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Clinical outcomes and lipid-laden macrophages in Electronic cigarette/Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury(EVALI)in a South Texas population

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Discussion of Clinical Cases 2021年第1期8卷 1-6页

作者： Mahnoor Mir Moeezullah Beg Jay I.Peters sandra g.adams Department of Medicine UT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Medicine Pulmonary/Critical Care DivisionUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA South Texas Veterans Health Care System San AntonioTXUSA

Objective:To describe the clinical features,proportion of lipid-laden alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL),and short-term and 6-month to 12-month outcomes of patients with Electronic cigarette/Vaping product use-Associated Lung Injury(EVALI).Methods:Retrospective review of clinical characteristics,radiographs,and BAL samples for all patients with a history of vaping who presented with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure to the University Hospital in San Antonio,Texas from 9/2019 to 6/2020 was ***:We report 16 cases(15 men;median age,30 years[range 19-75])of EVALI with a history of vaping Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC),nicotine,or *** most common presenting symptoms were tachycardia,dyspnea,cough,and *** patients required supplemental oxygen,including two who required noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,and five who required mechanical *** 16 patients had bilateral ground-glass opacities(ggO)with peripheral sparing on chest computerized tomography(CT).Cultures were negative,except for one patient who tested positive for ***-19 PCR was done in one individual which was *** demonstrated lipid-laden macrophages on Oil-Red-O stain on fresh(i.e.,without fixative)BAL in the majority of patients(N=12)with a mean lipid-saturation percentage of 78%[range,44%-100%]and the mean Colombo count of 194[range,101-359].Fifteen patients were treated with systemic *** median length of hospital stay was 10 *** discharge,three patients required supplemental *** of those who had follow-up imaging showed resolution of *** patient had a relapse of symptoms and was again treated with systemic corticosteroids and mycophenolate,with resolution of *** patients who were evaluated after discharge denied vaping post-discharge(two patients were not able to be contacted and did not keep follow-up appointments).Conclusions:Successful diagnosis and management of EVALI requires

关键词： EVALI Vaping Acute lung injury Lipid-laden macrophages Diffuse ground glass opacities

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Targeting KRAS in pancreatic cancer

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Oncology Research 2024年第5期32卷 799-805页

作者： sandra STICKLER BARBARA RATH gERHARD HAMILTON Institute of Pharmacology Medical University of ViennaViennaA-1090Austria

Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis due to late detection and lack of efficient *** Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS)oncogene is mutated in up to 90%of all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas(PDACs)and constitutes an attractive target for ***,the most common KRAS mutations in PDAC are g12D(44%),g12V(34%)and g12R(20%)that are not amenable to treatment by KRAS g12C-directed cysteine-reactive KRAS inhibitors such as Sotorasib and Adagrasib that exhibit clinical efficacy in lung *** g12C mutant pancreatic cancer has been treated with Sotorasib but this mutation is detected only in 2%–3%of ***,the KRAS g12D-directed MRTX1133 inhibitor has entered clinical trials and more of such inhibitors are in *** other KRAS mutations may be targeted indirectly via inhibition of the cognate guanosine exchange factor(gEF)Son of Sevenless 1 that drives *** agents seem to provide the means to target the most frequent KRAS mutations in PDAC and to improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer PDAC KRAS SOS1 PROTAC

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Black garlic as an Antiviral for Herpes Simplex Virus-2 in Lung Cells

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 70-89页

作者： Jenna R. Horowitz Lee H. Lee sandra D. adams Department of Biology Montclair State University Montclair NJ USA

Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants than fresh garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death, DNA damage, and disease progression. In this study, black garlic extract (BgE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and oxidative stress caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BgE. ROS-gloTM H2O2 assays were then completed to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BgE-treated virus and cells. The results thus far suggest that BgE may inhibit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.

关键词： Black garlic Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Antioxidant Antiviral Allicin

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HISP-1 Inhibits HSV-1 Infection in Cultured Vero Cells

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 269-288页

作者： sandra D. adams Kevin T. Bilyk Modukuri V. Ramani gottumukkala V. Subbaraju Department of Biology Montclair State University Montclair USA Department of Chemistry Andhara University Visakhapatnam India

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) remains a leading cause of viral disease worldwide and is spread by direct contact with infected lesions. There is no vaccine against HSV-1 infections and there remains a need to identify therapeutics that could reduce the spread. In this study various hispolon compounds were analyzed to determine their antiviral potential against HSV-1 infections in cultured Vero cells. To determine the effects on infectivity and possible mechanisms of inhibition, the following assays were conducted. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted to determine the effect of the compounds on cell viability and the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. Antiviral assays measured cell viability, percent inhibition of infection following treatment with the compounds, and the effect on the viral infection cycle. These effects were visualized using inverted light and fluorescent microscopy. Of the 24 hispolons tested, only hispolon pyrazole-1 (HISP-1) demonstrated antiviral effects. HISP-1 was demonstrated to effect early stages in HSV-1 infection in cultured Vero cells (attachment, penetration, and post-penetration). In silico modeling analyses were conducted to analyze the interactions between HISP-1 and viral glycoprotein D (gD). HISP-1 is safe at concentrations tested and is effective in inhibiting infection of HSV-1 in cultured cells. HISP-1 has potential for therapeutic use as an antiviral against HSV-1 infection, could work in synergy with other antivirals that work be a different modality, and could be developed as a component of a topical agent to reduce the spread of HSV-1 infections.

关键词： Hispolon Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antiviral Curcumin

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Development of PROTACS degrading KRAS and SOS1

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Oncology Research 2024年第8期32卷 1257-1264页

作者： gERHARD HAMILTON MARIE-THERESE EggERSTORFER sandra STICKLER Institute of Pharmacology Medical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria

The Kirsten rat sarcoma virus—son of sevenless 1(KRAS-SOS1)axis drives tumor growth preferentially in pancreatic,colon,and lung ***,KRAS g12C mutated tumors can be successfully treated with inhibitors that covalently block the cysteine of the switch II binding pocket of ***,the range of other KRAS mutations is not amenable to treatment and the g12C-directed agents Sotorasib and Adragrasib show a response rate of only approximately 40%,lasting for a mean period of 8 *** approach to increase the efficacy of inhibitors is their inclusion into proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs),which degrade the proteins of interest and exhibit much higher antitumor activity through multiple cycles of ***,PROTACs have been developed based on KRAS-or SOS1-directed inhibitors coupled to either von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)or Cereblon(CRBN)ligands that invoke the proteasomal *** of these PROTACs show increased activity in vitro and in vivo compared to their cognate inhibitors but their toxicity in normal tissues is not *** CRBN PROTACs containing thalidomide derivatives cannot be tested in experimental *** to such PROTACS arises through downregulation or inactivation of CRBN or factors of the functional VHL E3 ubiquitin *** highly active KRAS and SOS1 PROTACs have been formulated their clinical application remains difficult.

关键词： Proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs) Kirsten rat sarcoma virus(KRAS) Son of sevenless 1(SOS1) Von Hippel-Lindau Cereblon

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Polar Models of Culture-Regressivism Versus Progressivism

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2024年第4期12卷 193-209页

作者： Harry W.adams Prairie View A&M University TXUSA

The culture wars that simmer within any nation may have been escalating recently;but regardless of their national settings or milieus,many of these wars are informed by two opposing paradigms of *** paper analyzes two of these leading paradigms,designated here as Regressivism and *** theorists have long chronicled the differing strengths and weaknesses of these paradigms,taking the former as expressing more conservative,traditional,and nationalistic values,and the latter as expressing more liberal,pluralistic,and cosmopolitan *** beyond these perennial distinctions,I argue that Progressivism is more benign and beneficial than the former-by meeting basic human needs better and supporting more effective adaptation to changing exigencies.I also argue that Progressivism does not express merely subjective or relativistic preferences and values,but objectively preferable and quantifiable ones,that benefit not only our personal lives more but also our global village and communal lives more.

关键词： cultural pluralism conservatism nationalism cosmopolitanism communitarianism

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Challenges and opportunities in the production of magnesium parts by directed energy deposition processes

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1663-1686页

作者： gürel Cam Ali günen Iskenderun Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering31200 Iskenderun-HatayTurkey Iskenderun Technical University Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering31200 Iskenderun-HatayTurkey

Mg-alloys have gained considerable attention in recent years for their outstanding properties such as lightweight,high specific strength,and corrosion resistance,making them attractive for applications in medical,aerospace,automotive,and other transport ***,their widespread application is hindered by their low formability at room temperature due to limited slip *** Mg-alloys have low mechanical properties due to the presence of casting defects such as porosity and anisotropy in addition to the high *** casting methods benefit from established process optimization techniques for these problems,additive manufacturing methods are increasingly replacing casting methods in Mg alloys as they provide more precise control over the microstructure and allow specific grain orientations,potentially enabling easier optimization of anisotropy properties in certain *** metal additive manufacturing(MAM)technology also results in some manufacturing defects such as inhomogeneous microstructural evolution and porosity and additively manufactured Mg alloy parts exhibit lower properties than the wrought parts,they in general exhibit superior properties than the cast ***,MAM is a promising technique to produce Mg alloy *** energy deposition processes,particularly wire arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED),have emerged as an advantageous additive manufacturing(AM)technique for metallic materials including magnesium alloys,offering advantages such as high deposition rates,improved material efficiency,and reduced production costs compared to subtractive ***,the inherent challenges associated with magnesium,such as its high reactivity and susceptibility to oxidation,pose unique hurdles in the application of this *** review paper delves into the progress made in the application of DED technology to Mg-alloys,its challenges,and ***,the predominant imperfections,notably inhomo

关键词： Additive manufacturing DED processes Arc-DED Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) 3-D printing High deposition rate

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Effects of frothers on bubbles size and flotation performance of hydrophobic minerals

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第7期31卷 2280-2299页

作者： gülşah gÜVEN Berivan TUNÇ ŞBeste AYDIN gülay BULUT Mineral Processing Engineering Department Faculty of MinesIstanbul Technical UniversityMaslak 34469IstanbulTurkey Research Center Metso OutotecKuparitie 1028101 PoriFinland

Frothers facilitate the reduction of bubbles size by preventing bubbles coalescence and produce more stable *** collision probability of the bubbles and particles substantially increases by decreasing bubble *** the same volume system,fewer bubbles result from a distribution of large-sized bubbles,and more bubbles result from a distribution of small-sized *** this research,fundamental two-phase frother characterization parameters were aimed to link with three-phase coal and talc flotation *** this purpose,the effect of single and dual frother systems on inhibiting bubble coalescence was investigated with methyl isobutyl carbinol(MIBC),isooctanol(2 ethyl hexanol),pine oil,and Dowfroth *** on the results of single frothers,isooctanol at the lowest critical coalescence concentration(CCC)value of 6×10^(−6) achieved the smallest bubbles with Sauter mean diameter of 0.80 *** blending Dowfroth 250 and pine oil,the bubbles size decreased significantly,reaching 0.45 *** the highest recoveries in coal flotation were obtained in single and frother blends where the bubbles size was measured as the smallest in two-phase system,and such a relationship was not found for talc flotation.

关键词： flotation frother blends bubble size coal and talc flotation

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Recent research in mechanical properties of geopolymer-based ultrahigh-performance concrete:A review

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 67-88页

作者： g.Murali Division of Research&Innovation Uttaranchal UniversityDehradun 248007India

Due to the growing need for sustainable and ultra-high-strength construction materials,scientists have created an innovative ultra-high-performance concrete called geopolymer based ultra-highperformance concrete(gUHPC).Besides,in the last few decades,there have been a lot of explosions and ballistic attacks around the world,which have killed many civilians and fighters in border *** this context,this article reviews the fresh state and mechanical properties of ***,the ingredients of gUHPC and fresh properties such as setting time and flowability are briefly ***,the review of compressive strength,flexure strength,tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of fibrous ***,the blast and projectile impact resistance performance was ***,the microstructural characteristics were reviewed using the scanning electron microscope and X-ray Powder *** review outcome reveals that the mechanical properties were increased when 30%silica fume was added to a higher dose of steel fibre to improve the microstructure of *** is hypothesized that the brittleness of gUHPC was mitigated by adding 1.5%steel fibre reinforcement,which played a role in the decrease of contact explosion cratering and *** the need for cement in gUHPC was a key factor in the review,indicating a promising potential for lowering carbon ***,gUHPC research is still in its early stages,so more study is required before its full potential can be utilized.

关键词： Mechanical properties Blast Projectile impact Fibre geopolymer Silica fume Alkaline activators

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Migration and Spatiotemporal Land Cover Change: A Case of Bosomtwe Lake Basin, ghana

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2024年第1期13卷 18-40页

作者： Richard Kwabena adams Lingling Zhang Zongzhi Wang School of Public Administration Hohai University Nanjing China National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Nanjing Institute of Hydraulic Research Nanjing China

Internal migration is highly valued due to its increasingly acknowledged potential for social and economic development. However, despite its significant contribution to the development of towns and cities, it has led to the deterioration of many ecosystems globally. Lake Bosomtwe, a natural Lake in ghana and one of the six major meteoritic lakes in the world is affected by land cover changes caused by the rising effects of migration, population expansion, and urbanization, owing to the development of tourist facilities on the lakeshore. This study investigated land cover change trajectories using a post-classification comparison approach and identified the factors influencing alteration in the Lake Bosomtwe Basin. Using Landsat imagery, an integrated approach of remote sensing, geographical information systems (gIS), and statistical analysis was successfully employed to analyze the land cover change of the basin. The findings show that over the 17 years, the basin’s forest cover decreased significantly by 16.02%, indicating that population expansion significantly affects changes in land cover. Ultimately, this study will raise the awareness of stakeholders, decision-makers, policy-makers, government, and non-governmental agencies to evaluate land use development patterns, optimize land use structures, and provide a reference for the formulation of sustainable development policies to promote the sustainable development of the ecological environment.

关键词： Land Cover Change Supervised Classification Migration Landsat Imagery Environmental Sustainability

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