEN Jongsun HONG Suk-Joo CHOH Dong-Jin LEE Division of Polar-Earth System Sciences Korea Polar Research Institute Geological Survey of New South Wales W.B.Clarke Geoscience Centre Research Affiliate Biological Sciences Macquarie University Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Korea University Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Andong National University

Five species, Lipopora lissa Jell and Jell, 1976, Lipopora daseia Jell and Jell, 1976, Tretocylichne perplexa Engeibretsen, 1993 from Australia, Cambroctoconus orientalis Park, Woo, Lee, Lee, Lee, Han and Chough, 2011 from China, and Cambroctoconus kyrgyzstanicus Peel, 2014 from Kyrgyzstan, belonging to the Cambrian stem-group cnidarians have been documented in the fossil record. Cambroctoconus coreaensis sp. nov., interpreted here as a stem-group cnidarian, from the Seokgaejae section in the Daegi Formation, Taebaek Group （Cambrian Series 3）, Taebaeksan Basin, central-eastern Korean Peninsula, has a slender cup-shaped skeleton. A cladistic analysis produced 21 most parsimonious trees, which invariably placed the six stem-group cnidarians below the crown-group, but their relationships within the stem-group are unresolved. Nine out of the 21 trees suggest a monophyletic relationship for the Cambrian stem-group cnidarians, whereas in six other trees a monophyly of Cambroctoconus and Tretocylichne appeared as the sister-group to the crown-group cnidarians with Lipopora at the most basal branch. This result may reflect the fact that crown-group cnidarians evolved in the Precambrian, and suggests that the diversity of stem-group cnidarians was a result of an independent radiation in the Cambrian.

关键词： Phylogeny Cnidaria Cambrian Drumian Taebaeksan Basin Korea

Risk factors and prognostic value of acute severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第19期27卷 2353-2365页

作者： Jiyoung yoon Dae Sung Kim Ye-Jee Kim Jin Wook Lee Seung Wook Hong Ha Won Hwang Sung Wook Hwang sang Hyoung Park Dong-hoon Yang Byong Duk Ye Jeong-Sik Byeon Seung-Jae Myung Suk-Kyun Yang Department of Gastroenterology Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505South Korea Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505South Korea

BACKGROUND Acute severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding(LGIB)is an uncommon but challenging complication of Crohn’s disease(CD).AIM To identify the predictors of acute severe LGIB and to evaluate the impact of acute severe LGIB on the subsequent clinical course in CD *** A retrospective inception cohort study was conducted in 75 CD patients with acute severe LGIB and 1359 CD patients without acute severe LGIB who were diagnosed between February 1991 and November 2019 at Asan Medical Center,a tertiary university hospital in *** analysis with Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to identify the risk factors for acute severe LGIB.A matched analysis using 72 patients with bleeding and 267 matched patients without within the cohort was also conducted to investigate whether acute severe LGIB is a predictor of clinical outcomes of *** Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that early use of thiopurines[hazard ratio(HR):0.23,95%confidence interval(CI):0.12-0.48;P<0.001]and female sex(HR:0.51,95%CI:0.27-0.94;P=0.031)were significantly associated with a lower risk of acute severe *** cumulative risks of behavioral progression and intestinal resection were not significantly different between the two matched groups(P=0.139 and P=0.769,respectively).The hospitalization rate was higher in the bleeding group than in the matched non-bleeding group(22.1/100 vs 13.2/100 patient-years;P=0.012).However,if hospitalizations due to bleeding episodes were excluded from the analysis,the hospitalization rate was not significantly different between the bleeding group and the matched nonbleeding group(14.5/100 vs 13.2/100 patient-years;P=0.631).CONCLUSION Early use of thiopurines may reduce the risk of acute severe *** of acute severe LGIB may not have a significant prognostic value in patients with CD.

关键词： Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Lower gastrointestinal tract Crohn’s disease Risk factors Cohort studies Clinical course

Combined Extended and Superposed Finite Element Method for Modeling of Cracks

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Combined Extended and Superposed Finite Element Method for M...

Glucose metabolism and neurogenesis in the gerbil hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia

The Sixth World Congress on Computational Mechanics in Conjunction with the Second Asian-Pacific Congress on Computational MechanicsⅠ

作者： sang-Ho Lee Jeong-hoon Song Young-Cheol yoon Goangseup Zi Ted Belytschko School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Yonsei University 134 Sinchon-dong Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-749 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208-3111 U.S.A. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Korea University Anam-dong 5-ga Seongbukgu 136-701

A hybrid method, a combination of the extended finite element method (XFEM) [1] and the mesh superposition method (s-version FEM, or SFEM) [2], for modeling of stationary and growing cracks is presented. It is called the combined extended and superposed finite element method (XS- FEM). The near-tip field is modeled by superimposed quarter point singular elements on an overlaid patch and the rest of the discontinuity is implicitly described by a step function partition of unity in the same manner of XFEM. The two displacement fields are matched through a transition region. The proposed method simplifies the treatment of the moving near-tip fields [3]. Furthermore, a local partition of unity does not lose the reproducing property when the enriched elements are blended with standard finite elements, and the interpolation spaces are well defined when the near-tip field matches with enriched displacement field because the near-tip field totally participates in the complete approximation. It also avoids linear dependency. The quadrature of the weak form where the integrand is discontinuous due to arbitrary overlap of mesh becomes awkward in SFEM but the proposed method can effectively deal with it by a double mapping procedure. The crack growth is treated by the translation and rotation of the overlaid mesh and the update of the enriched nodes on the basic mesh. Numerical experiments for linear elastic fracture mechanics problems and cohesive cracks are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1254-1259页

作者： Dae Young Yoo Kwon Young Lee Joon Ha Park Hyo Young Jung Jong Whi Kim Yeo Sung yoon Moo-Ho Won Jung hoon Choi In Koo Hwang Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Veterinary Medicineand Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National University Department of Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary ScienceKangwon National University Department of Neurobiology School of MedicineKangwon National University

Recent evidence exists that glucose transporter 3（GLUT3） plays an important role in the energy metabolism in the *** previous studies have been conducted using focal or hypoxic ischemia models and have focused on changes in GLUT3 expression based on protein and m RNA levels rather than tissue *** the present study,we observed change in GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the adult gerbil hippocampus at various time points after 5 minutes of transient forebrain *** the sham-operated group,GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region was weak,in the pyramidal cells of the CA1 region increased in a time-dependent fashion 24 hours after ischemia,and in the hippocampal CA1 region decreased significantly between 2 and 5 days after ischemia,with high level of GLUT3 immunoreactivity observed in the CA1 region 10 days after *** a double immunofluorescence study using GLUT3 and glial-fibrillary acidic protein（GFAP）,we observed strong GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the ***3 immunoreactivity increased after ischemia and peaked 7 days in the dentate gyrus after ischemia/*** a double immunofluorescence study using GLUT3 and doublecortin（DCX）,we observed low level of GLUT3 immunoreactivity in the differentiated neuroblasts of the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus after ***3 immunoreactivity in the sham-operated group was mainly detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate *** results suggest that the increase in GLUT3 immunoreactivity may be a compensatory mechanism to modulate glucose level in the hippocampal CA1 region and to promote adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus.

关键词： nerve regeneration transient forebrain ischemia glucose transporter 3 pyramidal cells astrocytes neuroblasts neural regeneration

Single patient classifier as a prognostic biomarker in pT1N1 gastric cancer:Results from two large Korean cohorts

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2021年第5期33卷 583-591页

作者： yoon Young Choi Eunji Jang Hyunki Kim Kyoung-Mee Kim Sung hoon Noh Tae Sung Sohn Yong-Min Huh Ji Yeong An Jae-Ho Cheong Department of Surgery CHA Ilsan Medical CenterCHA University School of MedicineGoyang-si 1205Korea Department of Surgery Yonsei University Health SystemSeoul 03722Korea Department of Radiology Yonsei University Health SystemSeoul 03722Korea Department of Pathology Yonsei University Health SystemSeoul 03722Korea Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351Korea Department of Surgery Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351Korea YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute Seoul 03722Korea Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Korea

Objective:Benefits of adjuvant treatment in pT1 N1 gastric cancer(GC)remain ***,an effective biomarker for early GC is the need of the *** prognostic and predictive roles of single patient classifier(SPC)were validated in stageⅡ/Ⅲ*** this study,we aimed to elucidate the role of SPC as a biomarker for pT1 N1 ***:The present retrospective biomarker study(NCT03485105)enrolled patients treated for pT1 N1 GC between 1996 and 2012 from two large hospitals(the Y cohort and S cohort).For SPC,mRNA expression of four classifier genes(GZMB,WARS,SFRP4 and CDX1)were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction *** SPC was revised targeting pT1 stages and the prognosis was stratified as high-and lowrisk group by the expression of SFRP4,a representative epithelial-mesenchymal transition ***:SPC was evaluated in 875 patients(n=391 and 484 in the Y and S cohorts,respectively).Among 864 patients whose SPC result was available,41(4.7%)patients experience GC *** to revised SPC,254(29.4%)patients were classified as high risk[123(31.5%)and 131(27.1%)in the Y and S cohorts,respectively].The high risk was related to frequent recurrence in both Y and S cohort(log-rank P=0.023,P<0.001,respectively),while there was no difference by GZMB and WARS *** analyses of the overall-cohort confirmed the high risk of revised SPC as a significant prognostic factor[hazard ratio(HR):4.402(2.293-8.449),P<0.001]of GC.A significant difference was not detected by SPC in the prognosis of patients in the presence and absence of adjuvant treatment(log-rank P=0.670).Conclusions:The present study revealed the revised SPC as a prognostic biomarker of pT1 N1 GC and suggested the use of the revised SPC for early-stage GC as like stageⅡ/Ⅲ.

关键词： Gastric cancer biomarker prognosis chemotherapy