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中国循证医学杂志 2014年第7期14卷 783-788页

作者： John N. Lavis John-Arne Rottingen Xavier Bosch-Capblanch Rifat Atun Fadi E1-Jardali Lucy Gilson Simon Lewin Sandy Oliver Pierre Ongolo-Zogo Andy Haines 吴琼芳(译) 王小琴(译) 陈耀龙(审校) 杨克虎(审校) McMaster Health Forum Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatisticsand Department of Political ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorway Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and MalariaGenevaSwitzerland and Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Health Policy and Management American University of BeirutBeirutLebanon and McMaster Health ForumMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada University of Cape Town Cape TownSouth Africaand London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorwayand Health Systems Research UnitMedical Research Council of South AfricaCape TownSouth Africa EPPI-Centre Social Science Research UnitInstitute of EducationLondonUnited Kingdom Centre for the Development of Best Practices in Health Yaounde"Central Hospitaland University of Yaounde"Yaounde"Cameroon London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LondonUnited Kingdom 兰州大学循证医学中心/中同GRADE中心兰州大学基础医学院兰州730000 甘肃省循证医学与临床转化重点实验室兰州730000

本文是《PLoS Medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第二篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点是:①背景因素在卫生系统决策中极其重要,政策制定者在采用具体卫生... 详细信息

本文是《PLoS Medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第二篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点是:①背景因素在卫生系统决策中极其重要,政策制定者在采用具体卫生系统指导前,必须全面考虑不同方案的利弊;②全球指导制定者和政策制定者、国家指导制定者和政策制定者有必要分工协作以支持卫生系统知证决策;③负责在全球层面制定卫生系统指导的小组可以通过确保其成果能用于全球层面和国家层面的政策制定以及国家层面的指导制定,来发挥其最大作用;④指导和政策的制定需要严格的全球和国家卫生系统分析和政策系统分析的支持;⑤指导制定和政策制定的分工以及支持卫生系统和政策分析的框架有待进一步研究。

关键词：国家卫生系统政策指导分工协作卫生干预背景因素

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卫生系统知证政策指导：评估对研究证据的信心

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中国循证医学杂志 2014年第7期14卷 789-794页

作者： Simon Lewin Xavier Bosch-Capblanch Sandy Oliver Elie A.Akl Gunn E.Vist John N.Lavis Davina Ghersi John-Arne Rottingen Peter Steinmann Metin Gulmezoglu Peter Tugwell Fadi ElJardali Andy Haines 王小琴(译) 王琪(译) 陈耀龙(审校) 杨克虎(审校) Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorwayand Health Systems Research UnitMedical Research Council of South AfricaCape TownSouth Africa Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Baseland University of BaselBaselSwitzerland EPPI-Centre Social Science Research UnitInstitute of EducationLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Medicine State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUnited States of Americaand Department of Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorway McMaster Health Forum Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatisticsand Department of Political ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Research Policy and Cooperation Informationl Evidence and ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorway Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programmer of Research Development and Research Training in Human ReproductionWorld Health OrganizationSwitzerland Department of Medicine Institute of Population Healthand Department of Epidemiology and Community MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada Department of Health Policy and Management American University of BeirutBeirutLebanonand McMaster Health ForumMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Departments of Social and Environmental Health Research and of Nutrition and Public Health Research London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom 兰州大学循证医学中心/中国GRADE中心兰州大学基础医学院兰州730000 甘肃省循证医学与临床转化重点实验室兰州730000

本文是《PLoS Medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第三篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点如下:①评估不同类型研究证据是决定解决卫生系统问题的政策方案的关... 详细信息

本文是《PLoS Medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第三篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点如下:①评估不同类型研究证据是决定解决卫生系统问题的政策方案的关键;②鉴于许多卫生系统干预的复杂性,系统透明的评价方法尤为重要;③当前有不少好的工具可用于评价对支持政策制定各阶段不同类型的研究证据的信心,其中评价关于效果的证据最多;④我们需要制定工具来帮助评价其他关键因素的系统评价证据,如政策方案对于利益相关者的可接受性、实施可行性及公平性;⑤还需要进一步研究全球卫生系统指导政策方案的制定、构建及呈现方法。

关键词：卫生系统评价证据政策指导信心评估利益相关者 PLoS 卫生干预

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卫生系统知证政策指导：指导制定的基本原理和挑战

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中国循证医学杂志 2014年第7期14卷 777-782页

作者： Xavier Bosch-Capblanch John N. Lavis Simon Lewin Rifat Atun John-Arne Rottingen Daniel Droesche Lise Beck Edgardo Abalos Fadi El-Jardali Lucy Gilson Sandy Oliver Kaspar Wyss Peter Tugwell Regina Kulier Tikki Pang Andy Haines 王琪(译) 吴琼芳(译) 陈耀龙(审校) 杨克虎(审校) Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland McMaster Health Forum Centre for Health Economics and Policy AnalysisDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatisticsand Department of Political ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services OsloNorwayand Health Systems Research UnitMedical Research Council of South AfricaCape TownSouth Africa Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and MalariaGenevaSwitzerland Harvard Kennedy School CambridgeMassachusettsUnited States of America Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales RosarioArgentina Department of Health Policy and Management American University of BeirutBeirutLebanonand McMaster Health ForumMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada School of Public Health University of Cape Town and Department of Global Health and DevelopmentLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineUnited Kingdom EPPI-Centre Social Science Research UnitInstitute of EducationLondonUnited Kingdom Centre for Global Health Institute of Population HealthUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada Innovation InformationEvidence and ResearchWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Departments of Social and Environmental Health Research and of Nutrition and Public Health Research London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom 兰州大学循证医学中心/中国GRADE中心兰州大学基础医学院兰州730000 甘肃省循证医学与临床转化重点实验室兰州730000

本文是《PLoS Medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第一篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点如下:①薄弱的卫生系统阻碍了有效干预的实施,加强此系统的政策需要... 详细信息

本文是《PLoS Medicine》关于卫生系统知证政策指导三篇系列文章的第一篇,阐述了应如何将证据转化为指导,以形成卫生系统政策,并促进临床和公共卫生干预的实施。其要点如下:①薄弱的卫生系统阻碍了有效干预的实施,加强此系统的政策需要基于当前可得的最佳证据;②卫生系统证据最好以政策制定过程参考的指导的形式呈现,但目前卫生系统指导制定质量较差;③将问题、干预及实施相关的研究转化为影响卫生系统组织方式的决策和政策是卫生系统指导制定面临的一个挑战;④制定及时且适用于广大卫生系统利益相关者的指导,并确定评价卫生系统指导质量的方法是另一个挑战;⑤改编现有方法(如用于临床指南的那些方法)制定有意义的建议来应对卫生系统、政策系统及背景的复杂性,尚需进一步研究。

关键词：卫生系统政策指导卫生干预最佳证据临床指南利益相关者 PLoS 制定过程

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The different yield between wildtype cotton and transgenic ScALDH21 cotton with different irrigation treatment in desertoasis ecotone

The different yield between wildtype cotton and transgenic S...

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中国植物学会第十六次全国会员代表大会暨85周年学术年会

作者： Honglan Yang Daoyuan Zhang Xiaoping Chen Mel J oliver Jiancheng Wang Zhiming Qi Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in arid land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Services and Interdisciplinary Plant Group University of Missouri

Water scare is the most inhibition factor that limits oasis-desert agricultural production,and cotton is the most economically important crops in oasis-desert ecotone.Thus,minimize drought-caused crop losses but increase crop production making cotton more drought tolerant is an expected goal in agriculture.Many genes with functions in abiotic stress tolerance were identified,and overexpression of these genes confers increased drought tolerance in transgenic plants.The overexpression ScALDH21（coding the aldehyde dehydrogenases） cotton was field-tested under six different irrigation treatments（RZWQM2 model simulated water full irrigation（DFI） and deficit irrigation（DDI）,sensor-based full irrigation（SFI） and deficit irrigation（SDI）,and experience-based full irrigation（EFI） and deficit irrigation（EDI）） to compare the transgenic cotton behavior and to give optimal irrigation mode in desert-oasis ecotone.The results showed that ScALDH21-transgenic cotton possess higher plant height and larger leaf area,higher chlorophyll content,net photosynthesis rate and better water use,and higher cotton yield and better fiber quality no matter in full or deficit irrigation treatment.Based on the water input and cotton yield of ScALDH21 cotton,some suggestions in sandy loam soil cotton field were raised:（1） if it is possible to install forecast irrigation system,the DDI is smart and should be selected with less than 282 mm irrigation amount;（2） If SFI is selected,the irrigation amount is approximate 362 mm.（3） Consideration of input cost of the local people,if only flood irrigation is used,the irrigation amount of EDI is at least 410 mm.Under these irrigation modes,the cotton filed could save more water without cotton yield loss.The results evident that the ScALDH21-transgenic cotton is indeed more drought tolerant than receptor line（NT） and kept higher yield.Furthermore,the optimal irrigation mode and minimum water requirement was put forward which have practical guiding significance in arid zone.

关键词： Water shortage Irrigation styles Deficit irrigation Transgenic ScALDH21 Cotton yield

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