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Optimizing radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第20期25卷 2416-2429页

作者： Changhoon Choi Gyu sang Yoo Won Kyung Cho Hee chul Park Department of Radiation Oncology Samsung Medical CenterSeoul 06351South Korea Department of Radiation Oncology Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351South Korea

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, and its incidence is rapidly increasing in North America and Western Europe as well as South-East Asia. Patients with advanced stage HCC have very poor outcomes;therefore, the discovery of new innovative approaches is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has become a game-changer and revolutionized cancer treatment. A comprehensive understanding of tumor-immune interactions led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as new therapeutic tools, which have been used with great success. Targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated protein-4 (CTLA-4) reinvigorates anti-tumor immunity by restoring exhausted T cells. Despite their effectiveness in several types of cancer, of the many immune suppressive mechanisms limit the efficacy of ICI monotherapy. Radiation therapy (RT) is an essential local treatment modality for a broad range of malignancies, and it is currently gaining extensive attention as a promising combination partner with ICIs because of its ability to trigger immunogenic cell death. The efficacy of combination approaches using RT and ICIs has been well documented in numerous preclinical and clinical studies on various types of cancers but not HCC. The application of ICIs has now expanded to HCC, and RT is recognized as a promising modality in HCC. This review will highlight the current roles of PD-1 and CTLA-4 therapies and their combination with RT in the treatment of cancers, including HCC. In addition, this review will discuss the future perspectives of the combination of ICIs and RT in HCC treatment.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Radiation therapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors Abscopal effect

Stochasticity dominates assembly processes of soil nematode metacommunities on three Asian mountains

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 331-342页

作者： Shuqi ZOU Jonathan ADAMS Zhi YU Nan LI Dorsaf KERFAHI Binu TRIPATHI Changbae LEE Teng YANG Itumeleng MOROENYANE Xing CHEN Jinsoo KIM Hyun jeong KWAK Matthew Chidozie OGWU sang-Seob LEE Ke DONG Department of Integrative Biotechnology Sungkyunkwan University300 Chuncheon-DongSuwon 16419(Korea) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008(China) Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent SimulationNanning Normal University175 East Mingxiu RoadNanning 530001(China) School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesKeimyung UniversityDaegu 42601(Korea) Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon 21990(Korea) Department of Forestry Environment and SystemsKookmin UniversitySeoul 02707(Korea) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences71 East Beijing RoadNanjing 210008(China) Institut National Recherche Scientifique Institut Armand-Frappier SantéBiotechnologie531 Boulevard des PrairiesLaval H7V1B7(Canada) College of Life Science and Technology Guangxi University100 Daxue RoadNanning 530004(China) Department of Biological Sciences Kyonggi University154-42 Gwanggyosan-roYeongtong-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16227(Korea) School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University1 Gwanak-roSeoul 08826(Korea)

Nematodes play an important role in ecosystems;however,very little is known about their assembly processes and the factors influencing *** studied nematode communities in bulk soils from three Asian mountain ecosystems to determine the assembly processes of free-living nematode metacommunities and their driving *** each mountain,elevations span a range of climatic conditions with the potential to reveal assembly processes that predominate across multiple biomes.A phylogenetic null modeling framework was used to analyze 18S rRNA gene amplicons to quantify various assembly *** found that phylogenetic turnover between nematode communities on all mountains was dominated by stochastic processes,with“undominated processes”being the most predominant stochastic *** has a significant impact on the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes.A variety of climatic and edaphic variables significantly influenced the variations in community assembly processes with elevation,even though their impacts were not consistent between the ***,our results indicate that free-living nematode metacommunities in a wide range of environments are largely structured by stochastic processes rather than by niche-based deterministic processes,suggesting that metacommunities of soil free-living nematodes may respond to climate change in a largely unpredictable way.

关键词： climate change ecological drift elevation gradient environmental stress stochastic process

Contemporary trends in radical prostatectomy and predictors of recovery of urinary continence in men aged over 70 years:comparisons between cohorts aged over 70 and less than 70 years

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第3期22卷 280-286页

作者： Young Ju Lee Jin-Woo Jung sangchul Lee sang Wook Lee jeong Hyun Kim Sung Kyu Hong Seok-Soo Byun sang Eun Lee Seong Jin jeong Departme nt of Urology Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnam 13620Korea Department of Urology Catholic Kwan dong Univerisity International St.Mary's HospitalIncheon 22711Korea Department of Urology Kangwon National University School of MedicineChuncheon 24341Korea.

We evaluated contemporary trends in radical prostatectomy(RP)in men aged>70 years and investigated associations of selected variables with recovery of urinary continence(UC)in two age groups:>70 and70 years[n=610]vs70 years gradually increased up to 30.0%,and the rate of robot-assisted RP and neurovascular bundle(NVB)saving increased continually to 80.0%and 67.4%of older patients,*** the rate of recovery of UC within 12 months(3 months)in patients aged>70 years was lower than that in those aged S70 years(81.5%[52.6%]vs 88.6%[60.9%],respectively;both P70 ***,unlike younger patients,only variables(age and MUL),possibly associated with the inhere nt fun ction of the urinary sphi ncter,were predictors of recovery of UC in patients aged>70 years.

关键词： elderly predictor prostate cancer radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence

Liver transplantation for combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma:A multicenter study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第7期15卷 1340-1353页

作者： Jongman Kim Dong-Jin Joo Shin Hwang jeong-Moo Lee Je-Ho Ryu Yang-Won Nah Dong-Sik Kim Doo-Jin Kim Young-Kyoung You Hee-chul Yu Department of Surgery Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351South Korea Department of Surgery Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722South Korea Department of Surgery Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505South Korea Department of Surgery Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080South Korea Department of Surgery Pusan National University College of MedicineBusan 50612South Korea Department of Surgery Ulsan University HospitalUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineUlsan 44033South Korea Department of Surgery Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 02841South Korea Department of Surgery Gachon University Gil Medical CenterGachon University College of MedicineIncheon 21565South Korea Department of Surgery Seoul St.Mary’s HospitalCollege of Medicinethe Catholic University of KoreaSeoul 06591South Korea Department of Surgery Jeonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonju 54907South Korea

BACKGROUND Patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma(cHCC-CC)are not traditionally considered eligible for liver transplantation(LT)AIM To compare outcomes between living donor LT(LDLT)patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and LT patients with cHCC-CC and to identify risk factors for tumor recurrence and death after LT in cHCC-CC *** Data for pathologically diagnosed cHCC-CC patients(n=111)who underwent LT from 2000 to 2018 were collected for a nine-center retrospective ***(n=141)who received LDLT for HCC at Samsung Medical Center from January 2013 to March 2017 were selected as the control *** patients in two groups,respectively,were selected by 1:1 *** Cumulative disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)in the cHCC-CC group were significantly worse than in the HCC group both before and after *** recurrence incidence in the cHCC-CC group was higher than that in the HCC group(75.5%vs 33.3%,P3,tumor size>3 cm,and lymph node metastasis were predisposing factors for tumor recurrence in multivariate *** a maximum tumor size>3 cm was a predisposing factor for *** The poor prognosis of patients diagnosed with cHCC-CC after LT can be predicted based on the explanted *** regular surveillance for cHCC-CC patients should be required for early detection of tumor recurrence.

关键词： Liver transplantation Outcomes Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Recurrence

Deep-learning-based gas identification by timevariant illumination of a single micro-LEDembedded gas sensor

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第5期12卷 826-837页

作者： Incheol Cho Kichul Lee Young chul Sim Jae-Seok jeong Minkyu Cho Heechan Jung Mingu Kang Yong-Hoon Cho Seung chul Ha Kuk-Jin Yoon Inkyu Park Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)291 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)291 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea SENKO Co. Ltd.485Oesammi-DongOsan-SiGyeonggil-Do 18111Republic of Korea

Electronic nose(e-nose)technology for selectively identifying a target gas through chemoresistive sensors has gained much attention for various applications,such as smart factory and personal health *** overcome the crossreactivity problem of chemoresistive sensors to various gas species,herein,we propose a novel sensing strategy based on a single micro-LED(μLED)-embedded photoactivated(μLP)gas sensor,utilizing the time-variant illumination for identifying the species and concentrations of various target gases.A fast-changing pseudorandom voltage input is applied to the μLED to generate forced transient sensor responses.A deep neural network is employed to analyze the obtained complex transient signals for gas detection and concentration *** proposed sensor system achieves high classification(~96.99%)and quantification(mean absolute percentage error~31.99%)accuracies for various toxic gases(methanol,ethanol,acetone,and nitrogen dioxide)with a single gas sensor consuming 0.53 *** proposed method may significantly improve the efficiency of e-nose technology in terms of cost,space,and power consumption.

关键词： Deep illumination transient

Dynamic deformation behavior and microstructural evolution during high-speed rolling of Mg alloy having non-basal texture

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第4期35卷 473-482页

作者： sang-Hoon Kim jeong Hun Lee Chong Soo Lee Jonghun Yoon Sung Hyuk Park School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National University Ulsan Regional Division Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanyang University

The dynamic deformation behaviors and resultant microstructural variations during high-speed rolling(HSR) of a Mg alloy with a non-basal texture are investigated. To this end, AZ31 alloy samples in which the basal poles of most grains are predominantly aligned parallel to the transverse direction(TD) are subjected to hot rolling with different reductions at a rolling speed of 470 m/min. The initial grains with a TD texture are favorable for {10–12} twinning under compression along the normal direction(ND); as a result, {10–12} twins are extensively formed in the material during HSR, and this consequently results in a drastic evolution of texture from the TD texture to the ND texture and a reduction in the grain size. After the initial grains are completely twinned by the {10–12} twinning mechanism, {10–11} contraction twins and {10–11}-{10–12} double twins are formed in the {10–12} twinned grains by further *** the contraction twins and double twins have crystallographic orientations that are favorable for basal slip during HSR, dislocations easily accumulate in these twins and fine recrystallized grains nucleate in the twins to reduce the increased internal strain energy. Until a rolling reduction of 20%, {10–12}twinning is the main mechanism governing the microstructural change during HSR, and subsequently,the microstructural evolution is dominated by the formation of contraction twins and double twins and the dynamic recrystallization in these twins. With an increase in the rolling reduction, the average grain size and internal strain energy of the high-speed-rolled(HSRed) samples decrease and the basal texture evolves from the TD texture to the ND texture more effectively. As a result, the 80% HSRed sample, which is subjected to a large strain at a high strain rate in a single rolling pass, exhibits a fully recrystallized microstructure consisting of equiaxed fine grains and has an ND basal texture without a TD texture component.

关键词： Magnesium alloy High-speed rolling Texture Dynamic recrystallization Twinning

Near-infrared studies of nova V5584 Sgr in the pre-maximum and early decline phase

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第7期15卷 993-1004页

作者： Ashish Raj D.P.K.Banerjee N.M.Ashok sang chul KIM Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) Physical Research Laboratory Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)

We present near-infrared spectroscopic and photometric observations of nova V5584 Sgr taken during the first 12 d following its discovery on Oct. 26.439 UT2009. The evolution of the spectra is shown from the initial P Cygni phase to an emission line phase. The prominent carbon lines seen in the JHK spectra closely match those observed in an Fe II class nova outburst. The spectra show first-overtone CO bands in emission between 2.29-2.40 μm. By examining WISE and other publicly available data, we show that the nova underwent a pronounced dust formation phase between February- April 2010.

关键词： line: identification -- techniques: spectroscopic -- stars: individual(V5584 Sgr) -- novae cataclysmic variables

Spontaneous rupture of adrenal myelolipoma as a cause of acute flank pain:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第22期9卷 6552-6556页

作者： Dong Soo Kim jeong Woo Lee sang Hyub Lee Department of Urology School of MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoul 02447South Korea

BACKGROUND Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare,benign,non-functioning mass that occurs in the adrenal *** is composed of an admixture of hematopoietic elements and mature adipose tissue,similar to bone *** at large sizes,adrenal myelolipomas are usually asymptomatic and often incidentally found by ultrasonography or computed tomography(CT)*** paper describes an unusual case of adrenal myelolipoma presenting as flank *** SUMMARY A 50-year-old male with severe right flank pain underwent a CT scan revealing a huge mass extending into the suprarenal *** mass showed a fat component with retroperitoneal *** tumor was treated laparoscopically,and pathologic examination revealed features of myelolipoma originating from the adrenal *** Adrenal myelolipomas are generally asymptomatic and can be treated ***,rupture and hemorrhage of the tumor can cause symptoms requiring surgical removal.

关键词： Adrenal neoplasms Myelolipoma Adrenal glands Case report

Preconditioning process for dermal tissue decellularization using electroporation with sonication

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2022年第1期9卷 22-29页

作者： Mi Hee Leeand Jong-chul Park Min-Ah Koo HaKyeong jeong Seung Hee Hong Gyeung Mi Seon Mi Hee Lee Jong-chul Park Cellbiocontrol Laboratory Yonsei University College of Medicine50-1 Yonsei-roSeodaemun-guSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Medical Engineering Graduate School of Medical ScienceBrain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of Medicine50-1 Yonsei-roSeodaemun-guSeoul 03722Republic of Korea

Decellularization to produce bioscaffolds composed of the extracellular matrix(ECM)uses enzymatic,chemical and physical methods to remove antigens and cellular components from *** decellularization methods depend on the characteristics of tissues,and in particular,tissues with dense,complex structure and abundant lipid content are difficult to completely *** study enables future research on the development of methods and treatments for fabricating bioscaffolds via decellularization of complex and rigid skin tissues,which are not commonly considered for decellularization to date as their structural and functional characteristics could not be preserved after severe *** this study,decellularization of human dermal tissue was done by a combination of both chemical(0.05%trypsin-EDTA,2%SDS and 1%Triton X-100)and physical methods(electroporation and sonication).After decellularization,the content of DNA remaining in the tissue was quantitatively confirmed,and the structural change of the tissue and the retention and distribution of ECM components were evaluated through histological and histochemical analysis,*** of the chemical pretreatment that increase the efficiency of physical stimulation as well as decellularization,and conditions for electroporation and sonication without the use of detergents,unlike the methods performed in previous studies,were established to enable the complete decellularization of the skin *** combinatorial decellularization treatment formed micropores in the lipid bilayers of the skin tissues while removing all cell and cellular residues without affecting the ECM ***,this procedure can be widely used to fabricate bioscaffolds by decellularizing biological tissues with dense and complex structures.

关键词： decellularization electroporation sonication extracellular matrix