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How does anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affect the functioning of the brain and spinal cord?A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第2期10卷 172-181页

作者： Kazandra m.Rodriguez Riann m.Palmieri-smith Chandramouli Krishnan School of Kinesiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMI 48108USA Biomedical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA michigan Robotics Institute University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Objective:To examine the effect of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction on spinal-reflex and corticospinal excitability of the quadriceps ***:A comprehensive electronic database search was performed to identify studies that objectively measured Hoffmann reflex to muscle response ratio,motor threshold,and motor evoked potentials after ACL *** standardized mean differences(SmDs)were computed using a random effects meta-analysis ***:A total of 13 studies were eligible for *** Hoffmann reflex to muscle response ratio was significantly higher on both the reconstructed and non-reconstructed legs when compared with the healthy control leg(SmD=0.28,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.08-0.49,p=0.006 and SmD=0.22,95%CI:0.04-0.40,p=0.016,respectively)but did not differ between legs(SmD=0.10,95%CI:-0.01 to 0.21,p=0.078).The motor threshold was significantly higher on both the reconstructed(SmD=0.76,95%CI:0.40-1.12,pmD=0.47,95%CI:0.00-0.95,p=0.049)when compared with the legs of healthy *** reconstructed leg also had a higher motor threshold when compared with the non-reconstructed leg(SmD=0.20,95%CI:0.06-0.34,p=0.005).These changes were paralleled by bilateral reductions in quadriceps strength(ACL reconstructed:SmD=-0.78,95%CI:-1.07 to-0.49,pmD=-0.32,95%CI:-0.63 to-0.01,p=0.042)and quadriceps voluntary activation(ACL reconstructed:SmD=-0.73,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.50,pmD=-0.55,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.27,pmpared with healthy ***:There is increased excitability of the spinal-reflex pathways and reduced excitability of the corticospinal pathways following ACL *** changes are paralleled by reductions in quadriceps strength and voluntary activation,suggesting that rehabilitation interventions should focus on normalizing the excitability of neural pathways to effectively address quadriceps dysfunction aft

关键词： ACLR Cortical excitability H-reflex Transcranial magnetic stimulation TmS

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Neurotrophin treatment to promote regeneration after traumatic CNS injury

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第5期8卷 486-495页

作者： Lakshmi KELAmANGALATH George m. smith Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation Department of Neuroscience & Shriners Hospitals for Pediatric Research Temple UniversitySchool of Medieine Philadelphia PA 19140-4106 USA

Neurotrophins are a family of growth factors that have been found to be central for the development and functional maintenance of the nervous system, participating in neurogenesis, neuronal survival, axonal growth, synaptogenesis and activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity. Trauma in the adult nervous system can disrupt the functional circuitry of neurons and result in severe functional deficits. The limitation of intrinsic growth capacity of adult nervous system and the presence of an inhospitable environment are the major hurdles for axonal regeneration of lesioned adult neurons. Neurotrophic factors have been shown to be excellent candidates in mediating neuronal repair and establishing functional circuitry via activating several growth signaling mechanisms including neuron-intrinsic regenerative programs. Here, we will review the effects of various neurotrophins in mediating recovery after injury to the adult spinal cord.

关键词： axonal guidance neurotrophin regeneration functional recovery sprouting

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Quantum photonics: feature introduction

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Photonics Research 2019年第12期7卷 I0001-I0002页

作者： XIAN-mIN JIN m.S.KIm BRIAN J.smith School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China QOLS Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of Physics and Oregon Center for Optical Molecularand Quantum ScienceUniversity of OregonEugeneOregon 97403USA

Photons,the individual quanta of the light field,are what the science of quantum photonics is dedicatedly *** manipulation and coherent control of photons in quantum photonics enables the exploration of various quantum phenomena of high fundamental *** the meantime,due to the fast speed and a lack of the interaction with the environment,photons are now regarded as a promising platform for the emerging quantum information processing(QIP)***,there is a growing number of works on quantum computing,quantum communication,and quantum metrology that are solidly based on the techniques of quantum photonics.

关键词： quantum coherent enable

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Regulation of the SQUAmOSA PROmOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes/microRNA 156 module by the Homeodomain Proteins PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in Arabidopsis

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molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 1123-1132页

作者： Shruti Lal Leo Bryan Pacis Harley m.S. smith Genetics Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Center for Plant Cell Biology Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The morphology of inflorescences is regulated in part by the temporal and spatial events that regulate flower specification. In Arabidopsis, an endogenous flowering time pathway mediated by a subset of SQUAmOSA PROmOTER- BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE （SPL） transcription factors, including SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5, function to specify flowers by activating floral meristem identity genes. During shoot development, SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA156 （miR156）. The photoperiod regulated florigenic signal, FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT）, promotes floral induction, in part by activating SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5. In turn, these SPLs function in parallel with FT to specify flower meristems. Two related BELLl-like homeobox genes PENNYWISE （PNY） and POUND-FOOLISH （PNF） expressed in the shoot apical meristem are absolutely required for the specification of floral meristems. Genetic studies show that the floral specification function of FT depends upon PNYand PNF; however, the interplay between these homeodomain proteins and SPLs is not known. In this manuscript, we show that the photoperiodic floral induction of SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 is dependent upon PNY and PNE Further, PNY and PNF also control SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 expression by negatively regulating miR156. Lastly, ectopic expres- sion of SPL4 partially rescues the pny pnf non-flower-producing phenotype, while overexpression of SPL3 or SPL5 in pny pnf plants was unable to restore flower specification. These results suggest that：（1） SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 function is dependent upon PNY and PNF, or （2） expression of multiple SPLs is required for floral specification in pny pnf plants.

关键词： Development meristem homeodomain flowering microRNA.

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Long-term effects of fire frequency and season on herbaceous vegetation in savannas of the Kruger National Park,South Africa

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 71-83页

作者： melinda D.smith Brian Wvan Wilgen Catherine E.Burns Navashni Govender Andre L.F.Potgieter sandy Andelman Harry C.Biggs Judith Botha Winston S.W.Trollope Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityPO Box 208106New HavenCT 06520USA Centre for Invasion Biology Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Natural Resources and the EnvironmentPO Box 320Stellenbosch 7600South Africa North Carolina Chapter Office The Nature Conservancy4705 University DriveSuite 290DurhamNC 27707USA Scientific Services South African National ParksPrivate Bag X402Skukuza 1350South Africa Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring(TEAM)NetworkConservation International2011 Crystal DriveSuite 500ArlingtonVA 22202USA Department of Livestock and Pasture Science University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa

Aims:The long-term effects of changing fire regimes on the herbaceous component of savannas are poorly understood but essential for understanding savanna *** present results from one of the longest running(>44 years)fire experiments in savannas,the experimental burn plots(EBPs),which is located in the Kruger National Park(South Africa)and encompasses four major savanna vegetation types that span broad spatial gradients of rainfall(450–700 mm)and soil ***:Herbaceous vegetation was sampled twice in the EBPs using a modified step-point method,once prior to initiation of the experiment(1954)and again after 44–47 *** combinations of three fire frequency(1-,2-and 3-year return intervals)and five season(before the first spring rains,after the first spring rains,mid-summer,late summer and autumn)treatments,as well as a fire exclusion treatment,were applied at the plot level(;7 ha each),with each treatment(n=12 total)replicated four times at each of the four sites(n=192 plots total).The effects of long-term alterations to the fire regime on grass community structure and composition were analyzed separately for each *** Findings:Over the 44+years duration of the experiment,fires were consistently more intense on sites with higher mean annual rainfall(>570 mm),whereas fires were not as intense or consistent for sites with lower and more variable rainfall(mm)and potentially higher herbivory due to greater soil *** the plots were open to grazing,the impacts of herbivory along with more variable rainfall regimes likely minimized the effects of fire for the more arid *** a consequence,fire effects on grass community structure and composition were most marked for the higher rainfall sites and generally not significant for the more arid *** the high-rainfall sites,frequent dry season fires(1-to 3-year return intervals)resulted in high grass richness,evenness and diversity,whereas fire exclusion and growing se

关键词： climate fire intensity grass herbivory soil fertility

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Landsat 8 and Alos DEm geological mapping reveals the architecture of the giant mesoproterozoic Kunene Complex anorthosite suite(Angola/Namibia)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 308-328页

作者： Jeremie Lehmann Alan m.Brower Trishya m.Owen-smith Grant m.Bybee Ben Hayes Department of Geology University of JohannesburgSouth Africa Jurumani Solutions Midrand 1685South Africa School of Geosciences University of the Witwatersrand2050 JohannesburgSouth Africa

The quasi-monomineralic composition and huge spatial extent of massif-type anorthosites make detecting lithological regions and boundaries *** use processed Landsat 8 OLI multispectral images and ALOS digital elevation models integrated with field and petrographic observations to characterize the architecture of the≥17,000 km2 mesoproterozoic Kunene Complex(KC)anorthosite suite in Angola and *** of false colour composite bands 6,4 and 1 and band ratios 4/2(ferric minerals),6/5(ferrous minerals)and 6/7(OH-bearing minerals),as well as assessment of the PCA and mNF matrices of eigenvectors and eigenvalues from Landsat 8 data using available spectral libraries,have substantially improved the interpretation of the Kunene Complex rock types and *** dataset shows that the reflectance signature of KC anorthositic rocks is primarily a function of the degree of metasomatism,which is most significant in olivine-poor rock *** weathering intensity of the olivine-bearing anorthosite substrate is another control on the remote sensing *** remote sensing and field-based approach has enabled us to divide the KC anorthosite suite into six distinct spectral and architecture domains and at least four distinct magmatic plutons when considering available high-precision geochronological *** northernmost pluton(ca.1380 ma)of massive,olivine-bearing anorthosite shows distinct remote sensing signatures in the band ratio and mNF images marked by the dominance of OH-bearing and subordinate ferric *** central pluton(1412–1400 ma)is composed of NNE-to N-striking steeply dipping interlayered olivine-bearing and olivinepoor anorthosite,which correspond to ridges of dark-coloured,low albedo rocks with subordinate slightly oxidised ferrous mineral spectral signatures,and valleys of low albedo and OH-bearing mineral spectral signatures.A NNE-striking tectonic zone along a linear belt of KC granite gneiss separates the northern and central plu

关键词： Remote sensing Structural geology LANDSAT 8 Alos DEm Lineaments Proterozoic massif-type anorthosite

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Evolution of Strigolactone Perception by Seeds of Parasitic Plants： Reinventing the Wheel

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molecular Plant 2016年第4期9卷 493-495页

作者： Xiong, Guosheng Li, Jiayang smith, Steven m. Chinese Acad Agr Sci Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen Shenzhen 518124 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Plant Genom Inst Genet & Dev Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Natl Ctr Plant Gene Res Beijing Inst Genet & Dev Biol Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Univ Tasmania Sch Biol Sci Hobart Tas 7001 Australia

A BEWITCHING PROCESS The root-parasitic plants of the witchweed family （Orobanchan- ceae） produce seeds that are adapted to germinate in response to strigolactones （SLs） exuded from the roots of their host plants. The resulting colonization of crops such as maize and sorghum by these parasites can cause massive losses in production and to the livelihoods of farmers （Westwood et al., 2010）.

关键词： root-parasitic plants witchweed

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Effect of Pressure on Intermediate Valence States in Cerium Kondo Compounds

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Journal of Rare Earths 2004年第1期22卷 7-12页

作者： Oomi G Kagayama T smith J L Lacerda A H Kaji S Ohashi m Department of Physics Kyushu University Ropponmatsu Fukuoka 810-8560 Japan Department of mechanical Engineering and materials Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan materials Science and Technology Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

Electrical resistance, thermal expansion, lattice constants of the intermediate valence materials, α-Ce and CeBe 13, were measured at high pressure. It is found that the Grüneisen parameters of Kondo temperature T K are 13 and 42 for α-Ce and CeBe 13, respectively, and it decreases with increasing pressure. The magnetoresistance of α-Ce shows H2 dependence and its coefficient increases with pressure below 1 GPa, but becomes nearly constant above 1 GPa. The results indicate that the intermediate valence states are enhanced at high pressure indicating the enhancement of hybridization between the 4f electron and conduction band.

关键词： condensel physics intermediate valence materials cerium rare earths

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori in times of increasing antibiotic resistance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9912-9921页

作者： Sinéad m.smith Colm O’morain Deirdre mcNamara Department of Clinical medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity CentreAdelaide and Meath Hospital School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Department of Gastroenterology Adelaide and Meath Hospital

The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori(***)causes chronic gastritis,gastric and duodenal ulcers,gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue *** is recommended in all symptomatic *** current treatment options for *** infection are outlined in this review in light of the recent challenges in eradication success,largely due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of *** resistance is a constantly evolving process and numerous studies have shown that the prevalence of *** antibiotic resistance varies significantly from country to country,and even between regions within the same *** addition,recent data has shown that previous antibiotic use is associated with harbouring antibiotic resistant *** surveillance of antibiotic resistance is warranted to guide clinicians in their choice of *** resistance is assessed by *** culture and antimicrobial susceptibility *** developed molecular tests offer an attractive alternative to culture and allow for the rapid molecular genetic identification of *** and resistance-associated mutations directly from biopsy samples or bacterial culture *** evidence indicates that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance by susceptibility testing is feasible and necessary to inform clinicians in their choice of therapy for management of *** infection.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Polymerase chain reaction molecular test

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美国CSUS混合式教学实践经验的浅析

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电气电子教学学报 2018年第2期40卷 92-96页

作者：周静 Lorenzo m.smith Perry Heedley Dennis Dahlquist 侯世英重庆大学电气工程学院重庆400044 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering California State University

本文在了解美国混合式教学法的实践及研究现状的基础,提出工程技术类课程开展混合式教学的难点,并重点介绍了美国加州州立大学萨克拉门托分校(CSUS)两门课程开展混合式教学的成功经验。以重庆大学"电工电子学"课程的混合式教学实践为案... 详细信息

本文在了解美国混合式教学法的实践及研究现状的基础,提出工程技术类课程开展混合式教学的难点,并重点介绍了美国加州州立大学萨克拉门托分校(CSUS)两门课程开展混合式教学的成功经验。以重庆大学"电工电子学"课程的混合式教学实践为案例,反思教学过程中存在的问题。通过对比发现,合理的课程构建是影响混合式教学效果的重要因素。

关键词：混合式教学工程技术课程教学方法

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