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Preparation on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum in the system of biological protection of wheat from Fusarium ear scab

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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2004年第4期 44-45页

作者： Kolombet L V,Sokolov M S,Chuprina V P,Schisler D A,samuels g j State Research Center for Applied Microbiology Obolensk Moscow Region Russia Research Center of Toxicology and Hygienic Regulation of Biological Products Serpukhov Russia All-Russia Research Institute of Biological Plant Disease Control Krasnodar Russia USDA-ARS NCAUR Peoria Illinois USA USDA-ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab. Beltsville USA

During the last century, as the area of wheat grown under advanced grain husbandry has increased worldwide, so too has the importance of Fusarium ear scab (FES) (synonym, Fusarium head blight) caused by several species of the fungus Fusarium. Yield losses due to FES can total 20%-40% and more depending on climatic conditions. During the last twenty years epidemics of FES in cereals have become chronic all over the world, including the United States and Russia. The most destructive of these were observed in 1982, 1986, 1990-1996 in USA and in the south of Russia in 1982, 1984, 1988, 1992. The harmful effect of FES is manifested not only in reduced grain yields, but also in the contamination of grains and grain products with mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives (3-alfa acetyl-DON, 15-alfa acetyl-DON), T-2 toxin and zearalenone. Standard means to control FES (cultural control methodologies, chemical pesticides, and FES resistant varieties) have little effect or are not practical and rarely reduce the accumulation of mycotoxins in grain. We have developed a new technique to reduce FES using biological preparations. The technique utilizes wheat seed pretreatment with a biofungicide “Mycol” in combination with spraying wheat plants during flowering with a yeast preparation. Technology for production of Mycol on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum strain gjS 03-35 (systematics by samuels) has been developed. This strain shows hyperparasitic activity against a wide spectrum of plant pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, a causative agent of FES in wheat. Experiments conducted in the United States demonstrated that spraying wheat plants during flowering with the patented yeast Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 (NRRL Y-30216) reliably reduces FES development. Tests of the Mycol preparation and the yeast OH 182.9 (EOD) have been performed on the spring wheat “Ivolga” in greenhouse conditions (the Moscow region) and on the winter wheat “K

关键词： Fusarium ear scab (FES) Fusarium head blight mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) biofungicide “Mycol” Trichoderma asperellum strain gjS 03-35 yeast Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 (NRRL. Y-30216) biocontrol

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Preparation on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum in the system of biological protection of wheat from Fusarium ear scab

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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 2004年第4期30卷 394-395页

作者： Kolombet L V Sokolov M S Chuprina V P Schisler D A samuels g j State Research Center for Applied Microbiology Obolensk Moscow Region RussiaResearch Center of Toxicology and Hygienic Regulation of Biological Products Serpukhov RussiaAll-Russia Research Institute of Biological Plant Disease Control Krasnodar Russia USDA-ARS NCAUR Peoria Illinois USA USDA-ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab. Beltsville USA

关键词：曲霉素木霉素镰刀霉穗痂病小麦生物防治

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Detection of Arterial Occlusions Using Viscoelastic Wave Propagation

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2009年第1期1卷 1-28页

作者： H.T.Banks j.R.samuels,jr. Center for Research in Scientific Computation North Carolina State UniversityCampus Box 8212RaleighNC 27695-8212USA

We consider the problem of detecting cardiac artery occlusions using stenosis driven viscoelastic(VE)waves propagated through biotissue to body surface *** investigate possible statistical model formulations(ordinary least squares(OLS),generalized least squares(gLS))and post analysis techniques(residual plots)to ascertain uncertainty in estimates as well as validity of the statistical models as part of a methodology for stenosis detection using viscoelastic waves.

关键词： Inverse problems viscoelastic models wave propagation in biotissue statistical models

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Secondary Cell Wall Deposition in Developing Secondary Xylem of Poplar

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 234-243页

作者： Minako Kaneda Kim Rensing Lacey samuels Department of Botany University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada Leica Microsystems BannockburnIllinoisUSA

Although poplar is widely used for genomic and biotechnological manipulations of wood, the cellular basis of wood development in poplar has not been accurately documented at an ultrastructural level. Developing secondary xylem cells from hybrid poplar （Populus deltoides x P. trichocarpa）, which were actively making secondary cell walls, were preserved with high pressure freezing/freeze substitution for light and electron microscopy. The distribution of xylans and mannans in the different cell types of developing secondary xylem were detected with immunofluorescence and immuno-gold labeling. While xylans, detected with the monoclonal antibody LM10, had a general distribution across the secondary xylem, mannans were enriched in the S2 secondary cell wall layer of fibers. To observe the cellular structures associated with secondary wall production, cryofixed fibers were examined with transmission electron microscopy during differentiation. There were abundant cortical microtubules and endomembrane activity in cells during the intense phase of secondary cell wall synthesis. Microtubuleassociated small membrane compartments were commonly observed, as well as golgi and secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

关键词： cell Secondary Cell Wall Deposition in Developing Secondary Xylem of Poplar

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Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of Thelonectria discophora(Ascomycota,Hypocreales,Nectriaceae)species complex

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第1期70卷 1-29页

作者： Catalina Salgado-Salazar Amy Y.Rossman gary j.samuels Yuuri Hirooka Romina M.Sanchez Priscila Chaverri Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland2112 Plant Sciences BuildingCollege ParkMD 20742USA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARSBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Biodiversity(Mycology) Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research CentreAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0C6Canada Centro de Recursos Renovables de la Zona Semiarida-Cerzos Conicet Universidad Nacional del SurCamino La Carrindanga Km7B8000FWB Bahía BlancaProvincia de Buenos AiresArgentina Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa RicaApartado11501-2060 San PedroSan JoséCosta Rica

Specimens regarded as Thelonectria discophora(Thelonectria,Nectriaceae,Hypocreales)constitute a conspicuous group of saprobic fungi on decaying plant material,characterized by red perithecia each with a broad mammiform(nipple-like)*** asexual state is characterized by a cylindrocarpon-like morphology,with 3–5 septate macroconidia,unicellular microconidia and chlamydospores that are rarely produced in *** the past,*** was regarded as one species with a wide geographic ***,a recent study rejected the monophyly and cosmopolitan distribution of this species,and showed the existence of at least 16 cryptic species distributed in three main *** combining the results of phylogenetic analyses of six nuclear loci and morphological studies,we revised the taxonomy of the *** species complex,resulting in the description of 12 new species and four new combinations based on historic *** though molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly support the segregation of these species,and are in agreement with previous studies,individual diagnostic morphological characters for each species could not be ***,discrete morphological traits corresponding to each of the three main groups of species were *** could be differentiated based on the average values of morphological traits as well as the presence/absence of characteristic asexual propagules and colony growth at ***,illustrations are provided for the recognized species.

关键词： New species Rubus canker Species concept Taxonomy

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The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma:a revision with new species

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第4期55卷 77-108页

作者： gary j.samuels Adnan Ismaiel Temesgen B.Mulaw george Szakacs Irina S.Druzhinina Christian P.Kubicek Walter M.jaklitsch United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceSystematic Mycology&Microbiology LaboratoryB-010a10300 Baltimore AveBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Center for Environmental Science Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD 21201USA Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science Budapest University of Technology and Economics(BUTE)1111 BudapestGellért ter 4Hungary Vienna University of Technology Institute of Chemical EngineeringGetreidemarkt 9/1661060 WienAustria Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Faculty Centre of BiodiversityUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030 ViennaAustria

The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is *** new species are described(***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***).The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic *** parareesei and *** are redescribed based on new collections or additional *** teleomorphs are reported for *** and *** described species are annotated.

关键词： Hypocrea Hypocreaceae Hypocreales Endophyte Medical mycology Revision Systematics Taxonomy Soil fungi Biogeography

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Corallomycetella属及以C. jatrophae为模式建立新属Corallonectria(丛赤壳科,肉座菌目)(英文)

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菌物学报 2013年第3期32卷 518-544页

作者： C.S.HERRERA A.Y.ROSSMAN g.j.samuels Christian LECHAT P.CHAVERRI Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland2112 Plant Sciences BuildingCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceB-010A10300 BeltsvilleMaryland 20705USA Ascofrance 64 route de ChizéF-79360 Villiers en BoisFrance

对Corallomycetella属的概念进行了阐述,该属包括子实体为红色、在自然和培养条件下产生菌索的丛赤壳类真菌。根据对近期采集的标本的观察和多基因系统树分析的结果,广义的Corallomycetella repens形成2个分支,它们与生物地理因素相关... 详细信息

对Corallomycetella属的概念进行了阐述,该属包括子实体为红色、在自然和培养条件下产生菌索的丛赤壳类真菌。根据对近期采集的标本的观察和多基因系统树分析的结果,广义的Corallomycetella repens形成2个分支,它们与生物地理因素相关联。狭义的Corallomycetella repens限于来自亚洲的标本,而***来自非洲和美洲。Corallomycetella属成熟的子囊孢子表面具有纤细条纹,此特征过去曾被忽略,***与广义的Neonectria属关系接近,而与***和***关系较远;因而建立新属Corallonectria,其子囊壳表面细粉状,无性型为束丝结构并与镰孢菌相似。

关键词：生物地理学真菌系统学丛赤壳属植物病原菌

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A global meta-analysis of woody plant responses to elevated CO_(2):implications on biomass,growth,leaf N content,photosynthesis and water relations

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 723-743页

作者： Mthunzi Mndela julius T.Tjelele Ignacio C.Madakadze Mziwanda Mangwane Igshaan M.samuels Francuois Muller Hosia T.Pule Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit(ABEERU) Department of Environmental SciencesUNISAPrivate Bag X6Florida 1710South Africa Agricultural Research Council APIP/Bag X02IrenePretoria 0062South Africa University of Pretoria P/Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Background:Atmospheric CO_(2)may double by the year 2100,thereby altering plant growth,photosynthesis,leaf nutrient contents and water ***,atmospheric CO_(2)is currently 50%higher than pre-industrial levels and is projected to rise as high as 936μmol mol^(−1)under worst-case scenario in *** objective of the study was to investigate the effects of elevated CO_(2)on woody plant growth,production,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf N and water ***:A meta-analysis of 611 observations from 100 peer-reviewed articles published from 1985 to 2021 was *** selected articles in which elevated CO_(2)and ambient CO_(2)range from 600–1000 and 300–400μmol mol^(−1),*** CO_(2)was categorized into700μmol mol^(−1)***:Total biomass increased similarly across the three elevated CO_(2)concentrations,with leguminous trees(LTs)investing more biomass to shoot,whereas non-leguminous trees(NLTs)invested to root *** area index,shoot height,and light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(max))were unresponsive atgnificantly at 700 and>700μmol mol^(−1).However,shoot biomass and A_(max)acclimatized as the duration of woody plants exposure to elevated CO_(2)*** rate of photosynthetic Rubisco carboxylation(V_(cmax))and apparent maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport(j_(max))were *** CO_(2)reduced stomatal conductance(g_(s))by 32%on average and increased water use efficiency by 34,43 and 63%for700μmol mol^(−1),*** N content decreased two times more in NLTs than LTs growing at elevated CO_(2)than ambient CO_(2).Conclusions:Our results suggest that woody plants will benefit from elevated CO_(2)through increased photosyn-thetic rate,productivity and improved water status,but the responses will vary by woody plant traits and length of exposure to elevated CO_(2).

关键词： Atmospheric CO_(2) Biomass production Leaf nitrogen content Meta-analysis Photosynthetic rate Stomatal conductance Water use efficiency Woody plants

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Race,gender,and genre in American Civil War Literature: An Interview with Shirley samuels

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外国文学研究 2021年第2期43卷 1-14页

作者：郝运慧雪莉·塞缪尔斯北京交通大学语言与传播学院美国康奈尔大学

雪莉·塞缪尔斯是康奈尔大学英文与美国研究教授,其主要研究领域为19世纪美国文学与文化,重点关注种族与性别。她是美国内战文学领域的知名学者之一,著述广泛,颇具影响力。其中重点和具有代表性的著述包括《文化证词与内战》(2020)、《... 详细信息

雪莉·塞缪尔斯是康奈尔大学英文与美国研究教授,其主要研究领域为19世纪美国文学与文化,重点关注种族与性别。她是美国内战文学领域的知名学者之一,著述广泛,颇具影响力。其中重点和具有代表性的著述包括《文化证词与内战》(2020)、《解读1780—1865年间的美国小说》(2012)、《亚伯拉罕·林肯剑桥指南》(2012)、《直面美国:图像学与美国内战》(2004),"文学与内战"(收录于《美国文学指南》,2020)、"审视林肯"(收录于《美国内战文学史》,2016)等。在本次访谈中,塞缪尔斯教授介绍了一个半世纪以来美国内战文学书写的流变,聚焦于该文学谱系中的种族、性别和文类三个重要议题。她指出了近几十年间内战文学在种族和奴隶制问题上的深化与新颖研究。同时,她格外关注了女性作家(包括非裔女性作家)对内战的记录与书写,以及日记和奴隶叙事等时常被人忽视的文类。她还建议内战文学学者们将视野置于更为广阔的19世纪美国历史及文化语境,拓展理解内战文学的疆界。

关键词：美国内战文学种族性别文类

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随机过程概要

随机过程概要

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作者： j.C.·塞缪尔斯(j.C. samuels)

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