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The Role of T Lymphocytes in Bone Remodeling

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Open journal of Orthopedics 2023年第4期13卷 131-146页

作者： jaymes L. Fuller Renee E. samuel jason j. Abraham Dina Gad Dana M. Padilla jessica A. Cottrell Department of Biological Sciences Seton Hall University South Orange USA

Bone remodeling is a tightly regulated resorption and formation of bone matrix for physiological processes or to maintain bone function. Bone remodeling involves the synchronized differentiation and activity of bone-related cell types including bone matrix-depositing osteoblasts, bone matrix-resorbing osteoclasts, collagen/extracellular matrix-producing chondrocytes, and the progenitors of these cell types. T and B cells are adaptive immune cells that can influence bone remodeling by directly regulating the function of bone-related cells under normal and pathophysiological conditions. The specific mechanisms through which T cells control remodeling are not well defined. Here, we review the impact and influence of T cells and their products on the differentiation and function of bone cells during bone remodeling. Synthesizing new connections and highlighting potential mechanisms may promote additional avenues of study to elucidate the full role that immune cells play in regulating bone homeostasis.

关键词： Osteoimmunology Bone Homeostasis Fracture T Cells B Cells Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Chondrocytes

FtsH4 protease controls biogenesis of the PSII complex by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins

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Plant Communications 2023年第1期4卷 272-286页

作者： Vendula Krynická Petra Skotnicová Philip j.jackson samuel Barnett jianfeng Yu Anna Wysocka Radek Kaña Mark j.Dickman Peter j.Nixon C.Neil Hunter josef Komenda The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of MicrobiologyCentre AlgatechNovohradská 23737901 TreboñCzech Republic Plants Photosynthesis and SoilSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories Department of Life SciencesSouth Kensington CampusImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia37005 Ceské BudějoviceCzech Republic

FtsH proteases are membrane-embedded proteolytic complexes important for protein quality control and regulation of various physiological processes in bacteria,mitochondria,and *** most cyanobacteria,the model species Synechocystis *** 6803 contains four FtsH homologs,FtsH1–***1–FtsH3 form two hetero-oligomeric complexes,FtsH1/3 and FtsH2/3,which play a pivotal role in acclimation to nutrient deficiency and photosystem Ⅱ quality control,***4 differs from the other three homologs by the formation of a homo-oligomeric complex,and together with Arabidopsis thaliana AtFtsH7/9 orthologs,it has been assigned to another phylogenetic group of unknown *** results exclude the possibility that Synechocystis FtsH4 structurally or functionally substitutes for the missing or non-functional FtsH2 subunit in the FtsH2/3 ***,we demonstrate that FtsH4 is involved in the biogenesis of photosystem Ⅱ by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins(Hlips).FtsH4 positively regulates expression of Hlips shortly after high light exposure but is also responsible for Hlip removal under conditions when their elevated levels are no longer *** provide experimental support for Hlips as proteolytic substrates of *** labeling of FtsH4 enabled us to assess its localization using advanced microscopic *** show that FtsH4 complexes are concentrated in well-defined membrane regions at the inner and outer periphery of the thylakoid *** on the identification of proteins that co-purified with the tagged FtsH4,we speculate that FtsH4 concentrates in special compartments in which the biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes takes place.

关键词： thylakoid photosystemⅡbiogenesis FtsH4 high light-inducible protein proteolysis

Contribution of MRI in Extension Assessment of Cervical Cancer in Yaoundé(Cameroon)

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Open journal of Radiology 2021年第4期11卷 151-159页

作者： Mbozo’o Mvondo samuel Yannick Onana Aminou Mohamadou jérémie Mbo Amvene David Ngaroua Genesis Eric Secvou Mathurin Neossi Guena Obi Fidelis Ayuk Ekobena Fouda Odile Fernade Zeh Boniface Moifo Hamadou Ba samuel Nko’o Amvene Departement of Radiology and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Department of Radiology Yaoundé Military Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers, requiring a precise complementary assessment. The aim of this study was to contribute to the improvement of the management of cervical cancer by describing the MRI aspects of cervical cancer according to the IFOG-MRI classification. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in patients who came for clinical suspicion, extension assessment of histologically confirmed cervical cancer, from October 2020 to March 2021, in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Results: 54 patients were selected, with an average age of 50.4 years. Genital hemorrhage was the most frequent symptom (92%). The mean tumor size was 52.9 mm. According to IFOG staging, stages Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, and IV accounted for 9.10%, 10.20%, 12.50%, 29.50%, 5.70%, 12.50%, and 20% respectively. No patient had known metastasis at the time of examination. Conclusion: MRI allows non-invasive, satisfactory tumor staging examination by providing information on tumor size, parametrium invasion, adjacent organ involvement, and the presence of lymph node metastasis.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Magnetic Resonance Imaging International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

A robust new metric of phenotypic distance to estimate and compare multiple trait differences among populations

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 426-439页

作者： Rebecca SAFRAN samuel FLAXMAN Michael KOPP Darren E. IRWIN Derek BRIGGS Matthew R. EVANS W. Chris FUNK David A. GRAY Eileen A. HEBETS Nathalie SEDDON Elizabeth SCORDATO Laurel B. SYMES joseph A. TOBIAS David P. L. TOEWS j. Albert C. UY Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. Mathematics and B iosciences Group Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna A-1090 Vienna Austria Current address Evolutionary Biology and Modeling Group Faculty of Sciences Aix-Marseille University 13331 Marseille France. Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4. Research ＆ Evaluation Methodology School of Education University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A. Department of Biology California State University Northridge CA 91330 U.S.A. School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 U.S.A. Edward Grey Institute Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PS UK Committee on Evolutionary Biology The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637U.S.A. Department of Biology Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 U.S.A. Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33146 U.S.A.

Whereas a rich literature exists for estimating population genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are lacking, particularly for comparing multiple traits among three or more populations. Here, we review and analyze via simula- tion Hedges＇ g, a widely used parametric estimate of effect size. Our analyses indicate that g is sensitive to a combination of unequal trait variances and unequal sample sizes among populations and to changes in the scale of measurement. We then go on to derive and explain a new, non-parametric distance measure, ＇Aft＇, which is caiculated based upon a joint cumulative distribution function （CDF） from all populations under study. More precisely, distances are measured in terms of the percentiles in this CDF at which each population＇s median lies. Ap combines many desirable features of other distance metrics into a single metric; namely, compared to other metrics, p is relatively insensitive to unequal variances and sample sizes among the populations sam- pied. Furthermore, a key feature of Ap--and our main motivation for developing it--is that it easily accommodates simultaneous comparisons of any number of traits across any number of populations. To exemplify its utility, we employ Ap to address a ques- tion related to the role of sexual selection in speciation： are sexual signals more divergent than ecological traits in closely related taxa？ Using traits of known function in closely related populations, we show that traits predictive of reproductive performance are indeed, more divergent and more sexually dimorphic than traits related to ecological adaptation [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 426-439 2012].

关键词： Effect size Phenotype divergence Sexual dimorphism Sexual selection Speciation

Dispersal Patterns of the Late Cretaceous to Early-Tertiary Sediments in the Southern Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria

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International journal of Geosciences 2013年第3期4卷 588-604页

作者： samuel O. Onyekuru Chukwuma j. Iwuagwu Godwin I. Nwankwor Nathaniel N. Onu Cyril E. Ukaonu Department of Geoscience Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Geoscience Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria First Exploration and Petroleum Development Company Limited Ikoyi Lagos Nigeria

The dispersal patterns of the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary sediments in southern Anambra Basin were studied to delineate spatial facies distributions for improved mapping and hydrocarbon prospectivity. Seven lithofacies distinguished from eleven outcrop sections aided the interpretation of depositional environments for the different depositional units. Interpreted paleoenvironments ranged from estuarine/lagoonal to tidal delta and shallow marine depositional environments. Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the deposits using vertical relationships between the delineated facies and foraminiferal and palynofacies assemblages and the interpreted environmental setting identified two complete sequences (SEQ-1 and -2) and two incomplete sequences (SEQ-3 and -4) in the study area. The sequiences are enveloped by three Type-1 Sequence Boundaries (SB), two Transgressive Surfaces of Erosion (TSE) and four Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFS). The identified surfaces were used to delineate formation boundaries and as such would assist in the improved mapping of the Anambra Basin and adjoining depocenters. The massive sand units of the Highstand and Transgressive Systems Tracts constitute good (potential) reservoirs, while the transgressive shales would constitute seals for potential traps in the study area. The delineation of these petroleum system elements, especially those associated with the Transgressive and Highstand Systems Tracts has conferred great hydrocarbon prospectivity potential on the sedimentary sequences in the Basin. The absence of deep marine and slope complexes of the Lowstand Systems Tract (LST) in the interpreted sequences is indicative that the study area is the up-dip section of the Anambra Basin.

关键词： Dispersal Patterns Formation Sequence Boundary Facies Spatial Complexes Erosion

Morphological and microsatellite DNA diversity of Nigerian indigenous sheep

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第1期4卷 18-33页

作者： Brilliant O Agaviezor Sunday O Peters Mufliat A Adefenwa Abdulmojeed Yakubu Olufunmilayo A Adebambo Michael O Ozoje Christian ON Ikeobi Matthew Wheto Oyeyemi O Ajayi samuel A Amusan Oludotun j Ekundayo Timothy M Sanni Moses Okpeku Gbolabo O Onasanya Marcos De Donato Babatunde M Ilori Kadir Kizilkaya Ikhide G Imumorin Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture Department of Animal Science and Fisheries University of Port Harcourt Dept of Animal Science Cornell University Dept of Animal Science Berry College Department of Cell Biology and Genetics University of Lagos Department of Animal Science Nasarawa State University Dept of Livestock Production Niger Delta University Department of Animal Science Adnan Menderes University

Background： Sheep is important in the socio-economic lives of people around the world. It is estimated that more than half of our once common livestock breeds are now endangered. Since genetic characterization of Nigerian sheep is still lacking, we analyzed ten morphological traits on 402 animals and 15 microsatellite DNA markers in 384 animals of the 4 Nigerian sheep breeds to better understand genetic diversity for breeding management and germplasm conservation. Results： Morphological traits of Uda and Balami were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher than Yankasa, which were both higher than West African Dwarf （WAD） sheep. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed tail length, rump height, chest girth, ear length and chest depth as the most discriminating variables for classification. Mahalanobis distances show the least differentiation between Uda and Balami and the largest between WAD and Balami sheep. While 93.3% of WAD sheep were correctly assigned to their source genetic group, 63.9% of Yankasa, 61.2% of Balami and 45.2% of Uda were classified correctly by nearest neighbour discriminant analysis. The overall high Polymorphism Information Content （PIC） of all microsatellite markers ranged from 0.751 to 0.927 supporting their use in genetic characterization. Expected heterozygosity was high for all loci （0.783 to 0.93）. Mean heterozygote deficiency across all populations （0.17] to 0.534） possibly indicate significant inbreeding （P 〈 0.05）. Mean values for FST, FIT and F^s statistics across all loci were 0.088, 0.394 and 0.336 respectively. Yankasa and Balami are the most closely related breeds （DA = 0.184） while WAD and Balami are the farthest apart breeds （DA-- 0.665）, which is coincident with distance based on morphological analysis and population structure assessed by STRUCTURE. Conclusions： These results suggest that within-breed genetic variation in Nigerian sheep is higher than between-breeds and may be a valuable tool for genetic improvement and conservation. The

关键词： Discriminant analysis Genetic distance Microsatellite DNA Morphological traits Nigerian sheep

Impact of palliative therapies in metastatic esophageal cancer patients not receiving chemotherapy

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第9期12卷 377-389页

作者： Sungjin Kim Timothy P DiPeri Michelle Guan Veronica R Placencio-Hickok Haesoo Kim jar-Yee Liu Andrew Hendifar samuel j Klempner Ryan Nipp Alexandra Gangi Miguel Burch Kevin Waters May Cho joseph Chao Katelyn Atkins Mitchell Kamrava Richard Tuli jun Gong Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgerySamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and OncologySamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer InstituteCedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCA 95817United States Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Department of Radiation Oncology Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Radiation Oncology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065United States

BACKGROUND Palliative therapy has been associated with improved overall survival(OS)in several tumor *** all patients with metastatic esophageal cancer receive palliative chemotherapy,and the roles of other palliative therapies in these patients are *** To investigate the impact of other palliative therapies in patients with metastatic esophageal cancer not receiving *** The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients between *** with M1 disease who declined chemotherapy and had known palliative therapy status[palliative therapies were defined as surgery,radiotherapy(RT),pain management,or any combination thereof]were *** with unknown chemotherapy,RT,or nonprimary surgery status were ***-Meier estimates of OS were *** proportional hazards regression models were employed to examine factors influencing *** Among 140234 esophageal cancer cases,we identified 1493 patients who did not receive chemotherapy and had complete *** age was 70 years,most(66.3%)had a Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)of 0,and 37.1%were treated at an academic *** majority(72.7%)did not receive other palliative *** both univariate and multivariable analyses,there was no difference in OS between those receiving other palliative therapy(median 2.83 mo,95%CI:2.53-3.12)vs no palliative therapy(2.37 no,95%CI:2.2-2.56;multivariable P=0.290).On univariate,but not multivariable analysis,treatment at an academic center was predictive of improved OS[Hazard ratio(HR)0.90,95%CI:0.80-1.00;P=0.047].On multivariable analysis,female sex(HR 0.81,95%CI:0.71-0.92)and non-black,other race compared to white race(HR 0.72,95%CI:0.56-0.93)were associated with reduced mortality,while South geographic region relative to West region(HR 1.23,95%CI:1.04-1.46)and CCI of 1 relative to CCI of 0(HR 1.17,95%CI:1.03-1.32)were associated with increased *** histologic grade and T-stage were also as

关键词： Esophageal cancer Metastatic Palliative Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Survival

Effect of Varying Temperature and Oxygen on Particulate Matter Formation in Oxy-Biomass Combustion

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Energy Engineering 2022年第3期119卷 863-881页

作者： Chen Wang Cicilia Kemunto Mesa samuel Bimenyimana Nathan Bogonko George Adwek Yiyi Mo Godwin Norense Osarumwense Asemota Changfu Yuan Yaowen Chen Changtai Li Etienne Ntagwirumugara Aphrodis Nduwamungu Fujian Provincial Higher–Educational Engineering Research Centre of Intelligence and Automation in Construction College of Civil EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityXiamenChina Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute NairobiKenya Hello Renewables Ltd.KigaliRwanda Mount Kenya University ThikaKenya African Centre of Excellence in Energy for Sustainable Development University of RwandaKigaliRwanda Morayo College NairobiKenya Fujian Baichuan Construction Technology Co. Ltd.XiamenChina Haoqi(Xiamen)Construction Technology Co. Ltd.XiamenChina University of Rwanda College of Science and TechnologyKigaliRwanda

Offsetting particulate matter emissions has become a critical global aim as there are concerted efforts to deal with environmental and energy poverty *** study consists of investigations of computing emissions of particulate matter from biomass fuels in various atmospheres and *** laboratory setup included a fixed bed electric reactor and a particulate matter(PM)measuring machine interfaced with the flue gas from the fixed bed reactor combustion *** experiments were conducted at seven different temperatures(600℃-1200℃)and six incremental oxygen concentrations(21%-100%).Five biomass types were studied;A-cornstalk,B-wood,C-wheat straw,D-Rice husk,E-Peanut shell,each pulverized to a size of approximately 75 *** study shows that PM emitted during char combustion is consistently higher than that emitted during the *** de-volatilization,increase in temperature leads to linear decrease in PM emission between atmospheres of 21%O_(2)to 50%O_(2),thereafter,between 70%O_(2)to 100%O_(2);increase in temperature leads to a rise in PM *** average PM formation from all the five considered biomass is relatively comparable however,with differing atmospheres and temperatures,the fibrous and low-density biomass forms more *** char combustion,the study shows that at oxygen levels of 21%,70%,90%and 100%,increase in temperature leads to increased PM *** increase in oxygen concentration and temperature increases the rate of combustion hence diminishing the time of combustion.

关键词： Oxy-fuel combustion particulate matter(PM) volatiles char combustion

Influence of Halide Choice on Formation of Low-Dimensional Perovskite Interlayer in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第2期5卷 670-682页

作者： Xueping Liu Thomas Webb Linjie Dai Kangyu ji joel A.Smith Rachel C.Kilbride Mozhgan Yavari jinxin Bi Aobo Ren Yuanyuan Huang Zhuo Wang Yonglong Shen Guosheng Shao Stephen j.Sweeney Steven Hinder Hui Li David G.Lidzey samuel D.Stranks Neil C.Greenham S.Ravi P.Silva Wei Zhang State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon&Environmental Materials(CDLCEM) Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Advanced Technology Institute Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeCambridge CB30ASUK Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SheffieldSheffield S37RHUK Department of Physics University of OxfordClarendon LaboratoryOxford OX13PUUK Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK The Surface Analysis Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Recent advances in heterojunction and interfacial engineering of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have enabled great progress in developing highly efficient and stable ***,the effect of halide choice on the formation mechanism,crystallography,and photoelectric properties of the lowdimensional phase still requires further detailed *** this work,we present key insights into the significance of halide choice when designing passivation strategies comprising large organic spacer salts,clarifying the effect of anions on the formation of quasi-2D/3D *** demonstrate the importance of halide influences,we employ novel neo-pentylammonium halide salts with different halide anions(neoPAX,X=I,Br,or Cl).We find that regardless of halide selection,iodide-based(neoPA)_(2)(FA)_((n-1))PbnI_((3n+1))phases are formed above the perovskite substrate,while the added halide anions diffuse and passivate the perovskite *** addition,we also find the halide choice has an influence on the degree of dimensionality(n).Comparing the three halides,we find that chloride-based salts exhibit superior crystallographic,enhanced carrier transport,and extraction compared to the iodide and bromide *** a result,we report high power conversion efficiency in quasi-2D/3D PSCs,which are optimal when using chloride salts,reaching up to 23.35%,and improving long-term stability.

关键词： carrier dynamics halide anions(I Br Cl) neo-pentylammonium halides perovskite solar cells quasi-2D/3D heterojunction