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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: Biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9330-9337页

作者： sandra Milic Davorka Lulic Davor Stimac Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital Rijeka

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. Presentation of the disease ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that includes central abdominal obesity along with other components. Up to 80% of patients with NAFLD are obese, defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. However, the distribution of fat tissue plays a greater role in insulin resistance than the BMI. The large amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) individuals contributes to a high prevalence of NAFLD. Free fatty acids derived from VAT tissue, as well as from dietary sources and de novo lipogenesis, are released to the portal venous system. Excess free fatty acids and chronic low-grade inflammation from VAT are considered to be two of the most important factors contributing to liver injury progression in NAFLD. In addition, secretion of adipokines from VAT as well as lipid accumulation in the liver further promotes inflammation through nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, which are also activated by free fatty acids, and contribute to insulin resistance. Most NAFLD patients are asymptomatic on clinical presentation, even though some may present with fatigue, dyspepsia, dull pain in the liver and hepatosplenomegaly. Treatment for NAFLD and NASH involves weight reduction through lifestyle modifications, anti-obesity medication and bariatric surgery. This article reviews the available information on the biochemical and metabolic phenotypes associated with obesity and fatty liver disease. The relative contribution of visceral and liver fat to insulin resistance is discussed, and recommendations for clinical evaluation of affected individuals is provided.

关键词： Fatty liver Insulin resistance Intra-abdominal fat Metabolism Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity

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Pandemic punch:SARS-CoV-2 hits pancreas

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1779-1780页

作者： Ninel Azoitei sandra Heller Alexander Kleger Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology Clinic of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health systems,revealing the extensive repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 beyond respiratory ***,traditionally considered a respiratory virus,SARS-CoV-2’s showcased the ability to target multiple organ systems including pancreas,an organ crucial for regulating blood sugar levels and aiding digestion.

关键词： pancreas respiratory traditionally

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Climatic and fire determinants of early life-history stages in the Mediterranean shrub Cistus albidus

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 3-11页

作者： sandra Saura-Mas Anna Saperas Franciso Lloret Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF) E 08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Unit of Ecology Department of Animal and Plant Biology and EcologyAutonomous University of BarcelonaE-08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Aims Cistus albidus reproductive traits have been studied on typical Mediterranean shrublands along a water availability gradient in Northeastern Iberian *** of this species is known to be highly favoured by ***,Mediterranean species are particularly dependent on water ***,we establish the hypothesis that in addition to fire disturbance,seedling recruitment in this Mediterranean seeder will be improved in drought-induced episodes resulting in generalized canopy *** Individuals of several populations of *** were collected and the size,weight and number of fruits and seeds were *** tests were also carried out on five pre-germination treatments:seeds’exposure to heat shock,imbibition,two cycles of imbibition/desiccation and the combination of heat shock and imbibition and imbibition/desiccation ***,the number of seedlings after a drought event was surveyed in the field and correlated with canopy *** findings Our study shows the variability of the *** reproductive traits,such as germination rate or fruit production,along the water availability *** variability resulted in a decrease in fruit production but an increase in successful germination under drier *** albidus seeds increased germination with heat,demonstrating their ability to successfully establish after ***,recruitment was not exclusively fire dependent since seedling establishment was higher under *** canopies that had collapsed after the extreme ***,adult density increased *** die-off and mortality,as well as seedling *** results suggest that this species exhibits a trade-off between different reproductive outcomes(*** production ***),which in turn is determined by *** study also provides evidence of how intra-specific competition,climate,particularly drought events and fire disturbance,can determine th

关键词： seeder germination Cistus albidus life history Mediterranean fire drought resilience

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Effects of a poly(hydroxyalkanoate)elastomer and kraft pulp fibres on biocomposite properties and three-dimensional(3D)printability of filaments for fused deposition modelling

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第3期7卷 161-172页

作者： sandra Rodríguez-Fabià Gary Chinga-Carrasco RISE PFI Høgskoleringen 6bTrondheim 7491Norway

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is a useful technique that allows the creation of objects with complex structures by deposition of successive layers of *** materials are often from fossil ***,efforts are being made to produce environmentally friendly materials for 3D *** addition of lignocellulosic fibres to a polymer matrix is one of the alternatives to replace,for instance,glass fibres in composites as reinforcing *** fields of biocom-posites and 3D printing open innovative application areas for pulp fibres from the pulp and paper *** this work,biocomposites of poly(lactic acid)(PLA),poly(hydroxyalkanoate)(PHA)and kraft pulp fibres were prepared in order to find a suitable formulation for filaments for 3D *** effect of two different types of kraft fibres(bleached(B)and unbleached(U))and of PHA on the mechanical and thermal properties of the biocomposites was *** addition of 30%kraft fibres to PLA resulted in an increase of the tensile modulus from 3074 to∼4800 *** the case of biocomposites containing PHA(50%PLA/20%PHA/30%kraft)the increase in modulus was more moderate(PLA+PHA+U:3838 MPa,and PLA+PHA+B:3312 MPa).The tensile strength of PLA(66 MPa)increased to 77 MPa in PLA+kraft biocomposites,while a reduc-tion in strength was observed for PLA+PHA+U(43 MPa)and PLA+PHA+B(32 MPa).Filaments prepared with PLA,PHA and bleached and unbleached pulp fibres showed similar printability of complex geometries,demonstrating that unbleached pulp fibres could also be utilized in the preparation of biocomposites with good mechanical performance and 3D printing properties.

关键词： biocomposites 3D printing Poly(lactic acid) Kraft pulp

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Performance test of organic planting bags for woody plant seedlings

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 93-98页

作者： Musthofa Lutfi Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho Huy Thanh Vo Gunomo Djoyowasito Ary Mustofa Ahmad sandra sandra Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyBrawijaya UniversityMalang 65145Indonesia Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering Mien Trung University of Civil EngineeringPhu Yen 56000Vietnam

Organic planting bag has been developed to overcome both weaknesses of plastic polybags,contaminating the soil and damaging the plant’s root when *** improvement in this stage was achieved by inserting coconut fiber to strengthen a *** main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of seedling and transplanting by using organic planting bags,employed,three woody plants,i.e.,Albizia(Albizia julibrissin),Cadam(Neolamarckia cadamba)and Gmelina(Gmelina arborea).Performance testing of organic plant bags was conducted on three compositions of coconut fiber and water *** stages of experiments were conducted to know bag ***,the testing of organic plant bags during the nursery was conducted for 50 d from day 0 to day ***,the testing of organic plant bags after transplanting and observed on days 60,70,and 80,after transplanted on the *** parameters in this study were plant height,a total of roots that penetrate the organic plant bags and a total of leaves and stem diameters of plant grown in the organic bag and transplanting on *** results showed that organic planting bag with the composition 155 g of coconut fiber and 505 g of water hyacinth(A3B3)has 0.020 kg/cm^(2) compressive strength and provides the best plant growth *** strength affects the number of roots which penetrate the organic ***,the growth of seed in organic bags is faster than that in *** shows a higher growth rate(0.379 cm/d)compared to Cadam and Gmelina.

关键词： seedling effectiveness organic planting bag nursery transplanting woody plant

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Jacob's Room:A New Form fora New Novel

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2024年第1期8卷 80-91页

作者： sandra Guardini VASCONCELOS University of São Paulo

This article discusses the impact of the Post-Impressionist Exhibition that Roger Fry organized in London in 1910 on Virginia Woolf's ideas on the *** dissatisfaction with the state of the genre finds expression in her diary and in her criticism of the work of the Edwardian ***'s Room(1922),her first truly experimental novel,deploys some of the painterly techniques that the post-impressionist painters and vanguard movements of the 1910s *** represents a decisive step in her search for a new form for a new novel.

关键词： Jacob's Room Virginia Woolf essay experimental novel painting post-impressionism

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A biophysical perspective on the unexplored mechanisms driving Parkinson’s disease by amphetamine-like stimulants

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2213-2214页

作者： Carla Ferreira Joana Couceiro sandra Tenreiro Alexandre Quintas Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas MonizP-2825-084 CaparicaPortugal Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz Campus Universitário–Quinta da GranjaMonte de CaparicaP-2825-084 CaparicaPortugal Faculty of Medicine of Porto University Al.Prof.Hernâni MonteiroP-4200–319 PortoPortugal iNOVA4Health CEDOCNOVA Medical SchoolNMSUniversidade Nova de Lisboa1169-056 LisboaPortugal

Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease(PD)development in amphetamine-type stimulant users during their lifetime(Garwood et al.,2006;Rumpf et al.,2017).Protein inclusions mainly composed of misfolded and aggregatedα-synuclein are the pathological hallmark of PD and other disorders known as *** studies present evidence that amphetamine upregulatesα-synuclein synthesis in substantia *** increment ofα-synuclein levels promotes its aggregation and amyloid fibril formation,increasing reactive oxygen species(ROS),and consequently dopamine oxidation(Wang and Witt,2014),known to be toxic for dopaminergic neurons involved in motor function and limbicmotor *** the years,these damaged cells lose their functionality and may die precociously,depleting the reserve of neural cells necessary for the normal neurological function which contributes to the onset of PD,when a critical number of cells are lost(Garwood et al.,2006).Therefore,the use of amphetamine-type stimulants may be a trigger event in the development of PD and parkinsonism,in conjugation to other risk factors that a given individual may *** the evidence,a previous study suggests that there is not enough data to corroborate the loss of dopamine neurons due to human amphetamine-type stimulant exposure,and consequently its implication in the PD development(Kish et al.,2017).

关键词： driving increment lifetime

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Laser texturing of piston ring for tribological performance improvement

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Friction 2023年第10期11卷 1895-1905页

作者： Rita FERREIRA Óscar CARVALHO Luís SOBRAL sandra CARVALHO Filipe SILVA CMEMS-UMinho University of MinhoGuimarães 4800058Portugal LABBELS-Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800058Portugal CEMMPRE-Center for Mechanical Engineering Materials and ProcessesUniversity of CoimbraRua Luís Reis SantosCoimbra 3030-788Portugal MAHLE Componentes de MotoresS.A.Núcleo Industrial de MurtedeCantanhede 3060-372Portugal

The radial surface coating layer of compression piston rings is used to improve their wear resistance during the internal combustion engine ***,at top dead centers,the friction coefficient of the piston ring–cylinder liner pair is detrimental to the engine’s tribological *** this work,dimples with different texture dimensions and densities were tested in a home-developed *** friction coefficient was measured for all samples,and for those with the best results,their wear resistance was *** texture with an aspect ratio of 0.25 and a density area of 15%reported the best tribological results.

关键词： piston ring surface texture friction wear

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Wild bee distribution near forested landscapes is dependent on successional state

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第2期7卷 159-171页

作者： Katherine A.Odanaka sandra M.Rehan Department of Biological Sciences University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA Department of Biology York UniversityTorontoONCanada

Background:Forested landscapes are valuable sources of ecosystem services especially in areas dedicated to intense agricultural *** from forest margin is known to influence the wild bee community in the landscape surrounding forested *** little is known regarding how bee communities distribute themselves in landscapes that exhibit different forest successional ***:We examined how land use type and distance from the forest edge affect the abundance and richness of the wild bee community across four forest successional *** were collected in sites representing four stages of forest succession and analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with negative binomial ***:Wild bee diversity is reduced in forested environments that maintain dense stands of trees and high canopy ***,distance from the forest edge was an important factor determining wild bee distribution in successional stages adjacent to forest ***,we found that bees maintain high specificity for distinct successional states and ***:Our results demonstrate how different successional stages can harbor different bee species and highlight the ability of microhabitats to act as reservoirs of bee diversity in and around forest ***,we found that maximizing successional patchiness across forested landscapes increases the amount of available habitat that can support a diverse suite of bees with different nesting biologies and behaviors.

关键词： Pollinator Forest margin Bee habitat Nesting biology Wild bees

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Risk of malignancy in Caroli disease and syndrome: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第31期26卷 4718-4728页

作者： Rene Fahrner sandra GC Dennler Daniel Inderbitzin Department of Surgery Bürgerspital SolothurnSolothurn 4500Switzerland Department of Surgery University Hospital DresdenDresden 01307Germany

BACKGROUND Congenital intrahepatic bile duct dilatation without fibrosis is called Caroli disease(CD),and is called Caroli syndrome(CS)when it has fibrotic and cirrhotic liver *** development of intrahepatic carcinoma is described in both conditions,but the reported incidence varies *** risk factors for the malignant transformation were not ***,conservative or surgical treatment is performed depending on the extent of cystic malformation,hepatic dysfunction and structural hepatic changes,but little is known about which treatment should be offered to patients with CD or CS and *** To further investigate the malignant transformation in these *** A systematic review of the current literature until January 2019 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.A search using Medline(PubMed)was performed using a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms“caroli disease”,“caroli syndrome”,“tumor”,“malignant”,and“cholangiocarcinoma”.Only human studies published in English were used for this systematic *** following parameters were extracted from each article:year of publication,type of study,number of patients,incidence of malignant tumor,duration of symptoms,age,sex,diagnostics,identification of tumor,surgical therapy,survival and tumor *** Twelve retrospective studies reporting the courses of 561 patients(53%females)were included in this systematic *** a mean age of 41.6 years old(range 23 to 56 years old),patients were younger than other populations undergoing liver *** on the size of the study population the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma varied from 2.7%to 37.5%with an overall incidence of 6.6%.There were only few detailed reports about preoperative diagnostic work-up,but a multimodal work-up including ultrasound of the liver,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic retrograd

关键词： Malignancy Caroli disease Caroli syndrome Tumor Cholangiocarcinoma Review

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