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Spatiotemporal behavior of predators and prey in an arid environment of Central Asia

Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 670-681页

作者： Marcello Franchini Luciano Atzeni sandro lovari Battogtokh Nasanbat Samiya Ravchig Francisco Ceacero Herrador Giovanni Bombieri Claudio Augugliaro Department of Research and Conservation Wildlife Initiative ItaliaVia Rovigo1231040 Pederobba(TV)Italy Department of Agri-Food Environmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineVia Sondrio 2/A33100UdineItaly Wildlife Institute School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Maremma Natural History Museum Grossetoand Department of Life SciencesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzech Republic Institute of Biology Mongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatarMongolia School of Arts and Sciences National University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia World Biodiversity Association—C/o Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Lungadige Porta Vittoria 937129 VeronaItalia Wildlife Initiative Bayangol6th KhorooMicro District 10Ulaanbaatar 210349Mongolia Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBiophoreQuartier SorgeLausanneCH-1015Switzerland

The mechanisms of interactions between apex and smaller carnivores may range from competition to facilitation.Conversely,interactions between predators and prey are mainly driven by the prey reducing the likelihood of encounters with predators.In this study,we investigated(1)the spatiotemporal interactions between an apex(the snow leopard)and a meso-predator(the red fox),and(2)the temporal interactions between the snow leopard and its potential prey(Siberian ibex,argali,Asian wild ass,Tolai hare)through camera trapping in the Mongolian Great Gobi-A.The probability of occurrence for the red fox was higher in the presence of the snow leopard than in its absence.Moreover,the red fox activity pattern matched that of the snow leopard,with both species mostly active at sunset.This positive spatiotemporal interaction suggests that the presence of the snow leopard may be beneficial for the red fox in terms of scavenging opportunities.However,other explanations may also be possible.Amongst prey,the Siberian ibex and the argali were mainly active during the day,whereas the Asian wild ass and the Tolai hare were more nocturnal.These findings suggest that potential prey(especially the Siberian ibex and the argali)may shape their behavior to decrease the opportunity for encounters with the snow leopard.Our results have revealed complex interactions between apex and smaller predators andbetween apexpredatorand its potential prey.

关键词： avoidance facilitation Mongolia Panthera uncia ungulates Vulpes vulpes

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Joint effects of weather and interspecific competition on foraging behavior and survival of a mountain herbivore

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 165-175页

作者： Francesco FERRETTI sandro lovari Philip A. STEPHENS Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology Ethology and Wildlife Management Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Via P.A. Mattioli 4 53100 Siena Italy Conservation Ecology Group Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Maremma Natural History Museum Strada Corsini 5 58100 Grosseto Italy

Weather variations have the potential to in fluence species interactions, although effects on competitive interactions between species are poorly known. Both weather and competition can influence foraging behavior and survival of herbivores during nursing/weaning, a critical period in the herbivore life cycle. We evaluated the joint effects of weather and competition with red deer Cervus elaphus on the foraging behavior of adult female Apen nine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata in summer, and on winter survival of chamois kids. High temperature and low rainfall during the growing seas on of vegetation had negative effects on bite rate. Effects of weather were greater in forb patches, including cold-adapted, nutritious plants of key importanee to chamois, than in graminoid ones. Our results confirm previous indications of a negative effect of competition on bite rate of female chamois and on kid survival. Furthermore, harsh weather conditions and competition with deer had additive, negative roles on foraging behavior and survival of chamois. Growing temperatures are expected to influence distribution, growth, and/or nutritional quality of plants;competition would reduce pasture quality and food availability through resource depletion. Both factors would limit food/energy intake rates during summer, reducing survival of the youngest cohorts in winter. We suggest that interspecific competition can be an important additive factor to the effects of weather changes on behavior and demography.

关键词： chamois foraging behavior global changes interspecific interactions resource exploitation ungulates

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