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Assessment of food supplementation and surveillance as techniques to reduce damage caused by black capuchin monkeys Sapajus nigritus to forest plantations

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 581-590页

作者： sandra Bos MIKICH Laboratory of Ecology (Laborat6rio de Ecologia) Embrapa Florestas Caixa Postal 319 CEP 83411-000 Colombo PR Brazil Black Capuchin Monkey Program (Programa Macaco-prego) National Fund for the Control of Forest Pests (Fundo Nacional de Controle de Pragas Florestais) Dieter Liebsch Environmental Consulting (Dieter Liebsch Consultoria Ambiental) Curitiba PR Brazil dieterliebsch@yahoo.com.br

Black capuchin monkeys Sapajus nigritus are among several mammalian species that damage forest plantations, pri- marily plantations of pine trees （Pinus spp.） in South Brazil. Management practices to reduce these damages include supplemen- tary food offerings and plantation surveillance. To assess the efficiency of these techniques, four treatments were evaluated： feeding （F, with supplementary bananas and maize）, surveillance （S, in situ, wherein men patrolled the plantations, deterring the monkeys）, feeding ＋ surveillance （FS） and control （no procedures）（C）. The efficiency assessment of each treatment involved the number of recorded primate sightings in the treatments with the presence of guards （S and FS） and a damage inventory of the outskirts of the experimental points immediately before and after the experiment. These data were complemented by a simulta- neous study of the availability of fruit, the primary item in the diet of this primate species, in the remnant native forest in the study area. Most sightings of S. nigritus occurred early in the morning, and in general, sightings were inversely proportional to the availability of native fruits. This trend was most evident in treatment FS, most likely due to the presence of food. Treatments F and FS exhibited higher percentages of damage, indicating that these are inefficient management techniques. Treatment S exhi- bited the lowest damage rate, but at a high cost, making this technique difficult to apply over large expanses. The development of other management techniques, such as environmental enrichment and the use of deterrents, is recommended to minimize the damage caused by capuchins in forest plantations [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 581-590, 2014].

关键词： Cebus Damage control Wildlife management Pinus Food provisioning

Pork Meat Quality of Preto Alentejano and Commercial Largewhite Landrace Cross

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 1961-1971页

作者： Alfredo Teixeira sandra Rodrigues Veterinary and Animal Reserch Centre (CECAV) Agrarian School of Polytechnic Institute of BraganaCampus Sta Apolónia Apt.1172Bragan a 5301-855Portugal Mountain Research Centre(CIMO) Agrarian School of Polytechnic Institute of BraganaCampus Sta Apolónia Apt.1172Bragan a 5301-855Portugal

This work aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics of pork from a local breed （Portuguese black pork called Preto Alentejano） and a commercial breed. Sixteen animals were used, 4 females and 4 males from each breed. Animals had 80-100 kg of live weight. The longissimus muscle between the 5th thoracic vertebra and the 10th lumbar vertebra was used in the analysis. Samples were analysed for protein, fat, pigments, ashes, dry mater, water-holding capacity, and texture. Results of fat and pigments contents indicate signiifcant （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01） differences for all treatments. For protein, ashes, dry mater, water-holding capacity and texture, no signiifcant differences were found for sex. In the analysis of fatty acids composition, ten were detected, being the main ones C16：0, C18：0, C16：1, C18：1, C18：2. There was a predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）, followed by saturated （SFA） and polyunsaturated （PUFA）. Differences were signiifcant for sex （P〈0.01） and breed （P〈0.01）. Preto Alentejano breed and females presented the higher percentages of SFA （P〈0.01） and MUFA （P〈0.001） fatty acids. Differences between breeds might be due to breed production system and feed differences.

关键词： breed sex pork meat quality

Hyper-chaos encryption using convolutional masking and model free unmasking

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第5期23卷 161-166页

作者：齐国元 sandra Bazebo Matondo Department of Electrical Engineerin Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria

In this paper, during the masking process the encrypted message is convolved and embedded into a Qi hyper-chaotic system characterizing a high disorder degree. The masking scheme was tested using both Qi hyper-chaos and Lorenz chaos and indicated that Qi hyper-chaos based masking can resist attacks of the filtering and power spectrum analysis, while the Lorenz based scheme fails for high amplitude data. To unmask the message at the receiving end, two methods are proposed. In the first method, a model-free synchronizer, i.e. a multivariable higher-order differential feedback controller between the transmitter and receiver is employed to de-convolve the message embedded in the receiving signal. In the second method, no synchronization is required since the message is de-convolved using the information of the estimated derivative.

关键词： Qi hyper-chaos masking high-order differentiator chaos-based encryption

Compaction analysis and optimisation of convex-faced pharmaceutical tablets using numerical techniques

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Particuology 2019年第6期17卷 10-21页

作者： Ahmad Baroutaji sandra Lenihan Keith Bryan School of Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of WolverhamptonTelfordUK School of Mechanical Electrical and Process EngineeringCork Institute of TechnologyCorkIreland

Capping failure,edge chipping,and non-uniform mechanical properties of convex-faced pharmaceutical tablets are common problems in the pharma *** this paper,the finite element method(FEM)and design of experiment techniques are used to determine the optimal shape of convex-faced(CF)pharmaceutical tablet which has more uniform mechanical properties and less capping and chipping *** effects of different geometrical parameters and friction on the compaction responses of convex-faced pharmaceutical tablets were first identified and *** FEM model of the tabletting process was generated using the implicit code ABAQUS and validated against experimental *** surface methodology was used to establish the relationship between the design variables,represented by the geometrical parameters and friction coefficient,and compaction responses of interest including residual die pressure,relative density variation within a tablet,and relative shear stress at the edge of a tablet.A statistical-based optimisation approach was then used to optimise the shape of CF *** obtained results demonstrated how the geometrical parameters and friction coefficient of CF pharmaceutical tablets strongly affect their compaction behaviour and quality.

关键词： Capping failure Edge chipping Tabletting FEM Optimisation Residual radial pressure

Measurements of Laminar Burning Velocities of Alternative Fuels:Application in Transport and Aerospace

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第2期32卷 503-512页

作者： RICHTER sandra BRAUN-UNKHOFF Marina NAUMANN Clemens German Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Combustion TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Kinetics and AnalyticsStuttgart 70569Germany

The laminar burning velocity belongs to the fundamental combustion properties of fuels being a measure for their heat release,flame length,as well as reactivity and combustion stability,and thus,may impact the design of burners and combustion ***,these experimental data are needed for the validation and optimization within the construction and development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction *** this study,an overview of the different applications of fuel characterization regarding the specific area of interest(road transport,aviation,and aerospace)will be *** on the application,effects of different molecular characteristics on the laminar burning velocity are evaluated:the presence of oxygen atoms and the grade of branching in a specific fuel molecule as well as the difference in the type of a chemical bond,here,single and double *** of alternative fuels being discussed in the present study are:(Ⅰ)oxymethylene ether(OMEn)in the field of road transport;(Ⅱ)a paraffinic Alcohol-to-Jet fuel as sustainable aviation fuel;and(Ⅲ)mixtures of ethane or ethene with nitrous oxide as green propellants for rocket propulsion applications.

关键词： laminar burning velocity alternative sustainable fuels road transport aviation fuels green propellants

Catastrophic climate change and the collapse of human societies

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National Science Review 2023年第6期10卷 52-54页

作者： Josep Pe?uelas sandra Nogué CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

The scientific community has focused the agenda of studies of climate change on lower-end warming and simple risk analyses,because more realistic complex assessments of risk are more difficult,the benchmark of the international targets is the Paris Agreement goal of limiting warming to <2℃,and the culture of climate science is to try to avoid alarmism[1].Current fires,prolonged droughts,floods and heat waves,together with the consequent food insecurity,civil unrest and migrations,however,are opening the eyes not only of most scientists but also of most people all over the world to the need for considering,at least,the potential catastrophic effects of the collapse of ecosystems and society due to the current emergency of climate change.

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Fruit availability, frugivore satiation and seed removal in 2 primate-dispersed tree species

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 178-194页

作者： sandra RATIARISON Pierre-Michel FORGET Department of Ecology and Management of Biodiversity Museum of Natural History Museum(MNHN)BrunoyFrance and oological Society of London LibrevilleGabon

During a mast-fruiting event we investigated spatial variability in fruit availability,consumption,and seed removal at two sympatric tree species,Manilkara bidentata and ***(Sapotaceae)at Nouragues Natural Reserve,French *** addressed the question of how Manilkara density and fruits at the community level might be major causes of variability in feeding assemblages between tree *** thus explored how the frugivore assemblages differed between forest patches with contrasting relative Manilkara density and fruiting *** the daytime,Alouatta seniculus was more often observed in *** crowns at Petit Plateau(PP)with the greatest density of Manilkara *** the lowest fruit diversity and availability,whereas Cebus apella and Saguinus midas were more often observed in *** crowns at both Grand Plateau(GP),with a lowest density of *** and overall greater fruit supply,and ***,nearly 53%and 15%of the *** seed crop at GP and PP,respectively,and about 47%of the *** seed crop were removed,otherwise either spit out or defecated beneath trees,or dropped in ***-bodied primates concentrated fallen seeds beneath parent trees while large-bodied primate species removed and dispersed more seeds away from ***,among the latter,satiated *** wasted seeds under conspecific trees at *** in feeding assemblages,seed removal rates and fates possibly reflected interactions with extra-generic fruit species at the community level,according to feeding choice,habitat preferences and ranging patterns of primate species.

关键词： frugivores masting primates satiation seed dispersal

Normal and abnormal grain growth in magnesium:Experimental observations and simulations

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第15期47卷 257-270页

作者： Risheng Pei sandra Korte-Kerzel Talal Al-Samman Institut fur Metallkunde und Materialphysik RWTH Aachen UniversityD-52056AachenGermany

Commercial purity as-cast magnesium was hot rolled and subsequently annealed at different temperatures in order to investigate its grain growth behavior and link it to the texture *** at an intermediate temperature of 220℃ gave rise to abnormal grain growth with a few grains reaching a grain diameter 10 times larger than the *** the annealing temperature to 350℃ yielded normal grain *** types of grain growth revealed a strengthening of the(0001) texture *** is hypothesized that a dislocation density gradient after recrystallization grants(0001) grains a size advantage during early stages of *** type of growth will be,however,determined by the mobility of the present grain boundaries and triple junction drag,which are strongly dependent on the annealing *** above hypothesis of the interplay between these parameters was explored through curvature-and re sidual dislocation-density-gradient-driven grain growth simulations using a formerly developed level-set *** simulation outcome suggests that application of such a modeling approach in microstructure studies of magnesium can provide valuable new insights into the problem of grain growth and associated texture evolutio n.

关键词： Pure magnesium Grain growth Texture Dislocation density gradient Level-set modeling

Greasy hair against obesity

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第1期7卷 11-12页

作者： sandra Nickel Bruno Christ Department of General Visceral and Vascular SurgeryJena University Hospital07740 JenaGermany Cell Transplantation/Molecular Hepatology Lab Department of VisceralTransplantThoracic and Vascular SurgeryUniversity of Leipzig Medical Center04103 LeipzigGermany

In their article,Choa et *** the perspective to loose fat by in creasing seboge *** a T cell-depe ndent mechanism,they suggest that stimulation of sebum production by thymic stromal lymphopeietin(TSLP)"pulls"lipids out of the adipose tissue.^(1) The World Population Review(***/)ranks obesity rates to one third of the global *** co-morbidities comprise diabetes type 2,ischemic stroke and cardiovascular complications render this epidemic disease the number 1 cause of deaths worldwide(***/).

关键词： obesity al stimulation