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development of Junction Elements from Study of the Bionics

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第1期4卷 41-46页

作者： Wilson Kindlein Junior Luis Henrique Alves Cndido André Canal Marques sandra souza dos Santos Maurício da silva Viegas Laboratory of design and Material Selection-LdSM-Materials department (deMAT) School of Engineering–EE Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil-UFRGS Brazil

The applications of bionic methodology developed by the Laboratory of design and Material Selection as basis in the creation of junction elements were demonstrated. These elements favor the application of Ecodesign in reference to the effectiveness of product dismount aiming the reduction of ambient impact in all its phases of use. The creation, the development and the confection of new junction elements were described, and case studies of new products developed specifically with this purpose were presented.

关键词： bionics Ecodesign junction elements

Beneficial effects of losartan or telmisartan on the local hepatic renin-angiotensin system to counter obesity in an experimental model

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第4期11卷 359-369页

作者： Francielle Graus-Nunes Felipe de Oliveira Santos Thatiany de souza Marinho Carolline Santos Miranda sandra Barbosa-da-silva Vanessa souza-Mello Laboratorio de Morfometria Metabolismo e Doencas Cardiovasculares Departamento de Anatomia Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes

BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with hepatic overexpression of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS).AIM To evaluate the action of two angiotensin II(ANGII) receptor blockers(losartan or telmisartan) on the modulation of local hepatic RAS and the resulting metabolic effects in a diet-induced obesity murine *** Twenty C57 BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two nutritional groups for 10 wk: control group(C, n = 5, 10% of energy as fat) or high-fat group(HF, n = 15,50% of energy as fat). After treatment started, the HF group was randomly divided into three groups: untreated HF group(n = 5), HF treated with losartan(HFL, n = 5) and HF treated with telmisartan(HFT, n = 5). The treatments lasted for 5 wk, and the dose was 10 mg/kg body *** HF diet induced body mass gain(+28%, P demonstrated by reduced hepatic triacylglycerol levels coupled with reduced PLIN 2 expression and improved glycemic control.

关键词： Liver Telmisartan Losartan Obesity Angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor C57BL/6 mouse

Brazilian Sugar in Domestic Retail: The Quality of Sugar Consumed in the State of Sao Paulo

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Natural Science 2016年第3期8卷 160-169页

作者： Anna Flavia de souza silva sandra Helena da Cruz Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de Sao Paulo Piracicaba Brazil

Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane and its derivatives in the world, and one of the largest consumers of sugarcane derivatives. Sugar places a position of great prominence in Brazilian feed, either by direct consumption or as a component of industrialized products, from increasing consumption in the country. Sugar samples taken from local market were analyzed as the quality of table sugar consumed in the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil). The analysis of the parameters and basic attributes of characterization of sugar was according to the methodology developed by ICUMSA (2005;2011) and ICUMSA modified by Copersucar (2002). Samples of sugar from this region showed that medium-low quality. It can be observed in fundamental aspects such as purity and insoluble residues, which were below the standard. In addition, it should be noted the difficulty of obtaining information about the limit values for each attribute, by virtue of Legislation not be assertive to the product and, also, the scientific studies have not been unified to present the specifics for each type of sugar.

关键词： Table Sugar Quality Parameters demerara Sugar Brazilian Legislation

The Current and Future Role of Drugs and Probiotics in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第8期3卷 76-85页

作者： Maricelma da silva Soares de souza sandra Maria Barbalho Ricardo de Alvares Goulart Antonely de Cássio Alves de Carvalho department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology School of Medicine University of Marília Marília S&atilde o Paulo Brazil department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology School of Medicine University of Marília and Food Technology School (FATEC) Marília S&atilde o Paulo Brazil department of Gastroenteology University Hospital-UNIMAR Marília S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Diagnostic Center in Gastroenterology Ibaiti Paraná Brazil

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and other auto-inflammatory disorders are conditions caused by chronic and persistent intestinal inflammation, which is mainly represented by Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or Crohn’s Disease (CD), both of which typically arise as chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Doctor’s main focus for treating IBD is the decrease on inflammation processes when the disease is active and promotes the maintenance of inflammation at normal levels. However, to deal with these two parameters is not easy, because the drugs usually used are related to several side effects and they are not totally effective to reduce inflammation and to keep the remission. Authors agree that the therapy approach should include drugs, dietary intervention and use of alternative substances as probiotics. The standard treatment approach for patients with CD and UC is traditionally done with the use of anti-inflammatory agents, like corticosteroids, mesalamine, immunomodulators such as azathioprine and methotrexate, and biologic agents such as infliximab and others. Probiotics are known as viable micro-organisms (or live microorganisms or live microbial dietary supplements) that may promote beneficial physiologic or therapeutic properties when used correctly. The interest in the role of these substances in improving human health is the reason of several researches. They may be used to help the immune system, to control gastro-intestinal infections and to prevent several diseases. Prebiotics, symbiotics, and probiotics may be helpful as adjuvants in the treatment of IBD. Probiotics are normally well-tolerated and are associated with few side effects which are undoubtedly important in the treatment of any disease.

关键词： Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Immunomodulators Biological Agents Probiotics

An Emergy-Based Approach to Assess and Valuate Ecosystem Services of Tropical Wetland Pastures in Brazil

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第5期10卷 303-319页

作者： sandra Aparecida Santos Fabio Takahashi Evaldo Luis Cardoso Claudio Flores Luiz Orcirio Fialho de Oliveira Geraldo da silva e souza Eliane Goncalves Gomes Enrique Ortega Embrapa Pantanal CorumbaMSBrasil Universidade de Vicosa FlorestalMGBrasil Embrapa Gado de Corte Campo GrandeMSBrasil Embrapa Sede BrasiliaDFBrasil Universidade de Campinas Barao GeraldoSPBrasil

Wetland grasslands are important ecosystems for raising beef cattle, because they are highly productive and present forages with high quality. Most of these ecosystems are threatened by overgrazing or by being replaced by exotic pastures. Emergy synthesis approach was used to assess and value the services provided by native pastures wetland under three conservation status and also to compare them to exotic pastures on wetlands. The ecosystem service that was assessed included forage provision for calves production estimated from grazing capacity of cow with calf at the foot. Habitat maintenance to plant diversity and wild herbivores were also evaluated. The results showed that natural wetland pastures with better conservation status provided valuable ecosystem services and are highly renewable. data envelopment analysis (deA) showed that regardless of the conservation state of the natural pastures, wet native grasslands were more efficient than wet exotic grasslands. Replacing native pastures by exotic ones may reduce plant diversity and the renewability of the system. The proposed method has a holistic approach to pasture ecosystems and is able to help decision-makers to define sustainable management practices and to subsidise public policies when it comes to payments regarding ecosystem services.

关键词： data Envelopment Analysis Forage Resources Natural Pasture Plant Diversity Sustainability

Effects of <i>Pereskia aculeata</i>Miller on the Biochemical Profiles and Body Composition of Wistar Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第7期3卷 82-89页

作者： Maricelma da silva Soares de souza sandra Maria Barbalho Elen Landgraf Guiguer Adriano Cressoni Araújo Patrícia Cincotto dos Santos Bueno Flávia Maria Vasquez Farinazzi-Machado Larissa Maria de Lara Lima Beatriz Clivati da silva Claudemir Gregório Mendes department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology School of Medicine University of Marília Marília Brazil department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Faculty of Food Technology of Marília (FATEC) Marília Brazil

Pereskia aculeata Miller commonly known as “ora-pro-nobis” has been used extensively in folclore medicine. Plant belongs to the family Cactacea and it is found in the Brazil (reaching Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul states). The purpose was to evaluate the effects of plant on biochemical and corporal profiles of Wistar rats. The 80 animals were divided randomly into 4 groups by sex (n = 10 females and 10 males per group) as follows: G1 group (water/rat food ad libitum);G2 group (drink A: commercial condensed milk, sugar and water/rat food ad libitum);G3 group (drink B: P. aculeata juice/rat food ad libitum);G4 group (drink C: commercial condensed milk, sugar and P. aculeate juice/rat food ad libitum). After 35 days their biochemical and corporal profiles were analyzed (cholesterol, glycemia, triglycerides, HDL-c, AST, ALT, Lee Index, weight and visceral fat). Intake of the plant caused no changes in the lipid profile of Wistar rats. However, intake in male rats of the same prevented the increase in triglycerides front of a hypercaloric diet. There were significant changes in glycemic index due to the high carbohydrate content of the plant. The plant was effective in reducing the levels of AST and ALT in male rats and ALT only in females. The use of the plant did not cause significant changes in the index of Lee but the Pereskia aculeata Miller may reduce visceral fat gain in female with a regular diet.

关键词： Pereskia aculeata Wistar Rats Glycemia Lipids Visceral Fat

Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis in Human and Animal Model:An Overview

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Advances in Microbiology 2020年第4期10卷 180-193页

作者： Eriques Goncalves da silva Diniz Pereira Leite-Jr Margareth Léa da silva Maia sandra Marilia de souza silva Francisco de Assis Baroni Marcos Ereno Auler Amanda Latércia Tranches Dias Débora Moreira Rinaldo Ferreira Gandra Regina Teixeira Barbieri Ramos André Gasparetto Elisangela Santana de Oliveira dantas Valéria Tognato Costa Claudete Rodrigues Paula School of dentistry University of Sao Paulo(USP)Sao PauloBrazil Specialized Medical Mycology Center Federal University of Mato Grosso(UFMT)CuiabáBrazil Federal University of ABC(UFABC) Santo AndréBrazil Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro(UFRRJ) Rio de JaneiroBrazil Faculty of Pharmacy University of the Western Center of Paraná(UNICENTRO)Campus CedetegGuarapuavaBrazil Federal University of Alfenas(UNIFAL) AlfenasBrazil University Hospital State University of West Paraná(UNIOESTE)CascavelBrazil department of dentistry State University of Maringa(UEM)MaringáBrazil Institute of Biosciences Federal University of Mato Grosso(UFMT)CuiabáBrazil

Background: Yeasts from the genus Cryptococcus (species C. neoformans and C. gattii) are opportunistic pathogens that afflict humans with low immunity caused by diseases such as AIDS or by the usage of immunosuppressive drugs. It is a fatal disease that has been studied around the whole world and its most fatal form is the brain cryptococcosis. Purpose: The present review describes the disease from pathogen isolation, the various clinical presentations of the disease, the most important virulence factors of yeast in human and animal model and their clinical issues. Methods: On this review, several published studies about the disease are presented. Results: Numerous researches have been done worldwide in order to find a kind of therapy that is more effective against the disease. Amphotericin B, in all forms is still the drug of choice in the treatment of the cryptococcosis. Fluconazole, as well as voriconazole in combination with amphotericin B, is recommended in the cases of treatment failure. Conclusion: This study presented has elucidated a little more about the disease. Further studies should be conducted to find more diagnoses that are accurate as well as more effective treatments for eradicating the disease. In this study, the bibliographic survey makes reference to the world literature;with regard to ecology, taxonomy, mains factors related to virulence, the clinical manifestations, the action of antifungal drugs and histopathological analysis used in an animal model, were the objectives deleterious aspects of this study, thus informing, in a simple way, the importance of this microorganism for research and researchers working with this global disease, called Cryptococcosis.

关键词： Cryptocococcus Cryptococcosis Animal Model Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcusgattii Virulence Related Factors

The Sustainable Expansion of the Cocoa Crop in the State of Paráand Its Contribution to Altered Areas Recovery and Fire Reduction

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第3期14卷 294-313页

作者： Adriano Venturieri Rodrigo Rafael souza de Oliveira Tassio Koiti Igawa Katia de Avila Fernandes Marcos Adami Moisés Cordeiro Mourão de Oliveira Júnior Cláudio Aparecido Almeida Luiz Guilherme Teixeira silva Ana I. R. Cabral João Felipe Kneipp Cerqueira Pinto Antônio José Amorim Menezes sandra Maria Neiva Sampaio Embrapa Eastern Amazonia Belém Brazil University of Para State Belém Brazil Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Belém Brazil University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA International Research Institute for Climate and Society Columbia University New York USA National Institute for Space Research S&#227 o José dos Campos S&#227 o Paulo Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Research development Foundation S&#227 o José dos Campos Brazil

The state of Pará, located in the Amazon region of Brazil, has observed in recent years an increase in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) cultivation and has become the largest producer in Brazil. Due to its physiological characteristics, cacao is cultivated in native forests understory or under the shade produced by fast-growing native tree species, serving as an important species for restoration of degraded areas. However, mapping and monitoring cocoa plantation using optical sensor images is a challenge given its botanical and arboreal characteristics that can be confused with other native species at various stages of secondary regrowth. Agroforestry systems are important components of sustainable production in the Amazon and our work sought to better describe the evolution of cocoa plantations in terms of their historical expansion, farming properties practices, land use transitions and fire regimes. Our findings to analyze the relationships between cocoa plantations and hotspots, data from the INPE’s reference satellite between the years 2004 to 2020 were used in this study, polygons classified as cocoa areas, generated by the MapCacau research project, were used, in a total of 69,904 hectares distributed throughout the state of Pará. Finally, we used the protected areas’ official limits in the State of Pará to analyze the plantations’ occurrence in regions in discordance with environmental legislation. The data show that cocoa-producing properties are statistically fewer than non-producing properties, as well as having lower deforestation rates. In our study, we observed that 52,778 hectares (88.87%) of the cocoa area planted had already been deforested by the year 2008—the threshold of deforestation defined by Brazil’s Forest Code. It was also possible to verify that approximately 20,900 hectares continue to be mapped as forest by PROdeS, despite our field data identifying cocoa plantations shaded by explored forest in these areas. Regarding the crop’s formation, the da

关键词： Amazon Machine Learning Participative Mapping Pará Cocoa Amazon MapCacau

Ursolic Acid derivatives Induced Apoptosis and Reduces the NF-κB in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2019年第10期10卷 863-876页

作者： Elaine Carlos Scherrer Ydia Mariele Valadares Caio Cesar souza Alves Gabriella Freitas Ferreira Marcela Pereira Leao Jessica Aline Soares Fernando Sa silva Alessandra Paula Carli Oswaldo Cardoso Jr. Fabiana Simao Machado sandra Bertelli Ribeiro Castro Life Sciences Institute Federal University of Juiz de ForaGovernador ValadaresMGBrazil Faculty of Medicine Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and MucuriTeofilo OtoniMGBrazil department of Biochemistry and Immunology Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil

Lung cancer is the major cause of death in the neoplastic diseases. In spite of the advances in the chemotherapy, the lung cancer treatments are still complex and costly, being necessary the seeking of new drugs. In this context, the ursolic acid (UA) becomes the target of studies that investigate its antitumor potential and, thus, structural modifications can enhance its biological activities. Eight UA semisynthetic derivative compounds (UAD1-8) were synthesized and evaluated their cytotoxic activity against human alveolar adenocarcinoma cells (A549). UAD1, UAD3, UAD5, UAD6 and UAD8 were able to reduce the viability of the A549 cells. Only UAD1 and UAD6 reduced the viability at 24 h, and only UAD3 didn’t reduce the NF-κB expression. The compound UAD1 showed the greater apoptosis induction. Moreover, the compound UAD1 showed better results than UA in all assays. The present study shows, for the first time, the action of these compounds in the apoptotic effect, in the expression of NF-κB and in the A549 cell line. The ursolic acid derivatives showed substantial results in the apoptosis, cytotoxicity and NF-κB inhibition of A549 cells, and further studies are necessary for the development of possible new therapeutic drugs.

关键词： Ursolic Acid Apoptosis NF-κB A549 Cells Tumoral