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Lignocellulosic biomass as sustainable feedstock and materials for power generation and energy storage

journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第6期30卷 247-280,I0007页

作者： Fangqian Wang Denghao Ouyang Ziyuan Zhou samuel jPage Dehua Liu Xuebing Zhao Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondon W120BZUK

Lignocellulosic biomass has attracted great interest in recent years for energy production due to its renewability and carbon-neutral *** are various ways to convert lignocellulose to gaseous,liquid and solid fuels via thermochemical,chemical or biological *** biomass derived fuels include syngas,bio-gas,bio-oil,bioethanol and biochar,all of which could be used as fuels for furnace,engine,turbine or fuel *** biomass fuel cells mediated by various electron carriers provide a new direction of lignocellulose *** metal and non-metal based carriers have been screened for mediating the electron transfer from biomass to oxygen thus generating *** power density of direct biomass fuel cells can be over 100 mW cm^(-2),which shows promise for practical *** and its isolated components,primarily cellulose and lignin,have also been paid considerable attention as sustainable carbonaceous materials for preparation of electrodes for supercapacitors,lithium-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur *** this paper,we have provided a state-of-the-art review on the research progress of lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock and materials for power generation and energy storage focusing on the chemistry aspects of the *** was recommended that process integration should be performed to reduce the cost for thermochemical and biological conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels,while efforts should be made to increase efficiency and improve the properties for biomass fuelled fuel cells and biomass derived electrodes for energy storage.

关键词： Lignocellulosic biomass Cellulose Lignin Power generation Energy storage Electrode materials

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Electrocardiographic markers of cardiac resynchronization therapy response:delayed time to intrinsicoid deflection onset in lateral leads

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第1期19卷 21-30页

作者： Rubén KA Tapia-Orihuela S Michael Gharacholou samuel j Asirvatham Freddy Del-Carpio Munoz Department of Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosFacultad de Medicina de San FernandoLimaPeru Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)has emerged as an important intervention for patients with heart failure(HF)with reduced ejection fraction and delayed ventricular *** these patients,CRT has demonstrated to improve quality of life,promote reverse left ventricular(LV)remodeling,reduce HF hospitalizations,and extend ***,despite advancements in our understanding of CRT,a significant number of patients do not respond to this *** invasive and non-invasive parameters have been assessed to predict response to CRT,but the electrocardiogram(ECG)has remained as the prevailing screening method albeit with ***,an accurate,simple,and reproducible ECG marker or set of markers would dramatically overcome the current *** describe the clinical utility of an old ECG parameter that can estimate ventricular activation delay:the onset to intrinsicoid deflection(ID).Based on the concept of direct measurement of ventricular activation time(intrinsic deflection onset),time to ID onset measures on the surface ECG the time that the electrical activation time takes to reach the area subtended by the corresponding surface ECG *** on this principle,the time to ID on the lateral leads can estimate the delay activation to the lateral LV wall and can be used as a predictor for CRT response,particularly in patients with non-specific intraventricular conduction delay or in patients with left bundle branch block and QRS<150 *** aim of this review is to present the current evidence and potential use of this ECG parameter to estimate LV activation and predict CRT response.

关键词： deflection intrinsic synchronization

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4D imaging of void nucleation,growth,and coalescence from large and small inclusions in steel under tensile deformation

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第28期123卷 168-176页

作者： Yi Guo Timothy L.Burnett samuel A.McDonald Michael Daly Andrew H.Sherry Philip j.Withers Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Henry Royce Institute Department of MaterialsUniversity of ManchesterM139PLUK European Synchrotron Radiation Facility(ESRF) 6 rue J Horowitz38000 GrenobleFrance National Nuclear Laboratory Chadwick HouseBirchwood ParkWarringtonWA36AEUK

Samples of SA508 grade 3 nuclear pressure vessel ferritic steel were subjected to tensile straining whilst being simultaneously imaged in 3D in real time using high resolution,high frame rate time-lapse synchrotron computed tomography(CT).This enabled direct observation of void development from nucleation,through growth to coalescence and final failure validating many inferences made post-mortem or by theoretical models,as well as raising new *** sparse,large inclusions were found to nucleate voids at essentially zero plastic strain(consistent with zero interfacial strength);these became increasingly elongated with *** contrast,a high density of small spherical voids were found to nucleate from the sub-micron cementite particles at larger strains(>200%)only in the centre of the necked(high triaxiality)*** interfacial strength approaching 2100 MPa was inferred and soon after their nucleation,these small voids coalesce to form internal microcracks that lead to the final failure of the *** surprisingly,under these conditions of generally low triaxial constraint the large voids are simply cut across and appear to play no significant role in determining the final *** implications of these results are discussed in terms of ductile fracture behaviour and the Gurson model for ductile fracture.

关键词： Void growth Ductile fracture Synchrotron X-ray tomography 4D imaging Bainitic steel

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Chemotherapy predictors and a time-dependent chemotherapy effect in metastatic esophageal cancer

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第2期14卷 511-524页

作者： Lauren Midthun Sungjin Kim Andrew Hendifar Arsen Osipov samuel j Klempner joseph Chao May Cho Michelle Guan Veronica R Placencio-Hickok Alexandra Gangi Miguel Burch De-Chen Lin Kevin Waters Katelyn Atkins mitchell Kamrava jun Gong Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and OncologyCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States samuel Oschin Cancer Center Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697United States Department of Medicine Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Radiation Oncology Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Radiation Oncology Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

BACKGROUND Chemotherapy has long been shown to confer a survival benefit in patients with metastatic esophageal ***,not all patients with metastatic disease receive *** To evaluate a large cancer database of metastatic esophageal cancer cases to identify predictors of receipt to chemotherapy and *** We interrogated the National Cancer Database(NCDB)between 2004-2015 and included patients with M1 disease who had received or did not receive chemotherapy.A logistic regression model was used to examine the associations between chemotherapy and potential confounders and a Cox proportional hazards model was employed to examine the effect of chemotherapy on overall survival(OS).Propensity score analyses were further performed to balance measurable confounders between patients treated with and without *** A total of 29182 patients met criteria for inclusion in this analysis,with 21911(75%)receiving chemotherapy and 7271(25%)not receiving *** median follow-up was 69.45 *** median OS for patients receiving chemotherapy was 9.53 mo(9.33-9.72)vs 2.43 mo(2.27-2.60)with no *** of diagnosis 2010-2014[odds ratio(OR):1.29,95%confidence interval(CI):1.17-1.43,P value$46000(OR:1.49,95%CI:1.27-1.75,P value<0.001),and node-positivity(OR:1.35,95%CI:1.20-1.52,P<0.001)were independent predictors of receiving chemotherapy,while female gender(OR:0.86,95%CI:0.76-0.98,P=0.019),black race(OR:0.76,95%CI:0.67-0.93,P=0.005),uninsured status(OR:0.41,95%CI:0.33-0.52,P<0.001),and high Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)(OR for CCI≥2:0.61,95%CI:0.50-0.74,P<0.001)predicted for lower odds of receiving *** the effect of chemotherapy on OS using a time-dependent coefficient showed that chemotherapy was associated with improved OS up to 10 mo,after which there is no significant effect on ***,uninsured status[hazard ratio(HR):1.20,95%CI:1.09-1.31,P<0.001],being from the geographic

关键词： Esophageal cancer Metastatic Chemotherapy Predictors Survival

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Reflections on the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen-B27 and human leukocyte antigen-B51 co-occurrence in patients with spondylarthritis

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8422-8424页

作者： jucier Gonçalves júnior Percival Degrava Sampaio-Barros samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo Division of Rheumatology São Paulo UniversitySão Paulo 01246-903São PauloBrazil

We performed a literature mini-review of the clinical profile of patients with spondylarthritis who are also human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-*** seems to us that patients with HLA-B27 and HLA-B51 are more common in men,Asians and between the third and ninth decades of *** are more likely to develop peripheral joint conditions,with cutaneous manifestations(e.g.,oral ulcers)and ***,more robust epidemiological studies with more accurate methodology and multicenter locations are needed to better map the role of the interaction between HLA-B51 in patients with spondylarthritis.

关键词： HLA-B27 HLA-B51 Ankylosing spondylitis Spondylarthritis Human leukocyte antigen

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The electrode tortuosity factor:why the conventional tortuosity factor is not well suited for quantifying transport in porous Li-ion battery electrodes and what to use instead

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 633-644页

作者： Tuan-Tu Nguyen Arnaud Demortière Benoit Fleutot Bruno Delobel Charles Delacourt samuel j.Cooper Laboratoire de Réactivitéet Chimie des Solides(LRCS) CNRS UMR 7314Universitéde Picardie Jules VerneHub de l’EnergieRue Baudelocque80039 Amiens CedexFrance Renault Technocentre 78084 GuyancourtFrance Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’Energie(RS2E) CNRS FR 3459Hub de l’EnergieRue Baudelocque80039 Amiens CedexFrance ALISTORE-European Research Institute CNRS FR 3104Hub de l’EnergieRue Baudelocque80039 Amiens CedexFrance Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72DBUK

The tortuosity factor of porous battery electrodes is an important parameter used to correlate electrode microstructure with performance through numerical ***,having an appropriate method for the accurate determination of tortuosity factors is *** paper presents a numerical approach,based on simulations performed on numerically-generated microstructural images,which enables a comparison between two common experimental methods.

关键词： methods electrode porous

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Rhizosphere Bacteria for Biocontrol of Bacterial Blight and Growth Promotion of Rice

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Rice science 2013年第5期20卷 356-362页

作者： Palaniyandi VELUSAMY j.EBENEZAR IMMANUEL samuel S.GNANAMANICKAM Department of Biotechnology School of Bioengineering SRM UniversityKattankulathur 603203India Department of Botany The American CollegeMadurai 625002India Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany University of MadrasChennai 600025India

Several bacterial strains were isolated from different rhizospheres. Among these, strain PDY7 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the rice bacterial blight （BB） pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo） by the laboratory dual plate assays. The antibacterial property of the strain PDY7 was further investigated for the production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol （DAPG）, which amplified a characteristic of 629-bp DNA fragment by PCR-based screening method using phlD primers. The application of phlD positive strains was carefully evaluated for disease control and growth promotion of rice plants under field conditions. The selected strain PDY7 suppressed the rice BB by 58.83% and 51.88% under glass house and field conditions, respectively. In addition, the strain PDY7 showed significant two-fold increase in root length （18.08 cm）, shoot length （29.81 cm）, and grain yield （96.07 g）. Strain PDY7 promoted the growth of rice plants by production of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, which was determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） analysis. Our findings suggest that PDY7 belongs to the P. fluorescens group and can serve as potential biocontrol of BB as well as biofertilizer agent for growth promotion of rice.

关键词： Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial blight biocontrol antibacterial activity plant growth- promoting rhizobacterium

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Stent,drug,polymer——enefits,risks,and opportunities

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2006年第2期3卷 71-72页

作者： samuel j.Shubrooks Interventional Cardiology Section Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School

　　It has been well established that use of drug-eluting stents has resulted in marked reduction in neointimal proliferation following stenting and that this is reflected clinically in a very significant decrease in late lumen loss, instent restenosis, and target lesion revascularization. This benefit occurs, however, in the setting of delayed endothelial and vascular wall healing with its potential for continuing thrombogenicity requiring more prolonged use of dual antiplatelet therapy to prevent stent thrombosis.……

关键词： enefits,risks,and opportunities Stent,drug,polymer

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Effective teaching of endoscopy:a qualitative study of the perceptions of gastroenterology fellows and attending gastroenterologists

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第2期4卷 125-130,I0002页

作者： Daniel j.Zanchetti samuel A.Schueler Brian C.jacobson Robert C.Lowe Boston University Medical Center BostonMAUSA

Background:There is little information describing the perceptions of gastroenterology fellows and attending gastroenterologists of what constitutes effective teaching of *** sought to identify common themes regarding endoscopy training methods and their impact among fellows and ***:Focus group exercises and surveys were conducted among fellows,about educational resources,teaching techniques and ways of improving the teaching of *** fellows identified the‘best’teachers of endoscopy,who were interviewed regarding their training in endoscopy,their teaching methods,key points of information,and opinions on endoscopy ***:Nineteen fellows(68%)had attended the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy First Year Fellows’Endoscopy course and found it very *** fellows(46%)had exposure to an endoscopy simulator,but their median duration of use was only 1 *** two out of five fellowship programs used a formal endoscopic skill assessment tool and none of the programs had an endoscopy curriculum of which the fellows were *** reported that they learned endoscopy best by performing *** also volunteered that attending gastroenterologists used variable teaching methods,and might benefit from instruction on how to teach *** attending gastroenterologists(77%)had received training in advanced procedures;none received formal training on teaching endoscopy:they all felt that such training would be ***:A standardized endoscopy curriculum may be beneficial to fellows,who prefer to learn endoscopy by performing procedures—but they want explicit and specific *** those attending and the fellows thought that formal instruction for attending gastroenterologists on how to teach endoscopy would be beneficial,indicating a role for a‘teachthe-teacher’curriculum.

关键词： endoscopy curriculum teaching endoscopy gastroenterology fellowship training

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Antimicrobial peptides and the gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第43期27卷 7402-7422页

作者： john Gubatan Derek R Holman Christopher j Puntasecca Danielle Polevoi samuel jS Rubin Stephan Rogalla Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineRedwood CityCA 94063United States Department of Radiology Molecular Imaging Program at StanfordStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94063United States

Antimicrobial peptides(AMP)are highly diverse and dynamic molecules that are expressed by specific intestinal epithelial cells,Paneth cells,as well as immune cells in the gastrointestinal(GI)*** play critical roles in maintaining tolerance to gut microbiota and protecting against enteric *** that disruptions in tolerance to commensal microbiota and loss of barrier function play major roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and converge on the function of AMP,the significance of AMP as potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in IBD have been increasingly recognized in recent *** this frontier article,we discuss the function and mechanisms of AMP in the GI tract,examine the interaction of AMP with the gut microbiome,explore the role of AMP in the pathogenesis of IBD,and review translational applications of AMP in patients with IBD.

关键词： Antimicrobial peptides Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Gut microbiome Biomarkers

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