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Patterns,procedures,and indications for pediatric surgery in a Tanzanian Refugee Camp:a 20-year experience

World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第3期6卷 161-167页

作者： Sarah Rapaport Zachary Obinna Enumah Hilary Ngude Daniel S Rhee Mohamed Abbas amber Lekey Peter J Winch Joseph V Sakran Kent A Stevens Center for Global Surgery Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of International Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA Tanzania Red Cross Society Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Pediatric Surgery Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Surgery Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA Satcher Health Leadership Institute Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Background There are 103 million displaced people worldwide,41%of whom are *** on the provision of surgery in humanitarian settings are *** scarcer is literature on pediatric surgery performed in humanitarian settings,particularly protracted humanitarian *** We reviewed patterns,procedures,and indications for pediatric surgery among children in Nyarugusu Refugee Camp using a 20-year retrospective *** A total of 1221 pediatric surgical procedures were performed over the study *** between the ages of 12 and 17 years were the most common age group undergoing surgery(n=991;81%).A quarter of the procedures were performed on local Tanzanian children seeking care in the camp(n=301;25%).The most common procedures performed were cesarean sections(n=858;70%),herniorrhaphies(n=197;16%),and exploratory laparotomies(n=55;5%).Refugees were more likely to undergo exploratory laparotomy(n=47;5%)than Tanzanian children(n=7;2%;p=0.032).The most common indications for exploratory laparotomy were acute abdomen(n=24;44%),intestinal obstruction(n=10;18%),and peritonitis(n=9;16%).Conclusions There is a significant volume of basic pediatric general surgery performed in the Nyarugusu *** are used by both refugees and local *** hope this research will inspire further advocacy and research on pediatric surgical services in humanitarian settings worldwide and illuminate the need for including pediatric refugee surgery within the growing global surgery movement.

关键词： surgery pediatric seeking

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IL-6 prevents Th2 cell polarization by promoting SOCS3-dependent suppression of IL-2 signaling

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第6期20卷 651-665页

作者： Holly Bachus Erin Mclaughlin Crystal Lewis amber M.Papillion Etty N.Benveniste Dave Durell Hill Alexander F.Rosenberg AndréBallesteros-Tato Beatriz León Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Immunology and RheumatologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA informatics Institute University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.New HavenCTUSA

Defective interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling has been associated with Th2 bias and elevated IgE levels. However, the underlying mechanism by which IL-6 prevents the development of Th2-driven diseases remains unknown. Using a model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced Th2 cell differentiation and allergic airway inflammation, we showed that IL-6 signaling in allergen-specific T cells was required to prevent Th2 cell differentiation and the subsequent IgE response and allergic inflammation. Th2 cell lineage commitment required strong sustained IL-2 signaling. We found that IL-6 turned off IL-2 signaling during early T-cell activation and thus inhibited Th2 priming. Mechanistically, IL-6-driven inhibition of IL-2 signaling in responding T cells was mediated by upregulation of Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3). This mechanism could be mimicked by pharmacological Janus Kinase-1 (JAK1) inhibition. Collectively, our results identify an unrecognized mechanism that prevents the development of unwanted Th2 cell responses and associated diseases and outline potential preventive interventions.

关键词： Th2 cell polarization IL-6 IL-2 SOCS3 JAK1 inhibitor

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Alendronate and FTI-277 combination as a possible therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma:An in vitro study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第3期17卷 241-250页

作者： amber Ilyas Zehra Hashim Iffat Saeed Channa Shamshad Zarina National Center for Proteomics University of Karachi

Background： An important product of mevalonate pathway is downstream synthesis of isoprenoid unitsthat has long been implicated in development and progression of tumor. It has been speculated thatinhibition of protein prenylation might be therapeutically beneficial. The objective of current study wasto evaluate antitumor potential of a novel therapeutic combination of mevalonate pathway inhibitors, FTI-277 and alendronate. We also examined differentially expressed proteins in response to treatment usingproteomics approach.

关键词： Chemotherapy Hepatocellular carcinoma Gene expression Proteomics Therapeutic

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Myelin repair and functional recovery mediated by neural cell transplantation in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第2期29卷 239-250页

作者： Lianhua Bai Jordan Hecker amber Kerstetter Robert H.Miller Department of Neurosciences Center for Translational NeuroscienceCase Western Reserve University School ofMedicine The Key laboratory Third Military Medical University Southwest Hospital

Cellular therapies are becoming a major focus for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis （MS）, therefore it is important to identify the most effective cell types that promote myelin repair. Several components contribute to the relative benefits of specific cell types including the overall efficacy of the cell therapy, the reproducibility of treatment, the mechanisms of action of distinct cell types and the ease of isolation and generation of therapeutic populations. A range of distinct cell populations promote functional recovery in animal models of MS including neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues. Each of these cell populations has advantages and disadvantages and likely works through distinct mechanisms. The relevance of such mechanisms to myelin repair in the adult central nervous system is unclear since the therapeutic cells are generally derived from developing animals. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a population of neural cells from the adult spinal cord that are characterized by the expression of the cell surface glycoprotein NG2. In functional studies, injection of adult NG2~ cells into mice with ongoing MOG3~_~5-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE） enhanced remyelination in the CNS while the number of CD3＋ T cells in areas of spinal cord demyelination was reduced approximately three-fold. In vivostudies indicated that in EAE, NG2＊ cells stimulated endogenous repair while in vitro they responded to signals in areas of induced inflammation by differentiating into oligodendrocytes. These results suggested that adult NG2~ cells represent a useful cell population for promoting neural repair in a variety of different conditions including demyelinating diseases such as MS.

关键词： NG2 glycoprotein myelin oligodendro-cytes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis multiple sclerosis remyelination

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The Effects of Externally Paced Exercise on Executive Function and Stress in College-Aged Students

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 149-155页

作者： Peter C.Douris Joseph Cottone Patricia Cruz Nicholas Frosos Christie Marino Leonard Singamenggala Joshua Shapiro amber Sousa John P.Handrakis Joanne DiFrancisco‑Donoghue Department of Physical Therapy School of Health ProfessionsNew York Institute of TechnologyOld WestburyNY 11758USA College of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology(NYIT)Old WestburyNYUSA VA RR&D National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury James J.Peters VA Medical CenterBronxNYUSA

Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute effect of a beginner martial art class and aerobic exercise on executive function(EF)in college-aged young *** is overwhelming evidence that demonstrates acute as well as long-term aerobic exercise improves ***,there is limited research comparing externally paced exercise(EPE)to self-paced exercise(SPE)such as walking on improving *** requires greater cortical demand than SPE to execute a motor *** Eight men and eight women,aged 24.2±2.8 years,participated in a Repeated Measures Crossover ***-and post-testing of EF with the Stroop and Tower of London(ToL)and stress level were measured after each of the two 1-h conditions:the SPE consisted of a walk(aerobic exercise)and the EPE was a beginner martial art *** There were significant main effects for the martial art class for the Stroop’s mean reaction time for congruent trials(P=0.01)with a large-effect *** mean reaction time for incongruent trials was significant(P=0.05)with a medium-effect *** ToL’s mean solution time(P=0.003)and mean execution time(P=0.002)were also significant with large-effect *** levels were not significantly improved following either *** The martial art class significantly improved all the major domains of EF,while aerobic exercise of a similar intensity did not demonstrate any measured significant *** physiological benefits of physical exercise are well documented;however,the cognitive enhancing capability of EPE should also be appreciated given the results of this study.

关键词： Externally paced exercise Self-paced exercise Cognitive performance Executive function

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Changes in otolaryngology application requirements and match outcomes:Are we doing any better?

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第2期9卷 144-152页

作者： Emma De Ravin Ariel S.Frost Neal R.Godse amber D.Shaffer Noel Jabbour Barry M.Schaitkin Jason Newman Leila J.Mady Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health SystemPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Head and Neck Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMCPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and NeckSurgery Medical Universityof South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA MUSC Hollings Cancer Center CharlestonSouthCarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Cancer Risk and Control Program of Excellence Sidney Kimmel Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:Otolaryngology-specific requirements were piloted to minimize applicant and program *** investigated the impact of introducing and then removing these requirements on Match ***:2014-2021 National Resident Matching Program?data were *** primary outcome was the impact of Otolaryngology Resident Talent Assessment(ORTA;prematch 2017,postmatch 2019)and Program-Specific Paragraph(PSP;implemented 2016,optional 2018)on applicant numbers and match *** survey analysis assessed candidate perceptions of PSP/***:Applicant numbers declined significantly during PSP/ORTA(18.9%;p=0.001).With the optional PSP and postmatch ORTA,applicant numbers increased significantly(39.0%;p=0.002).Examined individually,mandatory PSP was associated with a significant decline in applicants(p=0.007),whereas postmatch ORTA was associated with significant increases in applicants(p=0.010).ORTA and PSP negatively impacted the decision to apply to otolaryngology in 59.8%and 51.3%of applicants,***,match rate success improved significantly from 74.8%to 91.2%during PSP/ORTA(p=0.014),followed by a significant decline to 73.1%after PSP was made optional and ORTA moved to postmatch(p=0.002).Conclusions:ORTA and PSP correlated with decreased applicant numbers and increased match rate *** programs seek ways to remove barriers to applying to otolaryngology,the potential consequences of an increasing pool of unmatched candidates must also be considered.

关键词： academic success internship and residency medical students otolaryngology surveys and questionnaires

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Stress engineering and the applications of inhomogeneously polarized optical fields

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2013年第1期6卷 89-96页

作者： Thomas G. BROWN amber M. BECKLEY The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA Department of Engineering Physics Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Montr6al QC H3C 3A7 Canada

Spatial inhomogeneities in the polarization of a light field can show fascinating effects in focusing, propagation, illumination, and imaging. This paper provides examples of these effects and describes how deterministic stress on the periphery of an optical element can be used in fundamental studies of beam propagation, as well as applications such as polarimetry.

关键词： polarization birefringence physical optics

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Current understanding of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2018年第3期4卷 179-185页

作者： Matthew A.Tyler amber U.Luong McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head&Neck SurgeryHoustonTX 77030USA McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center Center for Immunology and Autoimmune DiseasesInstitute of Molecular MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

Studying the pathophysiology of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) has proved challenging. While this clinical entity is easily distinguishable based on the clinical criteria set forth by Bent and Kuhn twenty-five years ago, studies examining type 2 inflammatory profiles in AFRS can make it seem more alike other CRS subtypes than it is different. Still, evolving research seems to clearly delineate this subtype from others in CRS. This review will critically evaluate the evolution of research examining the pathophysiology of AFRS and will conclude with a summary of the special considerations in the management of this fascinating disease.

关键词： Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis(AFRS) Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) Nasal polyps Type 2 inflammation Allergic sinusitis Fungal sinusitis Fungal allergy Eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis Nasal polyposis

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C-reactive protein and telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT)associate with chronic disease markers in a sample from low-income neighborhoods in Detroit,Michigan

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第4期4卷 275-279页

作者： David P.Ferguson Eric C.Leszczynski Teresa H.Horton Karin A.Pfeiffer Joseph Gardiner amber L.Pearson Department of Kinesiology Michigan State UniversityUnited States Department of Anthropology Northwestern UniversityUnited States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State UniversityUnited States Department of Geography Environment and Spatial SciencesMichigan State UniversityUnited States

Racial and ethnic minorities in economically deprived inner cities experience high rates of chronic diseases compared to neighborhoods with higher socioeconomic status(SES).However,these economically deprived populations are understudied in terms of biomarkers associated with chronic disease risk which include C-reactive protein(CRP),telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT),and glycosylated hemoglobin(A1C).We examined relationships between CRP and TERT and chronic disease indicators(body mass index[BMI]and A1C)in two lowincome,predominantly African American(AA)neighborhoods in Detroit,***-nine adults(43 females,26 males,mean age 46 years[y],standard deviation[SD]=15.9)completed a health survey,anthropometry,and finger stick blood tests.A1C was measured using A1CNow test strips,and CRP and TERT levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)with samples extracted from dried blood *** examined CRP(mean=4.9,SD=3.1),TERT(mean=32.5,SD=15.1),and A1C(mean=5.4,SD=1.0)by BMI *** fitted restricted maximum likelihood regression models to evaluate associations between CRP,TERT,BMI,and A1C,after adjustment for demographics and inclusion of a random effect for the *** this predominantly AA sample(91%,63/69),68%had levels of CRP(means=4.8 mg/L,SD=3.0 for AAs;6.4 mg/L,SD=3.9 for all others)indicative of chronic inflammation(CRP greater than 3 mg/L).BMI was significantly associated with CRP(p=0.004)and TERT(p=0.026).TERT levels indicate that being overweight is associated with markers of chromosome remodeling,suggestive of chronic *** followed a similar trend with overweight individuals having higher inflammation and risk of chronic *** findings warrant further exploration of additional factors that may influence CRP and ***,examining populations in a more ethnically and/or economically diverse,yet still high proportion minority,sample will fill a knowledge gap in this understudied field.

关键词： Ethnic minority Inequality Chronic disease Urban Biomarkers

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Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract reduces AlCl_3-induced neurotoxicity in mice brain through regulation of amyloid precursor protein and oxidative stress gene expression

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第2期11卷 123-130页

作者： san.la amber Syed Adnan Ali Shah Touqeer Ahmed Saadia Zahid Neurobiology Research laboratory Department of Healthcare BiotechnologyAtta-ur-Rahman School of Applied BiosciencesNational University of Sciences and Technology Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns)Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus

Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Syzygium aromaticum(***)extract(500 mg/kg) on AlCl_3(300 mg/kg)-induced mouse model of oxidative stress and ***: An ethanolic extract of *** seeds was prepared and the active compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance ***/c mice were divided into five groups(negative control, AlCl_3-treated, self-recovery, AlCl_3 + ***, *** only; n=10) and treated with AlCl_3 and *** *** of oxidative markers [Superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1) and peroxiredoxin 6(Prdx6)] and amyloid precursor protein(APP) in the hippocampus and cortex was evaluated via *** assessment was performed to investigate the extent of ***: It was observed that AlCl_3 exposure increased the expression of APP770 while simultaneously down regulated the expression of ***_3 also induced a significant decrease(P<0.05) and an increase(P<0.05) in the expression level of SOD1 and Prdx6, respectively.A substantial decrease substantial(P<0.05) in the density of Nissl substance was also observed in cortex of the mice treated with AlCl_***, treatment with *** extract normalized the alterations in the expression level of SOD1, Prdx6 and APPisoforms and improved the neuronal structural ***: The results showed that *** is a promising antioxidant and a neuroprotective agent.

关键词： Amyloid precursor protein Oxidative stress Aluminum Neurodegeneration

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