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Skin Characteristics of Sites Predisposed to Pressure Ulcers among Bedridden Elderly Patients in Japan

Open Journal of Nursing 2021年第6期11卷 497-512页

作者： Hiroko Takeshima Kohara Mitsunori Ikeda Kunihiko Yokotani Masami Okawa sanae nishimoto Department of Nursing University of Kochi Kochi Japan Shiragikuen Hospital Tosa Kochi Japan

Background: Previous studies have not specifically measured skin characteristics at common sites of pressure ulcers in high-risk elderly patients. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the physiological skin characteristics at common pressure ulcer sites and their relationship with pressure ulcer risk and demographic/laboratory data in bedridden elderly Japanese patients. Methods: This study involved 55 elderly Japanese patients in a long-term care hospital and 25 female Japanese university students. Skin surface temperature, epidermal water content, transepidermal water loss, skin erythema/redness, skin elasticity, and skin thickness were measured using noninvasive devices. The sacral and both heel areas (sites predisposed to pressure ulcers) and mid-to-lower back area (control site) were observed. Results: Elderly patients showed a low epidermal water content at both heels (right heel, 14.8 ± 9.1 arbitrary units, AU.;left heel, 14.4 ± 8.3 AU). Transepidermal water loss remained acceptable at all sites in older patients despite the presence of dry skin (back, 7.1 ± 1.8 g/hm2;sacrum, 7.4 ± 3.0 g/hm2;right heel, 17.7 ± 7.1 g/hm2;left heel, 19.4 ± 8.1 g/hm2). Back (0.61 ± 0.13 AU) and sacral (0.67 ± 0.11 AU) skin elasticity and sacral skin thickness (0.97 ± 0.56 cm) were significantly lower than those of healthy young people (0.86 ± 0.04 AU, 0.87 ± 0.05 AU, and 2.27 ± 0.84 cm, respectively;p p p Conclusions: Our findings showed that skin thickness and elasticity should be prioritized when evaluating pressure ulcer risk at the sacral region in bedridden elderly Japanese patients. Moreover, skin moisturization

关键词： Epidermal Water Content Pressure Ulcer Skin Barrier Function Skin Elasticity Skin Erythema Skin Surface Temperature Skin Thickness

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