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A novel approach for the prevention of ionizing radiation-induced bone loss using a designer multifunctional cerium oxide nanozyme

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第3期21卷 547-565页

作者： Fei Wei Craig j.Neal Tamil Selvan Sakthivel Yifei Fu Mahmoud Omer Amitava Adhikary samuel Ward Khoa Minh Ta samuel Moxon Marco Molinari jackson Asiatico Michael Kinzel Sergey N.Yarmolenko Vee San Cheong Nina Orlovskaya Ranajay Ghosh Sudipta Seal Melanie Coathup Biionix Cluster Department of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre Nanoscience Technology Center(NSTC)Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA CMC Materials 870 North CommonsDrAuroraILUSA Department of Chemistry Oakland UniversityRochesterMIMIUSA School of Applied Sciences Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of HuddersfieldUK Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSA Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Biomaterials North Carolina A&T UniversityGreensboroNCUSA Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering Insigneo Institute for In Silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS13JDUK

The disability,mortality and costs due to ionizing radiation(IR)-induced osteoporotic bone fractures are sub-stantial and no effective therapy *** radiation increases cellular oxidative damage,causing an imbalance in bone turnover that is primarily driven via heightened activity of the bone-resorbing *** demonstrate that rats exposed to sublethal levels of IR develop fragile,osteoporotic *** reactive surface sites,cerium ions have the ability to easily undergo redox cycling:drastically adjusting their electronic con-figurations and versatile catalytic *** properties make cerium oxide nanomaterials *** show that an engineered artificial nanozyme composed of cerium oxide,and designed to possess a higher fraction of trivalent(Ce^(3+))surface sites,mitigates the IR-induced loss in bone area,bone architecture,and *** investigations also demonstrate that our nanozyme furnishes several mechanistic avenues of protection and selectively targets highly damaging reactive oxygen species,protecting the rats against IR-induced DNA damage,cellular senescence,and elevated osteoclastic activity in vitro and in ***,we reveal that our nanozyme is a previously unreported key regulator of osteoclast formation derived from macrophages while also directly targeting bone progenitor cells,favoring new bone formation despite its exposure to harmful levels of IR in *** findings open a new approach for the specific prevention of IR-induced bone loss using synthesis-mediated designer multifunctional nanomaterials.

关键词： Ionizing radiation Osteoporosis Nanozyme Cerium oxide Bone strength Bone resorption

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Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the granitic gneiss in the Huozhou Complex: implications for the tectonic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第1期42卷 153-181页

作者： Chong Peng Haiyan Liu Ruiying Zhang Cremilda samuel jofrisse Linfu Xue Baozhi Pan College of Geographical Sciences Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030031China Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026China College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China School of GeoSciences University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JWUK

The Trans-North China Orogen is a major Neoarchean Paleoproterozoic collisional orogenic belt above the North China Craton, formed due to prolonged and complex processes. Even though many NeoarcheanPaleoproterozoic magmatic and metamorphic activities have been reported, due to the Huozhou Complex’s small outcropping range, little attention has been paid to the origin of various igneous rocks of the Huozhou Complex in the center of the Trans-North China Orogen. The Huozhou Complex, located south of the Luè liang, Wutai, and Hengshan complexes, is an important window into the Early Precambrian structure and evolution of the North China Craton. Its magma and metamorphism are crucial to understanding the development of the structural evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. The Huozhou metamorphic complex area exposes a range of Precambrian metamorphic rocks, among which the most extensively dispersed is felsic biotite plagioclase gneiss. In this study comprehensive geological field survey, micropetrology,chronology, geochemistry, and Hf isotope analysis were carried out for the Qinggangping and Anziping gneiss in the north of the Huozhou Complex. The results show that the magmatic zircon age of the Qinggangping gneiss is2196 ± 14 Ma, and its protolith is I-type granite, formed by partial melting of igneous rocks in the absence of weathering. Its source is mainly the juvenile crust from depleted mantle dating 2431–2719 Ma, with a small amount of mantle-derived material. The Anziping gneiss has a metamorphic zircon age of 1931 ± 13 Ma with an S-type granite protolith belonging to peraluminous *** Anziping gneiss is formed by recycling pre-existing crustal components at 2613–2848 Ma. A minor quantity of mantle-derived magma is also introduced to the crust simultaneously. The samples of Qinggangping gneiss and Anziping gneiss show the characteristics of obvious negative Nb, Ti, and P elements in the spider diagram of primitive mantle standardization. This implies

关键词： Zircon U–Pb dating Geochemistry Huozhou complex Trans-North China orogen Biotite plagioclase gneiss North China craton

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Addressing the MSICS learning curve: identification of instrument-holding techniques used by experienced surgeons

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第5期14卷 693-699页

作者： Alexandra j.Berges Zervin R.Baam Angela Zhu Shameema Sikder samuel Yiu Ravilla D.Ravindran Kunal S.Parikh johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD 21287USA Aravind Eye Hospital MaduraiTamil Nadu 625001India Wilmer Eye Institute BaltimoreMD 21287USA Center for Nanomedicine BaltimoreMD 21231USA Department of Biomedical Engineering BaltimoreMD 21218USA Center for Bioengineering Innovation&Design BaltimoreMD 21218USA

AIM: To identify instrument holding archetypes used by experienced surgeons in order to develop a universal language and set of validated techniques that can be utilized in manual small incision cataract surgery(MSICS) curricula. METHODS: Experienced cataract surgeons performed five MSICS steps(scleral incision, scleral tunnel, side port, corneal tunnel, and capsulorhexis) in a wet lab to record surgeon hand positions. Images and videos were taken during each step to identify validated hand position ***: For each MSICS step, one or two major archetypes and key modifying variables were observed, including tripod for scleral incision, tripod-thumb bottom for scleral tunnel, underhand-index to thumb grip for side port, index-contact tripod for corneal entry, and tripodforceps for capsulorhexis. Key differences were noted in thumb placement and number of fingers supporting the instrument, and modifying variables included index finger curvature and amount of ***: Identification of optimal hand positions and development of a formal nomenclature has the potential to help trainees adopt hand positions in an informed manner, influence instrument design, and improve surgical outcomes.

关键词： cataract manual small incision cataract surgery instrument holding training learning curve

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Forensic isoscapes based on intra-individual temporal variation of δ^(18)O and ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb in human teeth

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第1期6卷 42-52页

作者： Laura A.Regan Nathan W.Bower samuel j.Brown Craig C.Lundstrom Gideon Bartov Matthew D.Cooney Office of Net Assessment Department of DefenseWashingtonDCUSA Chemistry and Biochemistry Department Colorado CollegeColorado SpringsCOUSA Geology Department University of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA Information Technology Services Colorado CollegeColorado SpringsCOUSA

Isotopic signatures used in the georeferencing of human remains are largely fixed by spatially distinct geologic and environmental ***,location-dependent temporal changes in these isotope ratios should also be considered when determining an individual’s provenance and/or *** of the relevant isotopes can be impacted by predictable external factors such as climate change,delocalisation of food and water sources and changes in sources and uses of *** Multi-Collector Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer(MC-ICP-MS)analyses of ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb in tooth enamel and dentin from a population of 21±1-year-old individuals born circa 1984 and isotope ratio mass spectrometry(IRMS)of δ^(18)O in their enamel,we examined the expected influence of some of these *** resulting adjustments to the geographic distribution of isotope ratios(isoscapes)found in tooth enamel and dentin may contain additional useful information for forensic identification,but the shifts in values can also impact the uncertainty and usefulness of identifications if they are not taken into account.

关键词： Forensic sciences dentin enamel environmental geolocation isoscape radiogenic and stable isotopes

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Regional scientific research benefits threatened-species conservation

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1076-1079页

作者： Yisi Hu Zhenhua Luo Colin A.Chapman Stuart L.Pimm samuel T.Turvey Michael j.Lawes Carlos A.Peres Tien Ming Lee Pengfei Fan School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Department of Anthropology and School of Environment Mc Gill University School of Life Sciences University of Kwa Zulu-Natal The College of Life Sciences Northwest University Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University

Although conventional wisdom considers knowledge of threatened species’ ecology and status essential for conservation, few studies demonstrate this in a quantitative way across many species and within the same political entity. Here,we evaluated the impacts of scientific research against conservation interventions(including funding) and specieslevel correlates, accounting for phylogenetic relatedness, on the conservation

关键词： China Regional scientific research benefits threatened-species conservation

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Exploring the band structure of Wurtzite InAs nanowires using photocurrent spectroscopy

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1586-1591页

作者： Seyyedesadaf Pournia samuel Linser Giriraj jnawali Howard E.jackson Leigh M.Smith Amira Ameruddin Philippe Caroff jennifer Wong-Leung Hark Hoe Tan Chennupati jagadish Hannah j.joyce Department of Physics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221-0011USA Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of Engineering University of Cambridge9 JJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB30FAUK

Nano Research volume We use polarized photocurrent spectroscopy in a nanowire device to investigate the band structure of hexagonal Wurtzite *** of optical transitions between four valence bands and two conduction bands are observed which are consistent with the symmetries expected from group *** ground state transition energy identified from photocurrent spectra is seen to be consistent with photoluminescence emitted from a cluster of nanowires from the same growth *** the energies of the observed bands we determine the spin orbit and crystal field energies in Wurtzite *** information is vital to the development of crystal phase engineering of this important III-V semiconductor.

关键词： nanowires Wurtzite InAs photocurrent measurement optical selection rules energy band structure

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In vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of a combination therapy of diminazene and chloroquine against murine visceral leishmaniasis

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The journal of Biomedical Research 2015年第3期29卷 214-223页

作者： samuel W.Mwololo joshua M.Mutiso john C.Macharia Alain j.Bourdichon Michael M.Gicheru Department of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases Institute of Primate Research BPM Bulk Medicine and Pharmaceuticals Production TROPMED GMbH

The present study evaluated the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of diminazene combined with chloroquine as a potential drug against Leishmania donovani. Amphotericin B was used as a positive control drug. In vitro activity involved incubation of various drug concentrations with promastigotes or vero cells in culture before determination of parasite growth inhibition or cell death while in vivo evaluations involved infection of various mice groups with virulent L. donovani parasites and treatment with test drug compounds following disease establishment. Weight changes in experimental mice were also evaluated before infection and throughout the experiment. The results indicated that the diminazene-chloroquine combination was at least nine times more efficacious than individual drugs in killing promastigotes in culture. The diminazene-chloroquine combination was safer （Ld50=0.03±0.04） than Amphotericin B （Ld50=0.02±0.01）. Body weight in infected mice increased significantly （P=0.0007） from day 7 to day 37 following infection （P=0.026）. However, body weight remained comparable in all mice groups during treatment （P=0.16）. The diminazene-chloroquine combination significantly reduced splenic parasite numbers as compared to individual drug therapies （P=0.0001） although Amphotericin B was still more efficacious than any other treatment （P=0.0001）. Amongst the test compounds, the diminazene-chloroquine combination showed the lowest level of IgG antibody responses with results indicating significant negative correlation between antileishmanial antibody responses and protection against disease. These findings demonstrate the positive advantage and the potential use of a combined therapy of diminazene-chloroquine over the constituent drugs. Further evaluation is recommended to determine the most efficacious combination ratio of the two compounds.

关键词： efficacy diminazene-chloroquine combination therapy Leishmania donovani visceral leishmaniasis BALB/c mice

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High-efficiencygenomeediting in plants mediated by a Cas9 gene containing multiple introns

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Plant Communications 2021年第2期2卷 63-77页

作者： Ramona Grützner Patrick Martin Claudia Horn samuel Mortensen Erin j.Cram Carolyn W.T.Lee-Parsons johannes Stuttmann Sylvestre Marillonnet Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Institute for Biology Department of Plant GeneticsMartin Luther University Halle-WittenbergWeinbergweg 1006120 Halle(Saale)Germany Department of Biology Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA

The recent discovery of the mode of action of the CRISPR/Cas9 systemhas provided biologists with a useful tool for generating site-specific mutations in genes of *** plants,site-targeted mutations are usually obtained by the stable transformation of a Cas9 expression construct into the plant *** efficiency of introducing mutations in genes of interest can vary considerably depending on the specific features of the constructs,including the source and nature of the promoters and terminators used for the expression of the Cas9 gene and the guide RNA,and the sequence of the Cas9 nuclease *** optimize the efficiency of the Cas9 nuclease in generating mutations in target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana,we investigated several features of its nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence,including the codon usage,the number of nuclear localization signals(NLSs),and the presence or absence of *** found that the Cas9 gene codon usage had some effect on its activity and that two NLSs worked better than ***,the highest efficiency of the constructs was achieved by the addition of 13 introns into the Cas9 coding sequence,which dramatically improved the editing efficiency of the *** of the primary transformants obtained with a Cas9 gene lacking introns displayed a knockout mutant phenotype,whereas between 70%and 100%of the primary transformants generated with the intronized Cas9 gene displayed mutant *** intronized Cas9 gene was also found to be effective in other plants such as Nicotiana benthamiana and Catharanthus roseus.

关键词： CRISPR Cas9 targeted mutagenesis gene targeting

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Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model

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International journal of Oral Science 2018年第4期10卷 212-222页

作者： R.Nicole Howie samuel Herberg Emily Durham Zachary Grey Grace Bennfors Mohammed Elsalanty Amanda C.LaRue William D.Hill james j.Cray Oral Health Sciences Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Cellular Biology and Anatomy Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Oral Biology Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Orthopaedic Surgery Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Research Service of the Ralph H johnson VA Medical Center CharlestonSCUSA Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center AugustaGAUSA Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Biology CharlestonSCUSA Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNCUSA Division of Anatomy College of MedicineOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Bone wound healing is a highly dynamic and precisely controlled process through which damaged bone undergoes repair and complete regeneration. External factors can alter this process, leading to delayed or failed bone wound healing. The findings of recent studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) can reduce bone mass, precipitate osteoporotic fractures and increase the rate of dental implant failure. With 10% of Americans prescribed antidepressants, the potential of SSRIs to impair bone healing may adversely affect millions of patients’ ability to heal after sustaining trauma. Here, we investigate the effect of the SSRI sertraline on bone healing through pre-treatment with(10 mg·kg-1sertraline in drinking water, n = 26) or without(control, n = 30) SSRI followed by the creation of a 5-mm calvarial defect. Animals were randomized into three surgical groups:(a) empty/sham,(b) implanted with a DermaMatrix scaffold soak-loaded with sterile PBS or(c) DermaMatrix soak-loaded with542.5 ng BMP2. SSRI exposure continued until sacrifice in the exposed groups at 4 weeks after surgery. Sertraline exposure resulted in decreased bone healing with significant decreases in trabecular thickness, trabecular number and osteoclast dysfunction while significantly increasing mature collagen fiber formation. These findings indicate that sertraline exposure can impair bone wound healing through disruption of bone repair and regeneration while promoting or defaulting to scar formation within the defect site.

关键词： Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model

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The case of the missing appendix:a case report of appendiceal intussusception at the site of colonic mullerianosis

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第4期5卷 309-312,I0003页

作者： Federico P Quirante Lisandro M Montorfano Federico Serrot Mary E Billington Giovanna Da Silva Emanuele Lo Menzo samuel Szomstein Raul j Rosenthal Department of Surgery Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFLUSA

Right lower quadrant pain is a symptom with an exceptionally broad differential *** of the appendix is a very uncommon condition with many ***,the pathologic finding of ectopic presence of a mixture of at least two mullerian-derived tissue components is *** report presents the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented twice with acute right lower abdominal *** of appendiceal inversion was made *** examination of the specimen identified extensive endometriosis,endosalpingiosis and endocervicosis of the colon *** intussusception and colonic mullerianosis,present together,are discussed,and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of appendiceal intussusception are discussed.

关键词： appendix appendiceal intussusception mullerianosis endocervicosis

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