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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第5期29卷 1365-1377页

作者： R.W.James Dennis Jay R.malcolm sandy m.smith m.Isabel Bellocq Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto 33 Willcocks St.Toronto ON M5S 3B3 Canada Departamento de Ecología Genética y EvoluciónFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires and IEGEBA (CONICET)Buenos Aires Argentina

Saproxylic insect assemblages are essential functional components of forest ecosystems that can be affected by forest *** used a split-plot ANOVA design to analyze differences in selected saproxylic insects（all arthropod orders and dipteran and parasitic hymenopteran families） emerging from dead wood of sites with different logging histories（horse-logged,mechanically-logged and unlogged）,tree species（Populus and Picea）,stage of decay（early-and late-decay stages） and posture（standing and downed logs） in the boreal forest of central *** clear effects of logging history were seen for the studied taxa; however,interaction between logging history and other dead wood features was *** consistently emerged more from Populus than from Picea dead *** of the studied saproxylic families were more abundant in late-decay than in early-decay *** of the Cecidomyiidae,Ceratopogonidae,Empididae,mycetophilidae and Sciaridae families,and hymenopterans of the Diapriidae and Ichneumonidae families were significantly more abundant in downed than in standing dead *** contrast,mymaridae was most abundant in standing dead *** study provides evidence that some insects at high taxonomic levels respond differently to dead wood quality,and this could inform future management strategies in the boreal forest for the conservation of saproxylic fauna and their ecological functions.

关键词： Boreal forest Dead wood quality Forest harvesting High-level taxa Saproxylic insects

microstructure segmentation with deep learning encoders pre-trained on a large microscopy dataset

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 1905-1916页

作者： Joshua Stuckner Bryan Harder Timothy m.smith materials and Structures Division NASA Glenn Research Center21000 Brookpark RdClevelandOH44135USA

This study examined the improvement of microscopy segmentation intersection over union accuracy by transfer learning from a large dataset of microscopy images called *** neural network encoder architectures were trained on over 100,000 labeled microscopy images from 54 material *** pre-trained encoders were then embedded into multiple segmentation architectures including UNet and DeepLabV3+to evaluate segmentation performance on created benchmark microscopy *** to ImageNet pre-training,models pre-trained on microNet generalized better to out-of-distribution micrographs taken under different imaging and sample conditions and were more accurate with less training *** training with only a single Ni-superalloy image,pre-training on microNet produced a 72.2%reduction in relative intersection over union *** results suggest that transfer learning from large in-domain datasets generate models with learned feature representations that are more useful for downstream tasks and will likely improve any microscopy image analysis technique that can leverage pre-trained encoders.

关键词： union intersection image

Strigolactones redefine plant hormones

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第10期59卷 1083-1085页

作者： Lu Wang Steven m.smith School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of sciences

A commonly accepted view of plant growth hormones is that their interaction with the cognate receptor protein is reversible, so that each hormone molecule can potentially interact multiple times with a receptor and so either amplify the hormone signal or maintain it over an extended period of time. The signal can be ＇cancelled＇ by degrading the hormone. Strigolactones present us with a potentially new paradigm. The receptor is a serine hydrolase-type protein which attacks the strigolactone resulting in covalent modi- fication of the receptor, while at the same time destroying the hormone. Strigolactone is apparently a one-use ＇dispos- able＇ hormone.

关键词：植物激素受体蛋白定义植物生长激素相互作用激素信号酸水解

History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第2期4卷 167-183页

作者： David B.smith Steven m.smith John D.Horton U.S.Geological Survey.Denver Federal Center MS 973.DenverCO 80225USA

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United *** earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to *** project used soil collected from a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous *** National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the *** of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in both the conterminous *** *** sampled area represented about 65%of the *** Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous *** data set contains analyses of more than 3000 *** National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the *** covered by the NURE-HSSR *** data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 *** USGS,in collaboration with the mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in *** of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the *** completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently *** NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the *** data set currently contains data from more than 1400 *** paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms

关键词： Geochemical mapping National-scale geochemical data Geochemical baselines United States

Breeding high-yield superior quality hybrid super rice by rational design

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National Science Review 2016年第3期3卷 283-294页

作者： Qian Qian Longbiao Guo Steven m.smith Jiayang Li State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research(Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania

The challenge of meeting the increasing demand for worldwide rice production has driven a sustained quest for advances in rice breeding for yield. Two breakthroughs that led to quantum leaps in productivity last century were the introduction of semidwarf varieties and of hybrid rice. Subsequent gains in yield have been incremental. The next major leap in rice breeding is now upon us through the application of rational design to create defined ideotypes. The exploitation of wide-cross compatibility and intersubspecific heterosis,combined with rapid genome sequencing and the molecular identification of genes for major yield and quality traits have now unlocked the potential for rational design.

关键词： Oryza sativa L super rice hybrids molecular breeding grain yield grain quality

Automated SNP Genotype Clustering Algorithm to Improve Data Completeness in High-Throughput SNP Genotyping Datasets from Custom Arrays

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2007年第3期5卷 256-259页

作者： Edward m.smith Jack Littrell michael Olivier Human and molecular Genetics Center Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA.

High-throughput SNP genotyping platforms use automated genotype calling algorithms to assign genotypes. While these algorithms work efficiently for individual platforms, they are not compatible with other platforms, and have individual biases that result in missed genotype calls. Here we present data on the use of a second complementary SNP genotype clustering algorithm. The algorithm was originally designed for individual fluorescent SNP genotyping assays, and has been optimized to permit the clustering of large datasets generated from custom-designed Affymetrix SNP panels. In an analysis of data from a 3K array genotyped on 1,560 samples, the additional analysis increased the overall number of genotypes by over 45,000, significantly improving the completeness of the experimental data. This analysis suggests that the use of multiple genotype calling algorithms may be advisable in high-throughput SNP genotyping experiments. The software is written in Perl and is available from the corresponding author.

关键词： clustering SNP genotyping algorithm

Epidemiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in veterans: a retrospective casecontrol study

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 99-104页

作者： Logan m.smith Shiv Lamba Carol L.Karp Anat Galor miami Veterans Administration medical Center 1201 NW 16th StMiamiFL 33125USA Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Flint Hill School OaktonVirginiaUSA

Background:A number of risk factors have been evaluated in ocular surface squamous neoplasia,but few studies have assessed risk factors specific to the armed forces veteran ***:We conducted a retrospective case-control study on 55 patients and 55 age-matched controls with biopsy-proven ocular surface squamous neoplasia from the miami Veterans Administration Hospital Eye Clinic to investigate potential risk factors encountered by veterans,including service-specific ***-specific risk factors included ionizing radiation exposure,Agent Orange exposure,deployment to Southwest Asia,and exposure to the series of biochemical warfare tests known as Project Shipboard Hazard and *** was analyzed with SPSS(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL)using t-tests,chi-squared,and logistic regression analysis,with a p-value ofmous neoplasia was lifetime sun exposure both directly assessed via historical quantification of exposure by dermatology practitioners(Odds Ratio(OR)5.4,95%Confidence Interval(CI)2.27–12.847,pmarkers of basal cell carcinoma(OR 3.157,95%CI 1.286–7.748,p=0.010)and pingueculae(OR 5.267,95%CI 2.104–13.186,pment were not associated with an increased risk of ocular surface squamous *** to ionizing radiation and involvement in Project Shipboard Hazard and Defense were not documented among any cases or ***:The results of our study are consistent with prior established risk factors,namely highlighting the important role of sun exposure in ocular surface squamous neoplasia among veterans.

关键词： Ocular surface squamous neoplasia Risk factors Veteran population

Proton-Resistant Quantum Dots: Stability in Gastrointestinal Fluids and Implications for Oral Delivery of Nanoparticle Agents

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Nano Research 2009年第6期2卷 500-508页

作者： Aaron m.mohs Hongwei Duan Brad A.Kairdolf Andrew m.smith Shuming Nie Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology101 Woodruff Circle NESuite 2001AtlantaGeorgia 30322USA

Semiconductor quantum dots(QDs)have shown great promise as fluorescent probes for molecular,cellular and in vivo ***,the fluorescence of traditional polymer-encapsulated QDs is often quenched by proton-induced etching in acidic *** is a major problem for applications of QDs in the gastrointestinal tract because the gastric(stomach)environment is strongly acidic(pH 12).Here we report the use of proton-resistant surface coatings to stabilize QD fl uorescence under acidic *** both hyperbranched polyethylenimine(PEI)and its polyethylene glycol derivative(PEG-grafted PEI),we show that the fl uorescence of coreshell CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs is effectively protected from quenching in simulated gastric *** comparison,amphiphilic lipid or polymer coatings provide no protection under similarly acidic *** proton-resistant QDs are found to cause moderate membrane damage to cultured epithelial cells,but PEGylation(PEG grafting)can be used to reduce cellular toxicity and to improve nanoparticle stability.

关键词： Nanoparticle quantum dot oral delivery gastrointestinal polyethylenimine(PEI) polyethylene glycol(PEG)

Estimation of the density of neural,glial,and endothelial lineage cells in the adult mouse dentate gyrus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1286-1292页

作者： Joshua D.Rieskamp Patricia Sarchet Bryon m.smith Elizabeth D.Kirby Neuroscience Graduate Program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Psychology The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Neuroscience The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Chronic Brain Injury Program The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

The dentate gyrus subregion of the mammalian hippocampus is an adult neural stem cell niche and site of lifelong *** regarding the role of adult-born neuron synaptic integration in hippocampal circuit function are framed by robust estimations of adultborn versus pre/perinatally-born neuron *** contrast,the non-neurogenic functions of adult neural stem cells and their immediate progeny,such as secretion of bioactive growth factors and expression of extracellular matrix-modifying proteins,lack similar framing due to few estimates of their number versus other prominent secretory ***,we apply immunohistochemical methods to estimate cell density of neural stem/progenitor cells versus other major classes of glial and endothelial cell types that are potentially secretory in the dentate gyrus of adult *** the cell types quantified,we found that GFAP^(+)SOX2^(+)stellate astrocytes were the most numerous,followed by CD31^(+)endothelia,GFAP-SOX2^(+)intermediate progenitors,Olig2^(+)oligodendrocytes,Iba1+microglia,and GFAP^(+)SOX2^(+)radial glia-like neural stem *** did not observe any significant sex differences in density of any cell ***,neural stem/progenitor cells were present at a similar density as several cell types known to have potent functional roles via their *** findings may be useful for refining hypotheses regarding the contributions of these cell types to regulating hippocampal function and their potential therapeutic *** experimental protocols were approved by the Ohio State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(protocol#2016A00000068)on July 14,2016.

关键词： adult neurogenesis dentate gyrus endothelia glia hippocampus neural stem cell secretome stereology

APPLICATION OF WYATT-WHITE mETHOD TO CALCULATING INTRINSIC RATES OF INCREASE FOR HYmENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS

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Zoological Research 1993年第3期14卷 208-214页

作者：况荣平 sandy m.smith 中国科学院昆明动物研究所昆明650223 多伦多大学森林系

The method developed by Wyatt and White (1977) was applied to calculate the intrinsic rates of increase for parasitoids based on 23 fecundity data sets from the literature. The studies showed that there existed the linear relationship between the accurate values of rm and In f (md) / d or In (A/d/2) / d, that is, 1) rm= 0.845 In (md) / d or 2) rm= 0.880 In (md/ 2) / d. Where d is the prereproductive time, md is the number of female offspring produced per original female from the first to the dthday of reproduction, and md/2 is the number of female offspring produced per original female from the first to the (d/ 2) th day of reproduction. These equations can provide the accurate estimates of rm for parasitoids in this study. The approach is advantageous because it does not require the construction of detailed fecundity tables for estimating parasitoid rates of increase. Of course, whether these equations are appropriate for the other taxa will need to be further studied.

关键词： Parasitoid Intrinsic rate of increase Calculation